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THEORY AND METHOD FOR WETLAND BOUNDARY DELINEATION

Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第1期16卷 56-62页

作者： YIN Shu-bai lu xian-guo Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroeeology Chinese Aeademy of Seiences Changchun 130012 P. R. China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China

Based on the analysis of the subjectivity of wetland boundary criteria and their causes at present, this paper suggested that, under the condition that the mechanism of wetland formation process has not been understood, "black box" method of System Theory can be used to delineate wetland boundaries scientifically. After analyzing the difference of system construction among aquatic habitats, wetlands and uplands, the lower limit of rooted plants was chosen as the lower boundary criterion of wetlands. Because soil diagnostic horizon is the result of the long-term interaction among all environments, and it is less responsive than vegetation to short-term change, soil diagnostic horizon was chosen as the indicator to delineate wetland upper boundary, which lies at the thinning-out point of soil diagnostic horizon. Case study indicated that it was feasible using the lower limit of rooted plants and the thinning-out point of soil diagnostic horizon as criteria to delineate the lower and upper boundaries of wetland. In the study area, the thinning-out line of albic horizon was coincident with the 55.74m contour line, the maximum horizon error was less than 1m, and the maximum vertical error less than 0.04m. The problem on wetland definition always arises on the boundaries. Having delineated wetland boundaries, wetlands can be defined as follows: wetlands are the transitional zones between uplands and deepwater habitats, they are a kind of azonal complex that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water, with the lower boundary lying at the lower limit of rooted plants, and the upper boundary at the thinning-out line of upland soil diagnostic horizon.

关键词： wetland boundary "black box" method soil diagnostic horizon thinning-out point (line) wetland definition

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CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVATING PATTERNS ON PROPERTIES OF ALBIC SOIL IN SANJIANG PLAIN

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 133-140页

作者： YUAN Zhao-hua lu xian-guo ZHOU Jia Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changrhun 130012 P. R. China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 P. R. China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China College of Life and Environment Science Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 P. R. China

This paper studied the cumulative effects of different cultivating patterns on the properties of albic soils in the Sanjiang Plain using correlation analysis. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the albic soil changed greatly when it was cultivated as farmland. As for physical properties of the soil, bulk density and specific gravity increased gradually, the porosity and field capacity decreased gradually year by year, but they increased after being abandoned. As for chemical properties, pH increased, organic matter and other nutrients decreased with increasing of the cultivating years. For the albic soil cultivated with forage, the cumulative effects were apparently strengthened with the increase of cultivating years, especially for the bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity and capillary moisture capacity. Moreover, fertilization also had great effects on the albic soil. Applying magnetism ferti- lizer improved the physical properties such as bulk density, soil moisture and porosity, raised the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Compared with nutrient fertilizer, utilization of the magnetism fertilizer made production increase by 5.9%-13.9%. At the same time, using organic material and loosing the albic layer could improve not only the physical, chemical and biological properties of the cultivating layer, but also the ill properties of the albic layer, thus making organic carbon and heavy fraction carbon contents increase, and biological activity increase obviously.

关键词： cultivating pattern albic soil soil property Sanjiang Plain

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Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic carbon in annular wetland soil-water solutions through soil profiles in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1074-1078页

作者： XI Min lu xian-guo LI Yue KONG Fan-long Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 China. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Overwhelming evidence reveals that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） have increased in streams which brings negative environmental impacts. DOC in stream flow is mainly originated from soil-water solutions of watershed. Wetlands prove to be the most sensitive areas as an important DOC reserve between terrestrial and fluvial biogeosystems. This reported study was focused on the distribution characteristics and the controlling factors of DOC in soil-water solutions of annular wetland, i.e., a dishing wetland and a forest wetland together, in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results indicate that DOC concentrations in soilwater solutions decreased and then increased with increasing soil depth in the annular wetland. In the upper soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, DOC concentrations in soil-water solutions linearly increased from edge to center of the annular wetland （R^2 = 0.3122 and R^2 = 0.443）. The distribution variations were intimately linked to DOC production and utilization and DOC transport processes in annular wetland soil-water solutions. The concentrations of total organic carbon （TOC）, total carbon （TC） and Fe（II）, DOC mobility and continuous vertical and lateral flow affectext the distribution variations of DOC in soil-water solutions. The correlation coefficients between DOC concentrations and TOC, TC and Fe（II） were 0.974, 0.813 and 0.753 respectively. These distribution characteristics suggested a systematic response of the distribution variations of DOC in annular wetland soil-water solutions to the geometry of closed depressions on a scale of small catchments. However, the DOC in soil pore water of the annular wetland may be the potential source of DOC to stream flow on watershed scale. These observations also implied the fragmentation of wetland landscape could bring the spatial-temporal variations of DOC distribution and exports, which would bring negative environmental impacts in watersheds of the Sanjiang Plain.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon (DOC) distribution characteristics annular wetland soil-water solutions Sanjiang Plain

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Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation of Wetland Soil Quality Degradation:A Case Study on the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 756-764页

作者： WANG Jian-Hua lu xian-guo JIANG Ming LI Xiao-Yan TIAN Jing-Han State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 (China) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130012 (China) Hebei Cangzhou Teachers College Cangzhou 061001 (China) College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing NoT-real University Beijing 100875 (China)

Wetland soil quality degradation caused by large-scale agricultural reclamation on the Sanjiang Plain of Northeast China has been widely reported. A relative soil quality evaluation (RSQE) model and a projection pursuit evaluation (PPE) model based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm were introduced to evaluate quality variations in top layers of the main wetland soils on the Sanjiang Plain in 1999 and 2003, respectively. As soil quality degradation boundaries were vague, this study established two fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) models based on the original data and criteria used in the RSQE and PPE models. The outputs of the two FSE models were obtained by choosing two fuzzy composite operators M(∧, ∨) and M(·, ⊕). Statistical analysis showed that the results of the FSE, RSQE, and PPE models were correlated. In particular, outputs of the FSE model using M(·, ⊕) were significantly correlated with those of the RSQE model with r = 0.989 at P luating soil quality degradation. However, the choice of composite operator was of critical importance. The study of wetland soil quality degradation on the Sanjiang Plain was of scientific and practical significance for protection and management of soils and for sustainable development of agriculture in this area in the future.

关键词： fuzzy composite operator model soil protection and management sustainable development of agriculture

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WETLANDS IN CHINA: FEATURE, VAluE AND PROTECTION

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Chinese Geographical Science 2000年第4期10卷 9-14页

作者： lu xian-guo LIU Hong-yu YANG Qing Changchun Institute of Geography the Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130021P.R.China

The estimated total area of wetland in China is more than 25.9 million hectares including about 11.9 million hectares of marshes and bogs, 9.1 million hectares of lake and about 2.2 million hectares of coastal salt marshes and mudflats. The area of wetland is equivalent to 2.7％ of the land surface. China also has 2.7 million hectares of shallow sea water (less 5m in depth at low tide). Marshes and bogs are equivalent 1.3％ of the land surface. Only three provinces(regions)— Qinghai, Xizang (Tibet)and Heilongjiang— have a larger total area of marsh and bog. According to the structure, type and development of wetland in different river basins, wetland can be classified nine main regions. The experiments indicate that the coefficient of the marsh to regulate flood is similar to that of lakes. Wetlands occupy 17.8％ of the Sanjiang Plain area, the annual carbon contribution is 0.78× 104t. Carbon released from marsh soil return into atmosphere is 3.95× 106t/a. At present there is a sharp contradiction between population growth and natural resources shortage, causing wetland to be exerted with huge pressures and serious threats.

关键词： wetland wetland distribution wetland protection ecosystem service China

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Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2000年第3期12卷 361-366页

作者： LIU Hong\|yu, lu xian\|guo, LIU Zhen\|qian (Changchun Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China) 中科院长春地理所吉林长春 1 3 0 0 2

Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this *** showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.

关键词： landscape planning ecology construction wetland protected area

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Adsorption and Desorption of Ammonium in Wetland Soils Subject to Freeze-Thaw Cycles

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Pedosphere 2011年第2期21卷 251-258页

作者： YU Xiao-Fei ZHANG Yu-Xia ZOU Yuan-Chun ZHAO Hong-Mei lu xian-guo WANG guo-Ping Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changehun 130012 (China) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

Nitrogen （N） cycling in boreal peatland ecosystems may be influenced in important ways by freeze-thaw cycles （FTCs）. Adsorption and desorption of ammonium ions （NH4＋） were examined in a controlled laboratory experiment for soils sampled from palustrine wetland, riverine wetland, and farmland reclaimed from natural wetland in response to the number of FTCs. The results indicate that freeze-thaw significantly increased the adsorption capacity of NH： and reduced the desorption potential of NH4＋ in the wetland soils. There were significant differences in the NH4＋ adsorption amount between the soils with and without freeze-thaw treatment. The adsorption amount of NH4＋ increased with increasing FTCs. The palustrine wetland soil had a greater adsorption capacity and a weaker desorption potential of NH4＋ than the riverine wetland soil because of the significantly higher clay content and cation exchange capacity （CEC） of the riverine wetland soil. Because of the altered soil physical and chemical properties and hydroperiods, the adsorption capacity of NH4＋ was smaller in the farmland soil than in the wetland soils, while the desorption potential of the farmland soil was higher than that of the wetland soils. Thus, wetland reclamation would decrease adsorption capacity and increase desorption potential of NH4＋, which could result in N loss from the farmland soil. FTCs might mitigate N loss from soils and reduce the risk of water pollution in downstream ecosystems.

关键词： cation exchange capacity clay content farmland hydroperiod N loss

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ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AT HONGHE NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE

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湿地科学 2004年第2期2卷 145-152页

作者： LIU Zheng-Mao lu xian-guo ZHAO Chun-Hui ZHAO Yan-Bo QI Han-Qiang CollegeofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering HarbinInstituteofTechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang150090China NortheastInstituteofGeographyandAgriculturalEcology CASChangchunJilin130012China HeilongjiangAgriculturalReclamationSurvey DesignandResearchInstituteJiamusiHeilongjiang154002China

A detailed assessment on water resources of HNNR is to find the changing rules in time and space scale of water resources of HNNR and its adjacent areas, and the generating and degrading factors of wetland and provide scientific base on restoring and managing the hydrologic regime for planning and designing at HNNR. Both the assessment area and its adjacent watershed of Bielahong River belong to the same region in the climate and surface features. Total of 46 years of serial data from 1956 2001 in the Bielahong Hydrology Station was employed. Typical analysis of the serial runoff was conducted by adopting the residual mass curve method. The calculation methods of hydrological parameters are valuable for analyzing the water balance of HNNR. The results showed that the inputs of 118.29×10 6 m 3 of the surface runoff and 1 478km 2 of the areas of natural watershed in HNNR were decreased. At the same time some measurements to control and prevent water resources decreased have been proposed.

关键词：洪河生态系统水资源生态环境环境保护

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STUDY ON WETLAND RESOURCES IN DELTASAROUND BOHAI SEA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 151-158页

作者： LIU Zhen-qian LIU Hong-yu lu xian-guo(Changchun Institute of Geography the Chinese Academy of Scicnces, Changchan 130021, P.R. China) Changchun Institute of Geography the Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China

Based on the data of wetlands in Huanghe delta and Liaohe delta which were go by the combination of Remote Sensing(RS), Geographical Information System(GIS) and Global Position System(GPS), the paper discusses the sindlarities and differences of wetlands in the two regions by comparing them in composition, distribuhon, spatial pattern of landscape and ecology. Problems in using and conserving weiland resources are shown in the paper, which aimto provide basis for the further study on the landscape ecology, function, and sustainable use of weilands in the deltas. The study shows that the wedands in the two deltas are characterized by peat variety of weiland types, distribution with the shape of strip, abundant resources of wild plants and animals, intense effects of human activities on the structure of the landscapes, broad prospects for development and great environmental pressure. It is necessary to successfull solve the contradiction between development and protection. At present, the most pressing matter of the moment is to protect environment and control pollution.

关键词： Huanghe delta Liaohe delta wetlands resource classification system

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我国社会制度模式及发展趋向初探

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湖南师范大学社会科学学报 2007年第5期36卷 95-99页

作者：卢国显中国人民公安大学治安系北京100038

我国改革前的社会发展目标是追求单一的社会发展指标,属地管理和二元结构是其主要特征,城市保护主义或城市意识成为文化模式的主要特点。改革后的社会目标经历了两次飞跃,和谐社会成为制度创新的主要影响因素。因此制度选择的重要举措... 详细信息

我国改革前的社会发展目标是追求单一的社会发展指标,属地管理和二元结构是其主要特征,城市保护主义或城市意识成为文化模式的主要特点。改革后的社会目标经历了两次飞跃,和谐社会成为制度创新的主要影响因素。因此制度选择的重要举措就是在和谐社会理念指导下,从社会发展目标、文化模式、制度体系等方面进行社会制度模式的创新。

关键词：社会发展目标文化模式制度模式属地管理和谐社会

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