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Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： Charmaine Jan Li Toh Chang Liu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Molly Tzu Yu Lin louis tong Yu-Chi Liu Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

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Practical issues concerning tear protein assays in dry eye

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 34-45页

作者： Sharon D’Souza louis tong Narayana Nethralaya Superspeciality Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute BangaloreKarnatakaIndia. Singapore Eye Research Institute 11Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore. Singapore National Eye Center SingaporeSingapore. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore.

Dry eye is a common clinical condition diagnosed by cumulative evidence of symptoms and *** new treatments in dry eye are either expensive,invasive,have potential for side effects,or are not easily *** severe dry eye,the ideal modality of treatment to begin with is often not clear as specific molecular disturbances are not evident from just examination of clinical *** the effects of ongoing treatment is not straight forward since there is lack of agreement between clinical signs and *** is a need to have more objective methods of selecting treatment for dry eye and monitoring the effect of ***,there are many new technologies applied to the discovery of tear biomarkers,for e.g.,mass spectrometry based proteomics techniques and multiplex assays such as the bead-based sandwich indirect immunofluorescent *** proteins assays have even been made available as point-of-care *** review focuses on the evidence for the involvements of tear proteins in dry eye,possible changes in tear concentrations with therapy and the strength of evidence regarding dry eye *** remains to be done in terms of developing office-based assays and ascertaining their reliability,but current evidence suggests that tear proteins have a role in the clinical practice of dry eye.

关键词： Human Dry eye Review Tear Proteomics Biomarker

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Scaling limits of interacting diffusions in domains

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2014年第4期9卷 717-736页

作者： Zhen-Qing CHEN Wai-tong (louis) FAN Department of Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

We survey recent effort in establishing the hydrodynamic limits and the fluctuation limits for a class of interacting diffusions in domains. These systems are introduced to model the transport of positive and negative charges in solar cells. They are general microscopic models that can be used to describe macroscopic phenomena with coupled boundary conditions, such as the popula- tion dynamics of two segregated species under competition. Proving these two types of limits represents establishing the functional law of large numbers and the functional central limit theorem, respectively, for the empirical measures of the spatial positions of the particles. We show that the hydrodynamic limit is a pair of deterministic measures whose densities solve a coupled nonlinear heat equations, while the fluctuation limit can be described by a Gaussian Markov process that solves a stochastic partial differential equation.

关键词： Hydrodynamic limit fluctuation interacting diffusion reflecteddiffusion Dirichlet form non-linear boundary condition coupled partiMdifferential equation martingales stochastic partial differential equation,Guassian process

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Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B pathway activation in ocular surface epithelial cells

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 93-99页

作者： Aihua Hou Min Qi Tin louis tong Ocular Surface Research Group Singapore Eye Research InstituteSingaporeSingapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore Singapore National Eye Center SingaporeSingapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Background:Gram-positive bacteria stimulate Toll-like receptor(TLR)2 and then activate the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)*** the human ocular surface is heavily colonised by gram-positive cocci bacteria,a balance of activation/repression of NF-κB target genes is essential to avoid uncontrolled infection or autoimmune-related *** is advantageous to test NF-κB targeting molecules in an ocular surface culture system that allows assessment of temporal NF-κB activation in a longitudinal fashion without destruction of *** initial testing under standardised conditions should reduce the number of molecules that progress to further evaluation in animal *** study aims to establish an in-vitro cell culture system to assess NF-κB activation in the context of ocular surface ***:NF-κB activity was evaluated through a secretory alkaline phosphatase reporter assay(SEAP).Immunoblots and immunofluorescence were used to examine IκBαphosphorylation and p65/p50 nuclear *** chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)transcripts were evaluated by real time PCR and protein levels were measured by ***:NF-κB activity in HCE-T cells treated with TLR2 activator Pam3CSK4 was higher than control cells at both 6 and 24 ***3CSK4-stimulated NF-κB activation was inhibited by IκK inhibitors,Wedelolactone and *** Pam3CSK4 treated cells,active NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 increased in cell nuclear fractions as early as 1.5 *** the level of total IκB-αremained constant,phospho-IκB-αincreased with treatment over *** the culture media of Pam3CSK4-stimulated cells,MCP-1 protein level was increased,which was suppressed in the presence of IκK ***:NF-κB pathway can be activated by the TLR2 ligand and inhibited by IκK inhibitors in the ocular surface cell culture *** cell culture system may be used to evaluate TLR-related innate defences in ocular surface diseases.

关键词： TLR2 NF-κB pathway Activation Ocular surface cells

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3D shear flows driven by Lévy noise at the boundary

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2023年第1期8卷 75-94页

作者： Wai-tong(louis)Fan Ali Pakzad Krutika Tawri Roger Temam Department of Mathematics Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47405USA Department of Mathematics California State University NorthridgeCA 91330USA Department of Mathematics University of California BerkeleyCA 94720USA

This paper is concerned with the stochastic incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a layer of fluid between two flat no-slip *** fluid is driven by the noisy movement of the bottom boundary,where the noise is given by a Lévy *** establishing existence of a martingale solution,we use the background flow method to derive an upper bound on the turbulent energy dissipation *** estimate recovers one of the basic scaling ideas of turbulence theory,namely,that the dissipation rate is independent of the viscosity at high Reynolds number.

关键词： Existence Lévy noise Navier–Stokes equations 3D shear flows Upper bound

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*** lipidome and its implications

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期 367-367页

作者： Sin Man Lam louis tong Markus R.Wenk Guanghou Shui State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

The tear film covers the anterior eye and the precise balance of its various constituting components is critical for maintaining ocular *** composition of the tear film amphiphilic lipid sublayer,in particular,has largely remained a matter of *** limiting concentrations of lipid amphiphiles in tears have also posed considerable challenges to their detection and accurate *** systematic and sensitive lipidomic approaches,we reported the most comprehensive human tear lipidome to date;and conferred novel insights to the compositional details of the existent tear film model,in particular the disputable amphiphilic lipid sublayer constituents,by demonstrating the presence of cholesteryl sulfate,O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acids,and various sphingolipids and phospholipids in *** analysis of human tear fluid from patients with various subtypes of dry eye syndrome(DES)revealed structure-specific lipid alterations in DES,which could potentially serve as unifying indicators of disease symptoms and *** meibomian glands constitute the predominant source of lipid supply to the human tear *** gland dysfunction(MGD)is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye and ocular discomfort,characterized by an unstable tear film principally attributed to afflicted delivery of lipids to the ocular *** investigated the longitudinal tear lipid alterations associated with disease alleviation and symptom improvement in a cohort of MGD patients undergoing eyelid-warming treatment for 12 *** preliminary data indicated that excess ocular surface phospholipase activity detrimental to tear film stability could be alleviated by eyelid warming alone without application of steroids and identify tear OAHFAs as suitable markers to monitor treatment response in MGD.

关键词： Tear lipidomics dye eye syndrome meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)

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A Novel Hybrid Tag Identification Protocol for Large-Scale RFID Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第8期68卷 2515-2527页

作者： Ye Mu Ruiwen Ni Yuheng Sun tong Zhang Ji Li Tianli Hu He Gong Shijun Li Thobela louis Tyasi College of Information Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Province Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Intelligent Environmental Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Colleges and Universities The 13th Five-Year Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production University of LimpopoSovenga0727PolokwaneSouth Africa

Radio frequency identification technology is one of the main technologies of Internet of Things(IoT).Through the transmission and reflection of wireless radio frequency signals,non-contact identification is realized,and multiple objects identification can be ***,when multiple tags communicate with a singleton reader simultaneously,collision will occur between the signals,which hinders the successful *** effectively avoid the tag collision problem and improve the reading performance of RFID systems,two advanced tag identification algorithms namely Adaptive M-ary tree slotted Aloha(AMTS)based on the characteristics of Aloha-based and Query tree-based algorithms are *** AMTS,the reader firstly uses the framed slotted Aloha protocol to map the tag set to different time slots,and then identify the collided tags using binary search method based on collision factor or mapping *** performance analysis and extensive experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithms significantly outperforms most existing anti-collision approaches in tag dense RFID systems.

关键词： RFID anti-collision Aloha multi-tree AMTS

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A Lightweight Model of VGG-U-Net for Remote Sensing Image Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 6195-6205页

作者： Mu Ye Li Ji Luo Tianye Li Sihan Zhang tong Feng Ruilong Hu Tianli Gong He Guo Ying Sun Yu Thobela louis Tyasi Li Shijun College of Information Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Province Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Intelligent Environmental Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Information Technology and Intelligent Agriculture Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China College of Engineering and Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production University of LimpopoSovenga0727PolokwaneSouth Africa College of Information Technology Wuzhou UniversityWuzhou543003China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Intelligent Control Wuzhou543003China

Remote sensing image analysis is a basic and practical research hotspot in remote sensing *** sensing images contain abundant ground object information and it can be used in urban planning,agricultural monitoring,ecological services,geological exploration and other *** this paper,we propose a lightweight model combining vgg-16 and u-net *** combining two convolutional neural networks,we classify scenes of remote sensing *** ensuring the accuracy of the model,try to reduce the memory of *** to the experimental results of this paper,we have improved the accuracy of the model to 98%.The memory size of the model is 3.4 *** the same time,The classification and convergence speed of the model are greatly *** simultaneously take the remote sensing scene image of 64×64 as input into the designed *** the accuracy of the model is 97%,it is proved that the model designed in this paper is also suitable for remote sensing images with few target feature points and low ***,the model has a good application prospect in the classification of remote sensing images with few target feature points and low pixels.

关键词： VGG-16 U-Net fewer feature points nonlinear correction layer zero padding

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Segmentation of Remote Sensing Images Based on U-Net Multi-Task Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3263-3274页

作者： Ni Ruiwen Mu Ye Li Ji Zhang tong Luo Tianye Feng Ruilong Gong He Hu Tianli Sun Yu Guo Ying Li Shijun Thobela louis Tyasi College of Information Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Province Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Intelligent Environmental Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Information Technology and Intelligent Agriculture Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China College of Information Technology Wuzhou UniversityWuzhou543003China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Intelligent Control Wuzhou543003China Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production University of LimpopoSovengaPolokwane0727South Africa

In order to accurately segment architectural features in highresolution remote sensing images,a semantic segmentation method based on U-net network multi-task learning is ***,a boundary distance map was generated based on the remote sensing image of the ground truth map of the *** remote sensing image and its truth map were used as the input in the U-net network,followed by the addition of the building ground prediction layer at the end of the U-net *** on the ResNet network,a multi-task network with the boundary distance prediction layer was *** involving the ISPRS aerial remote sensing image building and feature annotation data set show that compared with the full convolutional network combined with the multi-layer perceptron method,the intersection ratio of VGG16 network,VGG16+boundary prediction,ResNet50 and the method in this paper were increased by 5.15%,6.946%,6.41%and 7.86%.The accuracy of the networks was increased to 94.71%,95.39%,95.30%and 96.10%respectively,which resulted in high-precision extraction of building features.

关键词： Multitasking learning U-net ResNet remote sensing image semantic segmentation

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Instituting Pandemic Plans in a Singapore Anaesthesia Unit: The Challenges and Learning Points

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2020年第7期10卷 263-276页

作者： Lydia Weiling Li Prit Anand Singh Chou Liang Mah Ong Lay Teng Qian Jun tong Xiang Long louis Ng Department of Anaesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Changi General Hospital Singapore Division of Nursing Operating Theatre Changi General Hospital Singapore

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Its rapid spread has put a strain on healthcare systems globally. Singapore ranked the highest in terms of reported cases outside of China in the first few weeks of this outbreak. The management of a patient with COVID-19 in the Operating Theatre (OT) presents a unique set of challenges to the Anaesthetist. Delivery of timely and quality care must be upheld while reducing the risk of transmission to healthcare staff and other patients. This article describes our Anaesthesia Unit’s experiences and challenges in instituting our pandemic plans. The authors hope that the sharing of our experience and practical approach would be useful to other Anaesthesia Units worldwide.

关键词： COVID-19 Anaesthesia Operation Theatre Preparedness SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic PPE Manpower

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