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Discrimination of background events in the PolarLight X-ray polarimeter

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 202-206页

作者： Jiahuan Zhu Hong Li Hua Feng Jiahui Huang Xiangyun Long Qiong Wu Weichun Jiang Massimo Minuti Saverio Citraro Hikmat Nasimi Dongxin Yang Jiandong Yu Ge Jin Ming Zeng Peng An luca baldini Ronaldo Bellazzini Alessandro Brez luca Latronico Carmelo Sgrò Gloria Spandre Michele Pinchera Fabio Muleri Paolo Soffitta Enrico Costa Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China INFN-Pisa Largo B.Pontecorvo 356127 PisaItaly School of Electronic and Information Engineering Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211China North Night Vision Technology Co. Ltd.Nanjing 211106China INFN Sezione di TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 11-10125 TorinoItaly IAPS/INAF Via Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133 RomeItaly

PolarLight is a space-borne X-ray polarimeter that measures the X-ray polarization via electron tracking in an ionization chamber.It is a collimated instrument and thus suffers from the background on the whole detector plane.The majority of background events are induced by high energy charged particles and show ionization morphologies distinct from those produced by X-rays of interest.Comparing on-source and off-source observations,we find that the two datasets display different distributions on image properties.The boundaries between the source and background distributions are obtained and can be used for background discrimination.Such a means can remove over 70%of the background events measured with PolarLight.This approaches the theoretical upper limit of the background fraction that is removable and justifies its effectiveness.For observations with the Crab nebula,the background contamination decreases from 25%to 8%after discrimination,indicative of a polarimetric sensitivity of around 0.2 Crab for PolarLight.This work also provides insights into future X-ray polarimetric telescopes.

关键词： instrumentation:polarimeters methods:data analysis X-rays:general

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The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第2期62卷 3-27页

作者： ShuangNan Zhang Andrea Santangelo Marco Feroci YuPeng Xu FangJun Lu Yong Chen Hua Feng Shu Zhang Sφren Brandt Margarita Hernanz luca baldini Enrico Bozzo Riccardo Campana Alessandra De Rosa YongWei Dong Yuri Evangelista Vladimir Karas Norbert Meidinger Aline Meuris Kirpal Nandra Teng Pan Giovanni Pareschi Piotr Orleanski QiuShi Huang Stephane Schanne Giorgia Sironi Daniele Spiga Jiri Svoboda Gianpiero Tagliaferri Christoph Tenzer Andrea Vacchi Silvia Zane Dave Walton ZhanShan Wang Berend Winter Xin Wu Jean J.M.in't Zand Mahdi Ahangarianabhari Giovanni Ambrosi Filippo Ambrosino Marco Barbera Stefano Basso Jörg Bayer Ronaldo Bellazzini Pierluigi Bellutti Bruna Bertucci Giuseppe Bertuccio Giacomo Borghi XueLei Cao Franck Cadoux Francesco Ceraudo TianXiang Chen Yu Peng Chen Jerome Chevenez Marta Civitani Wei Cui WeiWei Cui Thomas Dauser Ettore Del Monte Sergio Di Cosimo Sebastian Diebold Victor Doroshenko Michal Dovciak YuanYuan Du Lorenzo Ducci QingMei Fan Yannick Favre Fabio Fuschino JoséLuis Ga'lvez Min Gao MingYu Ge Olivier Gevin Marco Grassi QuanYing Gu YuDong Gu DaWei Han Bin Hong Wei Hu Long Ji ShuMei Jia WeiChun Jiang Thomas Kennedy Ingo Kreykenbohm Irfan Kuvvetli Claudio Labanti luca Latronico Gang Li MaoShun Li Xian Li Wei Li ZhengWei Li Olivier Limousin HongWei Liu XiaoJing Liu Bo Lu Tao Luo Daniele Macera Piero Malcovati Adrian Martindale Malgorzata Michalska Bin Meng Massimo Minuti Alfredo Morbidini Fabio Muleri Stephane Paltani Emanuele Perinati Antonino Picciotto Claudio Piemonte JinLu Qu Alexandre Rachevski Irina Rashevskaya Jerome Rodriguez Thomas Schanz ZhengXiang Shen LiZhi Sheng JiangBo Song LiMing Song Carmelo Sgro Liang Sun Ying Tan Phil Uttley Bo Wang DianLong Wang GuoFeng Wang Juan Wang LangPing Wang YuSa Wang Anna L.Watts XiangYang Wen Jörn Wilms ShaoLin Xiong JiaWei Yang Sheng Yang YanJi Yang Nian Yu WenDa Zhang Gianluigi Zampa Nicola Zampa Andrzej A.Zdziarski AiMei Zhang ChengMo Zhang Fan Zhang Long Zhang Tong Zhang Yi Zhang XiaoLi Zhang ZiLiang Zhang BaoSheng Zhao ShiJie Zheng Yu Peng Zhou Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Eberhard Karls Universität INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INFN-Roma Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 Department of Engineering Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University DTU Building 327DK-2800 Kongens Institute of Space Sciences 08193 Cerdanyola del Valles Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya Sezione di Pisa Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareLargo Bruno Pontecorvo3 Department of Astronomy University of Genevachemin d’Ecogia 16 Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza Dello Spazio di Bologna Istituto Nazionale di Astofisica Astronomical Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Giessenbachstr.1 CEA Paris-Saclay/IRFU Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering CAST Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera Istituto Nazionale di Astofisica Space Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Advanced Material Microstructure of Education Ministry of China Institute of Precision Optical EngineeringSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji University Department of Physics and Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Universita’degli Studi di Udine Via delle Scienze 206 Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics University of Geneva SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research Politecnico di Milano Sezione di Perugia Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Fondazione Bruno Kessler Dr.Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University of Pavia Department of ElectronicsInformation and Biomedical Engineering and INFN Pavia Sezione di Torino Istituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareVia Pietro Giuria1 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester Sezione di Trieste Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.

关键词： X-ray instrumentation X-ray polarimetry X-ray timing space mission:eXTP

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Probing the internal structure of baryons

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National Science Review 2021年第11期8卷 54-61页

作者： Guangshun Huang Rinaldo baldini Ferroli BESⅢ Collaboration Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electromagnetic form factors are fundamental observables that describe the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons and provide keys to understand the strong interaction. At the Beijing Spectrometer(BESⅢ),form factors have been measured for different baryons in the time-like region for the first time or with the best precision. The results are presented with examples focused on but not limited to the proton/neutron,the, with a strange quark, and the c, with a charm quark.

关键词： baryon structure form factor threshold effect abnormal production

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中子的内部结构:来自BESIII的研究

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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 557-560页

作者： Simone Pacetti Rinaldo baldini Ferroli Andrea Bianconi Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia and INFN Sezione di Perugia1-06123 PerugiaItaly Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN 1-00044 FrascatiItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione Brescia1-25133 BresciaItaly INFN Sezione di Pavia1-27100 PaviaItaly DPhN IRFUCEAUniversitéParis-Saclay1-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance

The BESⅢCollaboration has recently published a new precise measurement of the time-like neutron form factor(FF)[1].In the light of the remarkable accuracy and of the wideness of the explored kinematical range,these data represent an unprecedented tool for highlighting and studying specific features of the neutron FF.Until a few years ago,the only available data were those obtained by the FENICE experiment at Frascati,in the’90s[2].

关键词： BESⅢ precise

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BABAR measurement of baryon time-like form factors via initial state radiation

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 860-862页

作者： R.baldini Ferroli Enrico Fermi Center INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

BABAR has measured with unprecedented accuracy the e^＋e^- → pp and e^＋e^- →∧∧ cross sections by means of the initial state radiation technique, which has the advantages of good efficiency, good energy resolution and full angular acceptance, even exactly at threshold. A peculiar feature of these cross sections is their non-vanishing values at threshold. In the case of charged baryons, this phenomenon is expected according to the Coulomb interaction between the outgoing baryon and antibaryon. Once this Coulomb enhancement factor is taken into account, the striking result is achieved that the proton form factor at threshold is ｜GP（4Mp^2）｜ = 1, that is what is expected for pointlike fermion pairs, in spite of the proton structure. However a Coulomb enhancement factor is not expected for neutral fermions, likely in contradiction with the BABAR data. Qualitatively this behaviour is consistent with Coulomb interactions at the valence quark level.

关键词： baryon form factor Initial state radiation BABAR

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Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Multifunctionalized Substituted Alkynes to Quinolinone Derivatives under Mild Conditions

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2023年第23期41卷 3223-3228页

作者： Aleksandr Voronov Francesco Pancrazzi Ana Maria Constantin Raimondo Maggi Raffaella Mancuso Bartolo Gabriele Diego Olivieri Carla Carfagna Alessandro Casnati Francesco Rispoli Laura baldini Nicola Della Ca Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA)University of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze17/A43124 Parma (PR)Italy Center for Energy and Environment (CIDEA) University of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 181/A43124 Parma (PR)Italy Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC) Department of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci 12/C87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenza (CS)Italy Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”Piazza Rinascimento 661029 Urbino (PU)Italy Department of Industrial Chemistry “T.Montanari” University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136 Bologna (BO)Italy

A highly selective palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of 2-alkynylanilines bearing an amide moiety to condensed six-membered heterocyclic structures has been developed under mild conditions(room temperature and atmospheric pressure of CO).The carbonylative protocol is also compatible with CO surrogates,such as benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate(TFBen)or the newly developed calix[6]arenes functionalized with six formate groups(CLX[6]CO),which are both capable to release CO in situ.A series of tricyclic fused heterocycles containing the important oxazino-quinolinone scaffold have been selectively obtained(only the 6-endo-dig cyclization mode has been observed)in good to excellent yields(up to 99%).

关键词： Pd-catalysis Carbonylation Alkynes CO surrogates 6-endo-dig Calixarenes C1 building blocks Domino reactions

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Use of programmed cell death protein ligand 1 assay to predict the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第4期8卷 320-328页

作者： Carmelo Tibaldi Alice Lunghi Editta baldini Division of Oncology Department of OncologyS. Luca Hospital

The recent discovery of immune checkpoints inhibitors, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and anti-programmed cell death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies, has opened new scenarios in the management of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and this new class of drugs has achieved a rapid development in the treatment of this disease. However, considering the costs of these drugs and the fact that only a subset of patients experience long-term disease control, the identification of predictive biomarkers for the selection of candidates suitable for treatment has become a priority. The research focused mainly on the expression of the PD-L1 receptor on both tumor cells and/or immune infiltrates determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC). However, different checkpoint inhibitors were tested, different IHC assays were used, different targets were considered(tumor cells, immune infiltrates or both) and different expression thresholds were employed in clinical trials. In some trials the assay was used prospectively to select the patients, while in other trials it was evaluated retrospectively. Some confusion emerges, which makes it difficult to easily compare the literature data and to translate them in practice management. This mini-review shows the possibilities and pitfalls of the PD-L1 expression to predict the activity and efficacy of anti PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of NSCLC.

关键词： Predictive biomarkers Immunotherapy Checkpoint inhibitors Programmed cell death protein ligand 1 Non-small cell lung cancer

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The Cruelty of Love

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新美术 2022年第3期 2-2页

作者： Baccio baldini

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Neurological disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8764-8782页

作者： Giovanni Casella Gian Eugenio Tontini Gabrio Bassotti luca Pastorelli Vincenzo Villanacci Luisa Spina Vittorio baldini Maurizio Vecchi Medical Department Desio Hospital Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Policlinico San Donato 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy Gastroenterology Section Department of Medicine University of Perugia Medical School Department of Biomedical Sciences for the Health University of Milan Institute of Pathology Spedali Civili 25123 Brescia Italy

Extraintestinal manifestations occur in about one-third of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and may precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms by many years. Neurologic disorders associated with IBD are not frequent, being reported in 3% of patients, but they often represent an important cause of morbidity and a relevant diagnostic issue. In addition, the increasing use of immunosuppressant and biological therapies for IBD may also play a pivotal role in the development of neurological disorders of different type and pathogenesis. Hence, we provide a complete and profound review of the main features of neurological complications associated with IBD, with particular reference to those related to drugs and with a specific focus on their clinical presentation and possible pathophysiological mechanisms.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn’s disease Ulcera

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Is hyperhomocysteinemia relevant in patients with celiac disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第24期17卷 2941-2944页

作者： Giovanni Casella Gabrio Bassotti Vincenzo Villanacci Camillo Di Bella Fabio Pagni Gian Luigi Corti Giuseppe Sabatino Mara Piatti Vittorio baldini Division of Internal Medicine Desio General Hospital Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineOspedale Santa Maria della Misericordia 2nd Pathology Section Spedali Civili Pathology Unit Desio General Hospital Endoscopy Unit Division of SurgeryDesio General Hospital Laboratory Medicine Unit Desio General Hospital

AIM:To investigate whether this might be related to the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia.RESULTS:Hyperhomocysteinemia was evident in 32 patients(19.3%),although most of them had moderate levels(mean value 25 mcg/ml;range 15-30).Only one patient had a history of myocardial infarction(heterozygosis for N5-N10-metil tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation).CONCLUSION:The systematic assessment of hyperhomocysteinemia seems,at present,unjustified in CD patients.

关键词：高同型半胱氨酸血症患者腹腔疾病平均年龄心肌梗死基因突变四氢叶酸

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