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Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Frontiers in Energy 2015年第2期9卷 162-169页

作者： Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ISHAK lsmail ab raman Mohd Ambar YARMO Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Scienceand Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi 43600Malaysia Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD) MalaysianPalm Oil Board (MPOB) 6 Persiaran Institusi Bandar Baru BangiKajang 43000 Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering Faculty ofEngineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

This paper aims to develop a new microemul- sions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester （PME） that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel micro- emulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfaetants and water to make the water-in-oil （W/O） microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% （w/w）（B10）, 20% （w/w）（B20）, 30% （w/w）（B30） and neat diesel （B0）. The amount of water was fixed at 20% （w/w）. The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80：20 at 20% （w/w）, and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25：75, 20：80 and 10：90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40℃, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour pointand flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm （polydispersity of 0.012）, 12.86mm^2/s, 1.435, 0.8913g/mL, 31.87MJ/kg, 7.15℃, 10.5℃ and 46.5℃ respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel@ME selected were 20.72nm to 23.74nm, 13.02mme/s to 13.29mmZ/s, 1.442, 0.8939g/mL to 0.8990g/mL, 31.45MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2℃ to 6.8℃, 8.5℃ to 1.5℃ and 47.5℃ to 52.0℃. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

关键词： palm methyl ester palm oil biodiesel micro-emulsion water mieroemulsified fuels

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Anemia among Antenatal Mother in Urban Malaysia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第3期3卷 6-11页

作者： Kim Lam Soh Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit Salimah Japar Soh Kim Geok Norhaslinda Binti ab Rahman Rosna abdul raman Nursing Unit Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicines and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia Department of Sport Studies Faculty of Education Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia Hospital Ampang Pandan Mewah Ampang Selangor Malaysia

An understanding of factors influencing haemoglobin (Hb) level among antenatal mothers can help healthcare providers assess, take appropriate action and manage anaemia in this risk group more effectively. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban areas in Malaysia to determine the Hb levels of antenatal mothers and their association with various socio-economic characteristics. Data for this study were collected from pregnant women during their first antenatal check-up at three selected polyclinics in Malaysia. Anaemia in pregnancy was determined by the Hb level recorded during the first and the last antenatal visits. Determination of Hb was either by a photo calorimetric method or by the Sahliís method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the factors influencing Hb level among the antenatal mothers. This study found that 73 out of 217 mothers (33%) were anaemic in that their Hb levels were below 11.00 g/dl. The findings also suggested that Hb levels among the antenatal mothers were influenced by various factors such as education level, occupation, and family income. Anaemia was generally more common among antenatal mothers who had a lower level of education and who were from a background of lower family income.

关键词： Antenatal Mothers Pregnant Women Haemoglobin Anemia Maternal Malaysia

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Effects of coat colour genes on body measurements, heat tolerance traits and haematological parameters in West African Dwarf sheep

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第4期3卷 280-284页

作者： John S. Decampos Christian O. N. Ikeobi Olajide Olowofeso Olusiji F. Smith Matthew A. Adeleke Mathew Wheto David O. Ogunlakin abubakar A. Mohammed Timothy M. Sanni Babatunde A. Ogunfuye raman A. Lawal Adeyemi S. Adenaike Samuel A. Amusan Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Animal Physiology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria

With 178 West African Dwarf sheep aged 1 to 3 years, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of coat colour genes on body measurements, heat tolerance traits and haematological parameters. Body measurements considered included body length, hair length, ear length, hip width, tail length, height at withers, rump height, fore cannon bone length, chest depth, heart girth and body weight. Heat tolerance traits considered were skin temperature, rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin cell (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), mean platelets volume (MPV), platelets distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrits (PCT). Results showed that coat colour gene (CCG) had significant (P ab) having the least value (11.50 ± 0.62 L). The Bb had the highest value (5.60 ± 0.00 fL) for MPV and ab had the least value (4.70 ± 0.15 fL). Sheep with Bb and ab were found to withstand heat stress better than others.

关键词： Coat Colour Gene Haematological Parameters Morphological Indices Sheep

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