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Aero-Acoustics of Modern Transonic Fans—— Fan Noise Reduction from Its Sources

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第2期12卷 104-113页

作者： l.xu J.D.Denton Whittle laboratory University of CambridgeUKWhittle LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeUK

The noise of aerodynamics nature from modern transonic fan is examined from its sources with the perspective of noise reduction through aero-acoustics design using advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools. In particular the problems associated with the forward propagating noise in the front is addressed. It is identified that the shock wave spillage from the leading edge near the fan tip is the main source of the tone noise. Two different approaches have been studied to reduce the forward arc tone noise and two state-of-art transonic fans are designed using the strategies developed. The following rig tests show that while the fans exhibit other noise problems, the primary goals of noise reduction have been achieved through both fans and the novel noise reduction concept vindicated.

关键词： transonic fan aero-acoustics noise reduction.

Ethical challenges in vascularized composite allotransplantation of the lower extremity:lessons learned from hand transplantation and implications for the future

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 196-212页

作者： Amy l.xu Casey Jo Humbyrd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19106USA

Vascularized composite allotransplantation(VCA)is a novel surgical practice that involves the transplantation of multiple tissue types as a functional unit without the primary purpose of extending *** VCA of the upper extremity is becoming increasingly accepted and performed,VCA of the lower extremity remains largely unexplored despite its acknowledged potential *** are inherent ethical concerns surrounding VCA that are dominated by a conflict between the principles of beneficence and *** primary question is whether the quality-of-life benefits to the patient outweigh the risks associated with long-term immunosuppression for a non-lifesaving *** addition,the ethical conversation involves concerns regarding informed consent,donor autonomy,patient privacy and public disclosure,patient selection,and unique considerations in the pediatric *** extremity VCA has additional ethical issues compared to upper extremity VCA,as current lower limb prostheses provide excellent,near baseline function that upper limb constructs have not yet been able to *** this review,we discuss the ethical challenges of lower extremity VCA using available evidence for the upper *** also compare ethical considerations of VCA of the extremity with other surgical alternatives to limb loss-namely,limb salvage and replantation-and address how the conversation may be altered with further advancements in immunosuppression and prosthetic technology.

关键词： Vascularized composite allotransplantation(VCA) lower extremity ethics limb salvage replantation

Recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 alleviates learning and memory impairments via M2 microglia polarization in postoperative cognitive dysfunction mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2727-2736页

作者： Yujia liu xue Han Yan Su Yiming Zhou Minhui xu Jiyan xu Zhengliang Ma Xiaoping Gu Tianjiao Xia Department of Anesthesiology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Medical School Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Jiangsu Key laboratory of Molecular Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina State Key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a seve re complication of the central nervous system that occurs after anesthesia and surgery,and has received attention for its high incidence and effect on the quality of life of *** date,there are no viable treatment options for postoperative cognitive *** identification of postoperative cognitive dysfunction hub genes could provide new research directions and therapeutic targets for future *** identify the signaling mechanisms contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction,we first conducted Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus GSE95426 dataset,which consists of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs differentially expressed in mouse hippocampus3 days after tibial *** dataset was enriched in genes associated with the biological process"regulation of immune cells,"of which Chill was identified as a hub ***,we investigated the contribution of chitinase-3-like protein 1 protein expression changes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of tibial fractu re *** were intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 124 hours post-surgery,and the injection groups were compared with untreated control mice for learning and memory capacities using the Y-maze and fear conditioning *** addition,protein expression levels of proinflammatory factors(interleukin-1βand inducible nitric oxide synthase),M2-type macrophage markers(CD206 and arginase-1),and cognition-related proteins(brain-derived neurotropic factor and phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit NR2B)were measured in hippocampus by western *** with recombinant chitinase-3-like protein 1 prevented surgery-induced cognitive impairment,downregulated interleukin-1βand nducible nitric oxide synthase expression,and upregulated CD206,arginase-1,pNR2B,and brain-derived neurotropic factor expr

关键词： Chil1 hippocampus learning and memory M2 microglia neuroinflammation postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD) recombinant CHI3l1

Benign lymph node microenvironment is associated with response to immunotherapy

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第1期3卷 44-53页

作者： Maria I.Toki Deepika Kumar Fahad S.Ahmed David l.Rimm Mina l.xu Department of Pathology Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510USA Department of Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510USA

Introduction:Benign lymph nodes have been considered the hubs of immune surveillance in cancer *** microenvironment of these lymphoid tissues can be immune suppressed,hence allowing for tumor *** the spectrum of benign findings in bystander lymph nodes in immune checkpoint blockade therapy could prove to be key to understanding the mechanism and assessing treatment ***:Benign lymph nodes and spleen were evaluated from patients treated with immunotherapy who subsequently received postmortem *** used quantitative immunofluorescence(QIF)to assess tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIl)and macrophage marker expression and characterized activation status using a novelmultiplexed QIF assay including CD3,GranzymeB,and *** performedimmunohistochemistry to correlate results of ***:Benign lymph nodes from non-responders to immunotherapy showed significantly higher expression of cytotoxic markers and proliferation index(Ki67)in T cells compared to *** expression of PD-l1 in macrophages was also *** was no significant difference in CD3+expression,but higher levels of CD8+T cells as well as CD20+B cells were seen in lymph nodes of *** significant differences were seen between responder and non-responder splenic *** were supported by traditional immunostaining ***:While most studies in biomarkers for immunotherapy focus on tumor microenvironment,we show that benign lymph node microenvironment may predict response to *** responding patients,bystander lymph nodes appear to have been mobilized,resulting in reduced cytotoxic T ***,patients whose disease progressed on immunotherapy demonstrate higher levels of macrophages that express increased PD-l1,and activated T cells not recruited to the tumor site.

关键词： response to immunotherapy lymph node microenvironment quantitative immunofluorescence

Interacting with α7 nAChR is a new mechanism for AChE to enhance the inflammatory response in macrophages

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第10期10卷 1926-1942,2020页

作者： Etta Y.l.liu Yingjie Xia Xiangpeng Kong Maggie S.S.Guo Anna X.D.Yu Brody Z.Y.Zheng Shinghung Mak Miranda l.xu Karl W.K.Tsim Key laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province College of Food ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518057China Division of life Science Center for Chinese Medicinethe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong kongChina

Acetylcholine(ACh)regulates inflammation viaα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7 nAChR).Acetylcholinesterase(AChE),an enzyme hydrolyzing ACh,is expressed in immune cells suggesting non-classical function in inflammatory ***,the expression of PRiMA-linked G4 AChE was identified on the surface of *** lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory processes,AChE was upregulated by the binding of NF-κB onto the ACHE ***,the overexpression of G4 AChE inhibited ACh-suppressed cytokine release and cell migration,which was in contrast to that of applied AChE ***,a DNA construct without enzymatic activity,was adopted to identify the protein role of AChE in immune *** of G4 AChEmt induced cell migration and inhibited ACh-suppressed cell *** co-localization ofα7 nAChR and AChE was found in macrophases,suggesting the potential interaction ofα7 nAChR and ***,immunoprecipitation showed a close association ofα7 nAChR and AChE protein in cell ***,the novel function of AChE in macrophage by interacting withα7 nAChR was *** with hydrolysis of ACh,AChE plays a direct role in the regulation of inflammatory *** such,AChE could serve as a novel target to treat age-related diseases by antiinflammatory responses.

关键词： Macrophage AChE Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway α7 nAChR

Preparation of Co/S co-doped carbon catalysts for excellent methylene blue degradation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 169-181页

作者： Haixu li Haobo He Tiannan Jiang Yunfei Du Zhichen Wu liang xu Xinjie Wang Xiaoguang liu Wanhua Yu Wendong xue School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Jinyu Tongda Refractory Technologies Co. Ltd.Beijing 100085China

S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts were prepared via pyrolysis of MOF-71 and thiourea mixtures at 800℃at a mass ratio of MOF-71 to thiourea of 1:0.1 to effectively activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for methylene blue(MB)*** effects of two different mixing routes were identified on the MB degradation ***,the catalyst obtained by the alcohol solvent evaporation(MOF-AEP)mixing route could degrade 95.60%MB(50 mg/l)within 4 min(degradation rate:K=0.78 min^(-1)),which was faster than that derived from the direct grinding method(MOF-DGP,80.97%,K=0.39 min^(-1)).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the Co-S content of MOF-AEP(43.39at%)was less than that of MOF-DGP(54.73at%),and the proportion of C-S-C in MOF-AEP(13.56at%)was higher than that of MOF-DGP(10.67at%).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of Co for PMS was -2.94 eV when sulfur was doped as C-S-C on the carbon skeleton,which was higher than that when sulfur was doped next to cobalt in the form of Co-S bond(-2.86 eV).Thus,the C-S-C sites might provide more contributions to activate PMS compared with ***,the degradation parameters,including pH and MOF-AEP dosage,were ***,radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)measurements revealed that ^(1)O_(2)might be the primary catalytic species,whereas·O~(2-)might be the secondary one in degrading MB.

关键词： advanced oxidation process alcohol solvent evaporation hydrogen bond S and Co co-doped carbon catalysts wastewater remediation

Prediction of mechanical properties for deep drawing steel by deep learning

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第1期30卷 156-165页

作者： Gang xu Jinshan He Zhimin lü Min li Jinwu xu Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Suzhou Baolian Heavy Industry Co. Suzhou 215131China

At present,iron and steel enterprises mainly use“after spot test ward”to control final product ***,it is impossible to realize on-line quality predetermining for all products by this traditional approach,hence claims and returns often occur,resulting in major eco-nomic losses of *** order to realize the on-line quality predetermining for steel products during manufacturing process,the predic-tion models of mechanical properties based on deep learning have been proposed in this ***,the mechanical properties of deep drawing steels were predicted by using lSTM(long short team memory),GRU(gated recurrent unit)network,and GPR(Gaussian process regression)model,and prediction accuracy and learning efficiency for different models were also ***,on-line re-learning methods for transfer learning models and model parameters were *** experimental results show that not only the prediction accuracy of optimized trans-fer learning models has been improved,but also predetermining time was shortened to meet real time requirements of on-line property *** industrial production data of interstitial-free(IF)steel was used to demonstrate that R2 value of GRU model in training stage reaches more than 0.99,and R2 value in testing stage is more than 0.96.

关键词： machine learning recurrent natural network transfer learning on-line prediction deep drawing steel mechanical properties

The crystal structure of fibroblast growth factor 18 （FGF18）

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Protein & Cell 2014年第5期5卷 343-347页

作者： Alan Brown lucy E.Adam Tom l.Blundell Department of Biochemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB2 1GAUK

Dear Editor, Fibroblast growth factors （FGFs） regulate a plethora of crit- ical processes in development （Beenken and Mohammadi, 2009）. These processes are mediated by signaling through four FGF receptors （FGFR1-4）, which are high-affinity cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. Receptors 1-3 undergo alternative splicing to generate b- and c-isoforms with altered ligand specificities and affinities. ligand to receptor binding is not unique and one receptor can be activated by several FGFs. Heparan sulfate （HS） proteoglycan, a variably poly- sulfated glycosaminoglycan related to heparin, is an essential requirement for FGF signaling with FGFs varying in their specificities for different HS sulfation patterns （Galla- gher et al., 1992）.

关键词： crystal fibroblast FGF18

Boundary element method (BEM) applied to the rough surface contact vs. BEM in computational mechanics

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Friction 2019年第4期7卷 359-371页

作者： Yang xu Robert l.JACKSON Mechanical Engineering Department Auburn University

In the numerical study of rough surfaces in contact problem, the flexible body beneath the roughness is commonly assumed as a half-space or a half-plane. The surface displacement on the boundary, the displacement components and state of stress inside the half-space can be determined through the convolution of the traction and the corresponding influence function in a closed-form. The influence function is often represented by the Boussinesq-Cerruti solution and the Flamant solution for three-dimensional elasticity and plane strain/stress, respectively. In this study, we rigorously show that any numerical model using the above mentioned half-space solution is a special form of the boundary element method(BEM). The boundary integral equations(BIEs) in the BEM is simplified to the Flamant solution when the domain is strictly a half-plane for the plane strain/stress condition. Similarly, the BIE is degraded to the Boussinesq-Cerruti solution if the domain is strictly a half-space. Therefore, the numerical models utilizing these closed-form influence functions are the special BEM where the domain is a half-space(or a half-plane). This analytical work sheds some light on how to accurately simulate the non-half-space contact problem using the BEM.

关键词： boundary element method rough surface contact half-space half-plane Flamant solution Boussinesq-Cerruti solution