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Scaling limits of interacting diffusions in domains

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2014年第4期9卷 717-736页

作者： Zhen-Qing CHEN Wai-Tong (louis) FAN Department of Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

We survey recent effort in establishing the hydrodynamic limits and the fluctuation limits for a class of interacting diffusions in domains. These systems are introduced to model the transport of positive and negative charges in solar cells. They are general microscopic models that can be used to describe macroscopic phenomena with coupled boundary conditions, such as the popula- tion dynamics of two segregated species under competition. Proving these two types of limits represents establishing the functional law of large numbers and the functional central limit theorem, respectively, for the empirical measures of the spatial positions of the particles. We show that the hydrodynamic limit is a pair of deterministic measures whose densities solve a coupled nonlinear heat equations, while the fluctuation limit can be described by a Gaussian Markov process that solves a stochastic partial differential equation.

关键词： Hydrodynamic limit fluctuation interacting diffusion reflecteddiffusion Dirichlet form non-linear boundary condition coupled partiMdifferential equation martingales stochastic partial differential equation,Guassian process

The Séchilienne (France) Landslide:a Non-typical Progressive Failure Implying Major Risks

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 117-123页

作者： Jean-louis DURVILLE Christophe BONNARD Pierre POTHERAT Conseil général de l'environnement et du développement durable Paris France Independent expert PBBG SA Lausanne Switzerland Centred'études techniques de l'équipement Lyon France

The National Road RN 91 has been threatened for about twenty-five years by a huge landslide, located 25 km south-east to the town of Grenoble (France). If several million cubic meters of rock fall down, the debris will dam the valley. Then the failure of the dam by overtopping and rapid erosion might result in a catastrophic flood and dramatic consequences for human life, environment and economy throughout the valley. The paper presents the hazard assessment based on geological and hydrological surveys, including small scale hydraulic tests, as well as the risk evaluation that has been performed. The risk management relies first upon a high level monitoring and an emergency plan; various mitigation strategies have been considered.

关键词： Landslide Progressive failure Séchilienne France

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7416-7423页

作者： Marie Céline Zanella Terrier Martine louis Simonet Philippe Bichard Jean louis Frossard Service of General Internal Medicine Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland

Clostridium difficile infections(CDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial *** effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are *** the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of ***,CDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent CDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in CDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic *** is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent *** the first reported use of FMT for recurrent CDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic *** article focuses on current guidelines for CDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in CDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability.

关键词： Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile recurrence Fecal microbiota transplantation Stool transplantation Microbiota

Recent insights into androgen action on the anatomical and physiological substrate of penile erection

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第1期8卷 3-9页

作者： louis J.G.Gooren Farid Saad Department of Endocrinology Andrology SectionVrije Universiteit Medical Center1007 MB AmsterdamThe Netherlands Gulf Medical College Medical University of theUnited Arab Emirates2563 Ajman UAE Andrology DepartmentSchering AG13342 BerlinGermany

Erectile response is centrally and peripherally regulated by androgens. The original insights into the mechanisms of action of androgens were that androgens particularly exert effects on libido and that erections in response to erotic stimuli were relatively androgen-independent. It was shown that sexual functions in men required androgen levels at the low end of reference values of testosterone. So it seemed that testosterone was not useful treatment for men with erectile difficulties, particularly following the advent of the phosphodiesterase type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors. However, approximately 50% of those treated with PDE5 inhibitors discontinue their treatment. A number of recent developments shed new light on testosterone treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in aging men. （1） A recent insight is that, in contrast to younger men, elderly men might require higher levels of testosterone for normal sexual functioning. （2） Several studies have indicated that PDE5 inhibitors are not always sufficient to restore erectile potency in men, and that testosterone improves the therapeutical response to PDE5 inhibitors considerably. （3） There is growing insight that testosterone has profound effects on tissues of the penis involved in the mechanism of erection and that testosterone deficiency impairs the anatomical and physiological substrate of erectile capacity, reversible upon androgen replacement. The synthesis of PDE5 is upregulated by androgens, and the arterial inflow into the penis is improved by giving androgen. The above invites a re-examination of the merits of giving testosterone to aging men with ED. The beneficial effects of PDE5 inhibitors may only be optimally expressed in a eugonadal environment. （Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8： 3-9）

关键词： testosterone erection corpus cavernosum phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

Employment of Jacobian elliptic functions for solving problems in nonlinear dynamics of microtubules

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第2期23卷 178-182页

作者： Slobodan Zekovi Annamalai Muniyappan Slobodan Zdravkovi louis Kavitha Institut za nuklearne nauke Vina Laboratorija za atomsku fiziku 040Univerzitet u Beogradu Department of Physics Periyar University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Periyar University

We show how Jacobian elliptic functions （JEFs） can be used to solve ordinary differential equations （ODEs） describing the nonlinear dynamics of microtubules （MTs）. We demonstrate that only one of the JEFs can be used while the remaining two do not represent the solutions of the crucial differential equation. We show that a kinkbtype soliton moves along MTs. Besides this solution, we also discuss a few more solutions that may or may not have physical meanings. Finally, we show what kind of ODE can be solved by using JEFs.

关键词： Jacobian elliptic functions ordinary differential equations microtubules kink soliton

Rock brittleness indices and their applications to different fields of rock engineering:A review

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 221-247页

作者： Fanzhen Meng louis Ngai Yuen Wong Hui Zhou College of Science Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266033China Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Brittleness is an important parameter controlling the mechanical behavior and failure characteristics of rocks under loading and unloading conditions,such as fracability,cutability,drillability and rockburst *** such,it is of high practical value to correctly evaluate rock ***,the definition and measurement method of rock brittleness have been very diverse and not yet been *** this paper,the definitions of rock brittleness are firstly reviewed,and several representative definitions of rock brittleness are identified and briefly *** development and role of rock brittleness in different fields of rock engineering are also *** brittleness indices publicly available in rock mechanics literature are compiled,and the measurement method,applicability and limitations of some indices are *** results show that(1)the large number of brittleness indices and brittleness definitions is attributed to the different foci on the rock behavior when it breaks;(2)indices developed in one field usually are not directly applicable to other fields;and(3)the term“brittleness”is sometimes misused,and many empirically-obtained brittleness indices,which lack theoretical basis,fail to truly reflect rock *** the basis of this review,three measurement methods are identified,i.e.(1)elastic deformation before fracture,(2)shape of post-peak stressestrain curves,and(3)methods based on fracture mechanics theory,which have the potential to be further refined and unified to become the standard measurement methods of rock *** is highly beneficial for the rock mechanics community to develop a robust definition of rock *** study will undoubtedly provide a comprehensive timely reference for selecting an appropriate brittleness index for their applications,and will also pave the way for the development of a standard definition and measurement method of rock brittleness in the long term.

关键词： Rock brittleness Practical applicability Hydraulic fracturing Rockburst proneness Crack propagation Fragmentation efficiency

H2/CO/air premixed and partially premixed flame structure at different pressures based on reaction limit analysis

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Science Bulletin 2018年第19期63卷 1260-1266页

作者： Zaigang Liu Wenjun Kong Jean-louis Consalvi Wenhu Han Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China School of Engineering Sciences. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China IUSTI UMR 7343 Aix-Marseille Universite CNRS Marseille 13453 France

Premixed and partially premixed flames (PPFs) of H2/CO/air syngas are studied numerically to investigate the effect of pressure on syngas PPF structure. Chemical characteristics of the syngas flame at different pressures are investigated based on reaction limit analysis using a one-dimensional configuration. The results show that CO affects the syngas reaction limits through both physical effects that consist mainly in dilution and chemical effects that are related to both R23 (CO+OH=CO2+H) and HCO pathway. In particular, the HCO pathway weakens the flame at low pressures due to the chain-terminating effect of R25 (HCO+O2=CO+HO2) and R26 (HCO+H=CO+H2), and enhances the flame at high pressures because of the contribution of R25 to the HO2chain-branching process. These CO chemical characteristics are also observed in the premixed zone of 50%H2+50%CO syngas PPFs whereas only R23 is important in the non-premixed zone.

关键词： Syngas Partially premixed flame Pressure effect Reaction limit Flame structure

Personalised care of patients with stroke in China: a challenge and an opportunity

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第1期1卷 3-5页

作者： louis R Caplan Marc Fisher Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUSA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center BostonMassachusettsUSA

Interventional treatment of patients with stroke should rekindle a push for‘personalised’*** 1988,more than a quarter of a century ago,one of us(LRC)made a plea for personalised care in an editorial‘What is wrong with ***’.1 At that time,the technological tools available to image the brain and its vascular supply were far inferior to those available *** editorial was focused on patients with transient ischaemic attacks(TIAs).

关键词： patients transient push

Biology and architecture:An ongoing hybridization of scientific knowledge and design practice by six architectural offices in France

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 240-262页

作者： Natasha Chayaamor-Heil louis Vitalis UMR MAP-MAACC CNRS National Architecture School of Paris La VilletteParisFrance

As a highly interdisciplinary field,architecture is being influenced by many subjects of natural and social *** despite being apparently distant from architecture is currently a scientific field blending into design practices,which have evolved and shifted towards a new hybrid *** this article,we present an emerging design field of what we categorize as biomimetic architecture pioneering by six architectural offices in *** observe the impact of scientific researches on design processes and practices through six case studies led by these offices,which can be seen through the actors who involved in various types of interdisciplinary collaborations,through the competencies of the architect himself,and through new sources of ideas coming from biological sciences and related *** propose to use a classification of theoretical uses in modeling practice to better understand the role that biological knowledge plays in architectural design ***,the result of this analysis shows that the use of biology taking place in a design space has external purposes,which transform it to produce engineering devices or urban schemes rather than architectural *** also shows that biology in architectural design induces other kinds of non-biological knowledge,is not strictly theoretical and could be obsolete or *** findings lead to an epistemological discussion concerning the confusion between biological,knowledge,and architectural design‘know-how’.

关键词： Biology Biomimetic architecture Architectural design Hybridization Design epistemology Research-practice