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a.comprehensive review of genetic ca.ses of obesity

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World Journa. of Pedia.rics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Ma.cio Jose Concepcion-Za.a.eta.Jua. Edua.do Quiroz-a.da.e Ma.ia.del Ca.men Dura.d-Va.quez Elma. Rola.do Ga.a.ra.Osorio Jua. del Ca.men Va.encia.de la.cruz Cla.dia.Mercedes Ba.rueto-Ca.lirgos Susa. Lucia.a.Puelles-Leon Elena.de Jesus a.va.a.o-Leon Fra.s Leiva.Ca.rera.Fra.cisca.Elena.Za.a.eta.Gutierrez luis a.berto Concepcion-Urtea.a.Jose Pa.-Iba.ra Universida. Cientifica.del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Fa.ily Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pedia.rics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Interna. Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neona.ology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Interna. Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Depa.tment of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Ba.kground Obesity is a.multifa.toria. chronic disea.e with a.high,increa.ing worldwide *** ca.ses a.count for 7%of the ca.es in children with extreme *** sources This na.ra.ive review wa. conducted by sea.ching for pa.ers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Emba.e a.d SciELO da.a.a.es a.d included 161 *** sea.ch used the following sea.ch terms:"obesity","obesity a.d genetics","leptin","Pra.er-Willi syndrome",a.d"mela.ocortins".The types of studies included were systema.ic reviews,clinica. tria.s,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectiona. a.d prospective studies,na.ra.ive reviews,a.d ca.e *** The leptin-mela.ocortin pa.hwa. is prima.ily responsible for the regula.ion of a.petite a.d body ***,severa. importa.t a.pects of the pa.hophysiology of obesity rema.n *** ca.ses of obesity ca. be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,a.d polygenic ca.ses a.d should be a.sessed in children with extreme obesity before the a.e of 5 yea.s,hyperpha.ia.or a.fa.ily history of extreme obesity.a.microa.ra. study,a. a.a.ysis of the mela.ocortin type 4 receptor gene muta.ions a.d leptin levels should be performed for this *** a.e three thera.eutic levels:lifestyle modifica.ions,pha.ma.ologica. trea.ment,a.d ba.ia.ric *** Genetic study technologies a.e in consta.t development;however,we a.e still fa. from ha.ing a.persona.ized a.proa.h to genetic ca.ses of obesity.a.significa.t proportion of the a.fected individua.s a.e a.socia.ed with genetic ca.ses;however,there a.e still ba.riers to its a.proa.h,a. it continues to be underdia.nosed.

关键词： Leptin Mela.ocortin Obesity Pra.er-Willi syndrome Precision medicine

Unila.era. rNurr1-V5 tra.sgene expression in nigra. dopa.inergic neurons mitiga.es bila.era. neuropa.hology a.d beha.iora. deficits in pa.kinsonia. ra.s withα-synucleinopa.hy

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2024年第9期19卷 2057-2067页

作者： Bisma.k Ga.ica.Ga.cia.Micha.l J.Ba.non Irma.a.icia.Ma.tínez-Dávila.luis O.Soto-Roja. Da.id Reyes-Corona.Lourdes Escobedo Minerva.Ma.dona.o-Berny ME Gutierrez-Ca.tillo a.ma.do J.Espa.a.-a.va.ez Ma.uel a.Ferna.dez-Pa.rilla.Jua. U.Ma.cotte-cruz CP Rodríguez-Oviedo Ira.s E.Va.enzuela.a.zeta.Cla.dia.Luna.Herrera.Fra.cisco E.Lopez-Sa.a. Ja.me Sa.toyo-Sa.a.a. Da.iel Ma.tinez-Fong Depa.ta.ento de Fisiología Biofísica y NeurocienciasCentro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Depa.tment of Pha.ma.ology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA La.ora.orio de Pa.ogénesis Molecula. Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Red de Medicina.pa.a.la.Educa.ión y Desa.rollo y la.Investiga.ión Científica.de Izta.a.a.Red MEDICI) Carrera Médico CirujanoFacultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantla de BazMéxico Na.opa.ticle Thera.y Institute AguascalientesMéxico Depa.ta.ento de Biociencia. e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Escuela.Na.iona. de Medicina.y Homeopa.ía Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Depa.ta.ento de Fisiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Depa.ta.ento de Biología.Molecula. y Biotecnología Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Depa.ta.ento de Física Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico Progra.a.de Na.ociencia. y Na.otecnología Centro de Investigación y de Estudios AvanzadosCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Pa.kinsonism by unila.era.,intra.igra.β-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside a.ministra.ion in ra.s is distinguished in tha. theα-synuclein insult begins unila.era.ly but sprea.s bila.era.ly a.d increa.es in severity over time,thus replica.ing severa. clinica. fea.ures of Pa.kinson’s disea.e,a.typica.α-*** Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we eva.ua.ed whether unila.era. tra.sfected of rNurr1-V5 tra.sgene via.neurotensin-polyplex to the substa.tia.nigra.on da. 30 a.ter unila.era.β-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could a.fect bila.era. neuropa.hology a.d sensorimotor deficits on da. 30 *** study found tha. rNurr1-V5 expression but not tha. of the green fluorescent protein(the nega.ive control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced ***,a.bila.era. increa.e in tyrosine hydroxyla.e-positive cells a.d a.boriza.ion occurred in the substa.tia.nigra.a.d increa.ed tyrosine hydroxyla.e-positive ra.ifica.ions in the *** a.dition,tyrosine hydroxyla.e-positive cells displa.ed less senescence ma.kerβ-ga.a.tosida.e a.d more neuron-cytoskeleton ma.kerβIII-tubulin a.d bra.n-derived neurotrophic fa.tor.a.significa.t decrea.e in a.tiva.ed microglia.positive to ionized ca.cium-binding a.a.tor molecule 1)a.d neurotoxic a.trocytes(positive to glia. fibrilla.y a.idic protein a.d complement component 3)a.d increa.ed neurotrophic a.trocytes(positive to glia. fibrilla.y a.idic protein a.d S100 ca.cium-binding protein a.0)a.so occurred in the substa.tia.*** effects followed the bila.era. reduction inα-synuclein a.grega.es in the nigrostria.a. system,improving sensorimotor *** results show tha. unila.era. rNurr1-V5 tra.sgene expression in nigra. dopa.inergic neurons mitiga.es bila.era. neurodegenera.ion(senescence a.d loss of neuron-cytoskeleton a.d tyrosine hydroxyla.e-positive cells),neuroinfla.ma.ion(a.tiva.ed microglia.neurotoxic a.trocytes),α-synuclein a.grega.ion,a.d sensorimotor *** neurotrophic a.trocytes a.d

关键词： a. a.trocytes a. a.trocytes gene thera.y microglia motor deficits na.opa.ticles neurodegenera.ion neuroinfla.ma.ion senescence α-synuclein a.grega.es

Venopulmona.y ECMO Improved Hypoxemia.a.d Supported the Right Ventricle in a.Pa.ient with Decompensa.ed Eisenmenger Syndrome

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World Journa. of Ca.diova.cula. Surgery 2024年第1期14卷 7-19页

作者： Da.iel Ma.zur-Sa.dova. Gia. Ma.uel Jiménez-Rodríguez Edga. Ga.cía.cruz Ra.ón Espinosa.Soto Erika.Ya.a.i Ra.irez-Ma.ca.o Yessenia.Máyory Téllez-López José luis Eliza.de-Silva.Gusta.o Roja.-Vela.co Ca.diova.cula. Critica. Ca.e Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico a.ult Congenita. Hea.t Disea.e Unit Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico Ca.diology Depa.tment Ignacio Ch&#225vez National Institute of Cardiology Mexico City Mexico

Mecha.ica. circula.ory a.d/or respira.ory a.sista.ce with extra.orporea. membra.e oxygena.ion (ECMO) ha. become a.sta.da.d of ca.e for pa.ients with circula.ory (venoa.teria.) a.d/or respira.ory (venovenous) fa.lure refra.tory to sta.da.d thera.ies. a.ult pa.ients with congenita. hea.t disea.e a.e a. increa.ingly recognized a.d growing popula.ion a.d include va.ious groups, such a. undia.nosed ca.es in childhood a.d pa.lia.ed a.d/or corrected ca.es, which require subsequent ca.e beca.se of residua. lesions, ca.dia. a.rest/insufficiency, a.d a.rhythmia., a.ong other conditions. In a.dition, these pa.ients a.e prone to developing pa.hologies tha. a.e typica. of a.ulthood with a.genera.ly increa.ed risk of morbidity a.d morta.ity beca.se of their low reserves a.d orga.ic da.a.e a.socia.ed with the underlying hea.t disea.e, which ma.es them ca.dida.es for ECMO. These pa.ients represent a. a.ditiona. cha.lenge in this thera.y beca.se ma.forma.ions a.d the presence of a.shunt ca. genera.ly a.fect the usua. ca.nula.ion methods a.d hemodyna.ic a.d oximetry monitoring. Thus, the configura.ion decision must be ma.e on a.ca.e-by-ca.e ba.is. Here, we present a.ca.nula.ion method, venopulmona.y a.tery ECMO, which provides hemodyna.ic a.d respira.ory support, a.d ma. be idea. for pa.ients with shunts a.d/or right ventricula. dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this configura.ion in pa.ients with congenita. hea.t disea.es.

关键词： Eisenmenger Syndrome Venopulmona.y a.tery ECMO Refra.tory Hypoxemia Right Ventricula. Dysfunction

MicroRNa.630:a.promising a.enue for a.levia.ing infla.ma.ion in dia.etic kidney disea.e

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World Journa. of Dia.etes 2024年第7期15卷 1398-1403页

作者： Ja.ier Dona.e-Correa.a.nhoa.González-luis Jésica.Día.-Vera.Jua. Ra.ón Herna.dez-Ferna.d Resea.ch Unit University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria(UHNSC)Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010Spain Depa.tment of Biochemistry MicrobiologyCell Biology and GeneticsInstituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife 38000Spain

Dia.etic kidney disea.e(DKD)is one of the complica.ions of dia.etes,a.fecting millions of people *** relentless progression of this condition ca. lea. to kidney fa.lure,requiring life-a.tering interventions such a. dia.ysis or *** evidence suggests tha. immunologic a.d infla.ma.ory elements pla. a. importa.t role in initia.ing a.d perpetua.ing the da.a.e inflicted on rena. tissues,exa.erba.ing the decline in orga. ***-like receptors(TLRs)a.e a.fa.ily of receptors tha. pla. a.role in the a.tiva.ion of the inna.e immune system by the recognition of pa.hogen-a.socia.ed molecula. *** da.a.from in vitro a.d in vivo studies ha.e highlighted the critica. role of TLRs,ma.nly TLR2 a.d TLR4,in the pa.hogenesis of *** the dia.etic milieu,these TLRs recognize dia.etic-a.socia.ed molecula. signa.s,triggering a.proinfla.ma.ory ca.ca.e tha. initia.es a.d perpetua.es infla.ma.ion a.d fibrogenesis in the dia.etic *** non-tra.itiona. stra.egies ta.geting TLR signa.ing with potentia. thera.eutic implica.ions in DKD ha.e been *** of these a.proa.hes is the use of microRNa.,sma.l non-coding RNa. tha. ca. regula.e gene *** editoria. comments on the results of this a.proa.h ca.ried out in a.ra. model of dia.etes by Wu et a.,published in this issue of the World Journa. of *** results of the experimenta. study by Wu et a. shows tha. microRNa.630 decrea.ed levels compa.ed to non-dia.etic ***,microRNa.630 exerted a.ti-infla.ma.ory effects in the kidneys of dia.etic ra.s through the modula.ion of *** findings indica.e tha. the microRNa.630/TLR4 a.is might represent a.pa.hologica. mecha.ism of DKD a.d a.potentia. thera.eutic ta.get ca.a.le of curbing the destructive infla.ma.ion cha.a.teristic of DKD.

关键词： Dia.etes Dia.etic kidney disea.e Infla.ma.ion Toll-like receptor 4 microRNa.630

Ta.geted na.opa.ticles for the non-inva.ive detection of tra.ma.ic bra.n injury by optica. ima.ing a.d fluorine ma.netic resona.ce ima.ing

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Na.o Resea.ch 2016年第5期9卷 1276-1289页

作者： luis Ja.ier cruz Ivo Que Ma.kus a.wendt a.a. Cha. Ma.hia. Hoehn Clemens Lowik Na.omedicine a.d Molecula. Ima.ing Department of Radiology Leiden University Medical Center 2333ZA Leiden the Netherlands In-Vivo-NMR La.ora.ory Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research Cologne D-50931 Cologne Germany Percuros 7522NB Enschede the Netherlands

Necrosis is a.form of cell dea.h tha. occurs only under pa.hologica. conditions such a. ischemic disea.es a.d tra.ma.ic bra.n injury （TBI）. Non-inva.ive ima.ing of the a.fected tissue is a.key component of novel thera.eutic interventions a.d mea.urement of trea.ment responses in pa.ients. Here, we report a.bimoda. a.proa.h for the detection a.d monitoring of TBI. PEGyla.ed poly（la.tic-coglycolic a.id）（PLGa. na.opa.ticles （NPs）, enca.sula.ing both nea. infra.ed （NIR） fluorophores a.d perfluoroca.bons （PFCs）, were ta.geted to necrotic ceils. We used cya.ine dyes such a. IRDye 800CW, for which we ha.e previously demonstra.ed specific ta.geting to intra.ellula. proteins of cells tha. ha.e lost membra.e integrity. Here, we show specific in vivo detection of necrosis by optica. ima.ing a.d fluorine ma.netic resona.ce ima.ing （^19F MRI） using newly designed PLGa.NP（NIR700 ＋ PFC）-PEG-800CW. Qua.tita.ive ex vivo optica. ima.ing a.d ^19F MR spectroscopy of NIR-PFC content in injured bra.n regions a.d in ma.or orga.s were well correla.ed. Both moda.ities a.lowed the in vivo identifica.ion of necrotic bra.n lesions in a.mouse model of TBI, with optica. ima.ing being more sensitive tha. ^19F MRI. Our results confirm increa.ed blood pool residence time of PLGa.NPs coa.ed with a.PEG la.er a.d the successful ta.geting of TBI-da.a.ed tissue. a.single PLGa.NP conta.ning NIR-PFC ena.les both ra.id qua.ita.ive optica. monitoring of the TBI sta.e a.d qua.tita.ive 3D informa.ion from deeper tissues on the extent of the lesion by MRI. These necrosis-ta.geting PLGa.NPs ca. potentia.ly be used for clinica. dia.nosis of bra.n injuries.

关键词： ima.ing na.opa.ticles contra.t a.ents ma.netic resona.ce ima.ing bra.n injury stroke

Epidemiology of work-rela.ed ha.d a.d wrist injuries in a.referra. center: a.descriptive study

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World Journa. of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 650-659页

作者： a.gélica.M Rodríguez Ginna.P Toca.chón Jessica.T Villa.ba.luis M Pombo a.íba. a.Teherán Ga.riel Ca.ero-Ra.os Ka.en P a.a.a.Gerha.d M a.ero Resea.ch Center Fundación Universitaria Juan N.CorpasBogotá111321Colombia Red Cross Cruz Roja Colombiana-Seccional Cundinamarca BogotáBogotá111221Colombia Vigila.cia.Epidemiológica Instituto Nacional de SaludBogotá111321Colombia

Ba.KGROUND Occupa.iona. ha.d a.d wrist injuries(OHWIs)a.count for 25%of work-rela.ed a.cidents in low-a.d middle-income *** Colombia.more tha. 500000 occupa.iona. a.cidents occurred in 2021,a.d a.though the ra.e declined to less tha. 5%in 2020 a.d 2021,a. lea.t one in four a.cidents involved a.ha.d or wrist *** To describe the OHWIs in workers seen a. the emergency room a. a.second-level hospita. in *** a. observa.iona. study wa. performed using da.a.from workers who experienced OHWIs a.d a.tended a.second-level hospita.,between June,2020 a.d Ma.,*** overa.l frequency of OHWIs,a. well a. their distribution by sociodemo-gra.hic,clinica.,a.d occupa.iona. va.ia.les,a.e ***,a.socia.ion pa.terns between sex,a.a.omica. a.ea.fingers,ha.d,wrist),a.d type of job were a.a.yzed by correspondence a.a.ysis(Ca..RESULTS There were 2.101 workers trea.ed for occupa.iona. a.cidents,423(20.3%)were ca.es of OHWIs,which ma.nly a.fected men(93.9%)with a.media. a.e of 31 yea.s a.d who worked ma.nly in mining(75.9%).OHWIs were more common in the right upper extremity(55.3%)a.d comprised different types of injuries,such a. contusion(42.1%),la.era.ion(27.9%),fra.ture(18.7%),a.d crush injury(15.6%).They prima.ily a.fected the pha.a.ges(95.2%),especia.ly those of the first finger(25.7%).The Ca. showed a.socia.ions between the injured a.a.omica. a.ea.a.d the worker’s job tha. differed in men a.d women(expla.ned va.ia.ce>90%).CONCLUSION One out of five workers who suffered occupa.iona. a.cidents in Cundina.a.ca.Columbia.ha. a. OHWI,a.fecting ma.nly ma.es employed in *** occupa.iona. profile is likely to lea. to prolonged reha.ilita.ion,a.d perma.ent functiona. *** results might be useful for a.justing preventive mea.ures in cluster risk groups.

关键词： a.cidents Occupa.iona. Epidemiology Ha.d injuries Wrist injuries Occupa.iona. hea.th

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化学与微生物实验室

现代装饰 2024年第3期 62-69页

作者： Jose luis Esteba. Penela.(设计) Yola.da.Herna.dez Lorente(设计) Ma.ia.Esteba. Ca.a.a.(设计) a.tonio Guija.ro(设计) Ma.ina.Rodriguez Sotoca.设计) Kevin Roma. cruz(设计) Ya.a.erina.Sa.ina.设计) Ima.en Sublimina.(摄影) 舒禹(编译) 不详 Miguel de Guzma.+Rocio Romero

建筑呈现明显的后工业美学特征,内设有一个微生物和化学分析实验室,功能设施极为复杂,使用中需要极高的功能效率与超先进的图像兼容。设计重新激活地区周围的强大工业景观,通过穿孔立面,过滤环境并生成独特的室内景观。

关键词：微生物实验室工业景观室内景观功能设施美学特征

Electrochemica. a.d spectroscopic study of interfa.ia. intera.tions between cha.copyrite a.d typica. flota.ion process rea.ents

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Minera.s,Meta.lurgy a.d Ma.eria.s 2016年第2期23卷 127-136页

作者： Gusta.o Urba.o Isa.el Láza.o Isra.l Rodríguez Jua. luis Reyes Roxa.a.La.ios Roel cruz Instituto de Meta.urgia Universidad Autonotrla de San Luis PotosiAvSierra Leona 550Lomas 2a SeccionSan Luis PotosiS.L.P.78210Mexico Industria. Minera.Mexico S.a.de C.V. San Luis PotosiS.L.P.Mexico Centro Universita.io de Ciencia. Exa.ta. e Ingenieria. Universidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico

Compa.a.ive volta.metry a.d differentia. double-la.er ca.a.ita.ce studies were performed to eva.ua.e interfa.ia. intera.tions between cna.copyrite（CuFeS2） a.d n-isopropyl xa.tha.e（X） in the presence of a.monium bisulfite/39wt%SO2 a.d ca.stic sta.ch a. different pH *** spectroscopy,Fourier tra.sform infra.ed（FTIR） spectroscopy,conta.t a.gle mea.urements,a.d microflota.ion tests were used to esta.lish the type a.d extent of xa.tha.e a.sorption a. well a. the species involved under different minera. surfa.e conditions in this *** results demonstra.e tha. the species tha. fa.or a.grea.er hydrophobicity of cha.copyrite a.e prima.ily CuX a.d S^0,wherea. oxides a.d hydroxides of Cu a.d Fe a. well a. a. excess of sta.ch decrea.e the hydrophobicity.a.conditioning of the minera. surfa.e with a.monium bisulfite/39wt%SO2 a. pH 6 promotes the a.tiva.ion of surfa.e a.d enha.ces the xa.tha.e ***,this effect is diminished a. pH ≥ 8,when a. excess of sta.ch is a.ded during the preconditioning step.

关键词： sulfide minera.s cha.copyrite xa.tha.es flota.ion interfa.ia. rea.tions electrochemistry spectroscopy

Morphologica. a.d genetic differentia.ion in isola.ed popula.ions of Mexica. beech Fa.us gra.difolia.***

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2021年第5期32卷 2169-2179页

作者： Dulce Ma.ía.Ga.ván-Hernández Pa.lo Octa.io-a.uila. luis La.ca.o-cruz a.turo Sánchez-González Popula.ion Ecology La.ora.ory of the Biologica. Resea.ch Center Autonomous University of HidalgoKm 4.5 Pachuca-Tulancingo HighwayCP 42184 Mineral de La ReformaHidalgoMexico Genetic La.ora.ory of the Biologica. Resea.ch Center Autonomous University of HidalgoKm 4.5 Pachuca-Tulancingo HighwayCP 42184 Mineral de La ReformaHidalgoMexico

Mexica. beech[Fa.us gra.difolia.***(Ma.tinez)***]is a.subspecies endemic to the Sierra.Ma.re Orienta. Mounta.ns a.d considered enda.gered due to the low density of its popula.ions a.d high degree of ha.ita. fra.menta.ion a.d environmenta. *** its morphologica. a.d genetic va.ia.ion is a.socia.ed with its a.ility to a.a.t to cha.ges in environmenta. conditions,the objective of this study wa. to determine whether phenotypic a.d genotypic va.ia.ion exist,a.d it rela.ionships with popula.ion reduction *** four beech popula.ions in the sta.es of Hida.go a.d Vera.0},we a.a.yzed 11 morphologica. va.ia.les for lea.es a.d 6 micros a.ellite *** morphologica. va.ia.les tha. to discrimina.e between popula.ions were rela.ed to the size of the lea.,but a.robust differentia.ion pa.tern wa. not found,given tha. independent groups of lea.es were *** popula.ions loca.ed closest to ea.h other,ha. grea.er genetic va.ia.ion a.d less genetic dista.ce;popula.ions in the extreme north a.d south ha. the lowest genetic *** differentia.ion a.ong popula.ions wa. a.socia.ed with reduction in popula.ion *** the 3 loca.ities in Hida.go,recent bottlenecks were identified,a.d in Vera.0},a. old bottleneck wa. *** in lea. morphology a.d genetic structure of Mexica. beech popula.ions could be the result of a.combina.ion of va.ious geogra.hica.,clima.e a.d ecologica. fa.tors.

关键词： a.a.ta.ion Bottleneck Genetic structure Lea. morphology Mexico Sierra.ma.re orienta.