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Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 100-100页

作者： Felicite Flore Djuikwo Teukeng Manon Blin Nicolas Bech Marta Reguera Gomez Rima Zein-Eddine Alain Michel Kouam Simo Jean-Francois Allienne louis albert tchuem‑tchuente Jerome Boissier Faculty of Heath Science Mountain UniversityP.O.Box 208BangangteCameroon 不详

Background:Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium(Sh)and ***(Sb)have been found in several African countries as well as in *** the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown,this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans,to describe the structure of *** populations on a large geographic scale,and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these ***:From January to April 2019,urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct popu‑*** were collected from eggs in this *** detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1(RD-PCR)and ITS2 gene(PCR-RFLP).Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite *** diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes,and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst,PCA and Bayesian ***:Of the 1327 miracidia studied,88.7% were identifed as pure genotypes of ***(Sh_Sh/Sh)while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids(7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb,3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb).No miracidium has been identifed as a pure genotype of *** richness ranged from 5.55(Loum population)to 7.73(MattaBarrage)and difered signifcantly between *** heterozygosity ranged from 53.7%(Loum)to 59%(Matta Barrage)with no signifcant *** overall genetic diferentiation inferred either by a principal compo‑nent analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial *** populations(Loum and Matta Bar‑rage)were clearly separated from other localities but genetic diferentiation between northern localities was limited,certainly due to the geographic proximity between these ***:Hybrids between *** and *** were identifed in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine o

关键词： Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma bovis Genetic diversity Hybridization Miracidium Cameroon

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Towards interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa:developing an appropriate environmental surveillance framework to guide and to support‘end game’interventions

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 78-88页

作者： J.Russell Stothard Suzy J.Campbell Mike Y.Osei-Atweneboana Timothy Durant Michelle C.Stanton Nana-Kwadwo Biritwum David Rollinson Dieudonne R.Eloundou Ombede louis-albert tchuem-tchuente Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Department of Environmental Biology and Health Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research InsituteP.O.Box M 32AccraGhana Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme Ghana Health ServicesAccraGhana Department of Life Sciences Natural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUK Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology YaoundeCameroon Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundeIYaoundeCameroon National Programme for the Control of Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis Ministry of Public HealthYaoundeCameroon

Schistosomiasis is a waterborne parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa,particularly common in rural populations living in impoverished *** the scale-up of preventive chemotherapy,national campaigns will transition from morbidity-to transmission-focused interventions thus formal investigation of actual or expected declines in environmental transmission is needed as‘end game’scenarios ***,there are no international or national guidelines to do so in sub-Saharan *** article therefore provides an introduction to key practicalities and pitfalls in the development of an appropriate environmental surveillance *** this context,we discuss how strategies need to be adapted and tailored to the local level to better guide and support future interventions through this *** detection of egg-patent infection in people becomes rare,careful sampling of schistosome larvae in freshwater and in aquatic snails with robust species-specific DNA assays will be *** metrics,derived from observed prevalence(s)as compared with predetermined thresholds,could each provide a clearer insight into contamination-and exposure-related *** could be twofold,first to certify areas currently free from schistosomiasis transmission or second to red-flag recalcitrant locations where extra effort or alternative interventions are needed.

关键词： Environmental monitoring Freshwater snails eDNA WASH Zoonosis

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Building a global schistosomiasis alliance:an opportunity to join forces to fight inequality and rural poverty

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 558-563页

作者： Lorenzo Savioli Marco Albonico Daniel G.Colley Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira Alan Fenwick Will Green Narcis Kabatereine Achille Kabore Naftale Katz Katharina Klohe Philip TLoVerde David Rollinson JRussell Stothard louis-albert tchuem tchuente Johannes Waltz Xiao-Nong Zhou Global Schistosomiasis Alliance GenevaSwitzerland Center for Tropical Diseases Sacro Cuore Hospital-WHO Collaborating Centre on strongyloidiasis and other intestinal parasitic infectionsNegrarVeronaItaly Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation The University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA Centro de Pesquisas ReneRachou-Fiocruz Belo HorizonteBrazil and Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoBrazil Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology SCIImperial CollegeLondonUK Trinity College Cambridge CambridgeUK Imperial College London LondonUK RTI International WashingtonDCUSA Research Center Rene Rachou-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Belo HorizonteBrazil Global Schistosomiasis Alliance MunichGermany University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioTXUSA Life Sciences Department The Natural History MuseumLondonUK Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool L35QAUK Centre for Schistosomiasis&Parasitology YaoundeCameroon Global Schistosomiasis Alliance LondonUK National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina

Schistosomiasis,one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization,presents a substantial public health and economic *** the 261 million people requiring preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis in 2013,92%of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa and only 12.7%received preventive ***,in 2010,the WHO reported that schistosomiasis mortality could be as high as 280000 per year in Africa *** May 2012 delegates to the sixty-fifth World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA65.21 that called for the elimination of schistosomiasis,and foresees the regular treatment of at least 75%of school age children in at-risk *** resolution urged member states to intensify schistosomiasis control programmes and to initiate elimination campaigns where *** this,in June 2015,schistosomiasis was indicated to have the lowest level of preventive chemotherapy implementation in the spectrum of neglected tropical *** was also highlighted as the disease most lacking in *** is perhaps unsurprising,given that it was also the only NTD with access to drug donations but without a coalition of stakeholders that collaborates to boost commitment and *** a consequence,and to ensure that the WHO NTDs Roadmap Targets of 2012 and World Health Assembly Resolution WHA65.21 are met,the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance(GSA)has been set *** and representative,the GSA aims to be a partnership of endemic countries,academic and research institutions,international development agencies and foundations,international organizations,non-governmental development organizations,private sector companies and advocacy and resource mobilisation ***,the GSA calls for a partnership to work for the benefit of endemic countries by addressing health inequity and rural poverty.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Schistosomiasis Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Elimination

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Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination (INCAS): Driving schistosomiasis elimination in Africa

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Global Health Journal 2019年第1期3卷 16-20页

作者： Eniola Michael Abe Jing Xu louis-albert tchuem Tchuenté Moussa Sacko Yunhai Guo Shizhu Li Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Diseases Control and PreventionShanghai200025China World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai200025China Research Centre for Schistosomiasis&Parasitology P.O.Box7244YaoundeCameroon National Institute for Research in Public Health Ministry of HealthBP1771BamakoMali

The burden of schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem,especially in sub-Saharan Africa despite progress in terms of morbidity *** control efforts achieved by China in the last six decades came with considerable experience and lessons that could benefit schistosomiasis control programs in other endemic ***'s role and commitment to global health cooperation has become increasingly important;this has created a platform for partnership with developing partners for the establishment of Forum on China-Africa health cooperation which prioritizes the pursuit of global elimination target for schistosomiasis and malaria,control of HIV/AIDS,and improved access to reproductive health *** government's commitment towards achieving schistosomiasis elimination in Africa prompted the establishment of Institution-based Network on China-Africa Cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination (INCAS),by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases to promote schistosomiasis elimination in *** experts from six provincial institutions and counterparts from 10 African countries participated in the first workshop on China-Africa cooperation for Schistosomiasis Elimination in Africa at Lilongwe,Malawi,in *** at the inaugural meeting shared experiences from their national schistosomiasis control programs,as well as identified areas for collaborative synergy targeting schistosomiasis elimination in *** establishment of INCAS,which comprises of 28 member-institutions from China and Africa,was proposed at this ***,therefore,provide information on INCAS activities,cooperation mechanism,as well as assess the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats as we target schistosomiasis elimination in Africa using the INCAS platform.

关键词： Institution-based Network Cooperation Schistosomiasis Elimination Driving China Africa

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Will artificial intelligence widen the therapeutic gap between children and adults?

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Matthew Nagy Bryan Sisk albert Lai Eric Kodish Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology/OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Medicine Bioethics Research CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Institute for Informatics Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOhioUSA

The impending rise of artificial intelligence(AI)-powered healthcare offers exciting hope for improved care and outcomes in children with serious illnesses.1 The historical precedent in healthcare,however,suggests that advancements in adult care do not necessarily result in proportional progress in *** disparity was first noted in the mid-20th century when tragedies that involved drugs with well-studied and known adult safety profiles,such as sulfonamide elixir and thalidomide,resulted in harm to children due to limited pediatric clinical trial inclusion.2 As a result,legislation in 1962 required drug companies to include package labels that restricted or dissuaded the use of medications in children that were not properly studied in this population.2 Subsequently,physicians became reluctant to prescribe many medications,and pharmaceutical companies had little incentive to enroll children in trials as an unfavorable result could negatively impact sales in the adult market,and a successful outcome would only marginally increase the market pool.3 This lack of access led *** Shirkey to describe children as"therapeutic orphans"in 1968.2 After more than half a century of legislation aimed at increasing pediatric representation in research and drug development(Figure 1),enrollment of children in clinical trials remains disproportionately low,4 with children included in as few as 12%of trials for diseases with a burden equal to,or greater in,the pediatric versus adult population.

关键词： companies Figure properly

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New insights in diabetic foot infection

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World Journal of Diabetes 2011年第2期2卷 24-32页

作者： Jean-louis Richard albert Sotto Jean-Philippe Lavigne Department of Nutritional Diseases and Diabetology Medical CentreUniversity Hospital of NmesLe Grau du Roi 30240France Department of Infectious Diseases Carémeau HospitalUniversity Hospital of Nmes30029 Nmes and INS- ERMERI 26UFR de Médecine30908 Nmes Cedex 02 France Laboratory of Bacteriology Carémeau HospitalUniversity Hospital of Nmes30029 NmesFrance and INSERMERI 26UFR de Médecine30908 Nmes Cedex 02France

Foot ulcers are common in diabetic patients,have a cumulative lifetime incidence rate as high as 25%and frequently become *** spread of infection to soft tissue and bone is a major causal factor for lowerlimb *** this reason,early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential,including treatment which is both local(of the foot)and systemic(metabolic),and this requires coordination by a multidisciplinary *** treatment also often involves extensive surgical debridement and management of the wound base,effective antibiotic therapy,consideration for revascularization and correction of metabolic abnormalities such as *** article focuses on diagnosis and management of diabetic foot infections in the light of recently published data in order to help clinicians in identification,assessment and antibiotic therapy of diabetic foot infections.

关键词： Diabetic foot ulcer Infection Management

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Coping Strategies Adopted by Construction Employees to Deal with the Causes and Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders: A Study in Ghana

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Health 2019年第6期11卷 755-782页

作者： Genevieve Ataa Fordjour albert P. C. Chan Peter Amoah louis Tuffour-Kwarteng Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Building Technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Electrical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Coping strategies adopted to deal with psychological health issues could have influences on the general health, productivity and task performance of the employee. This study sought to investigate the coping strategies adopted by construction employees to deal with the causes and effects of occupational psychological disorders such as burnout and workaholism. To achieve this aim, the methods of focus group discussions were first employed. A total of 16 semi-structured focus group discussions were held in Ghana, with 90 construction employees. The focus group study revealed 25 coping strategies adopted as efforts to mitigate the causes and 22 coping strategies adopted as responses to moderate the effects of occupational psychological disorders. A quantitative study involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers were also conducted in Ghana to investigate the coping strategies that were highly adopted by the two construction working groups. The findings from the study revealed that the construction professionals adopted delegating complicated tasks and seeking medical attention as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. The construction trade workers were also revealed to adopt withdrawing from work duties or changing jobs and taking in more caffeinated drinks as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the findings were put into the main constructs. The causes focused coping strategies were categorized under avoidance, alteration, adaptation, and acceptance. The effects focused coping strategies were also categorized under healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. This study recommends appropriate coping strategies and interventions in the construction industry such as education of construction personnel on the consequences of various coping strategies.

关键词： Occupational Psychology Psychological Disorders Coping Strategies Construction Employees Ghana

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Modelling of Eruptive Fire Occurrence and Behaviour

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2014年第3期3卷 115-132页

作者： Jacques-Henri Balbi Frangois Joseph Chatelon Jean louis Rossi albert Simeoni Domingos Xavier Viegas Carlos Rossa Research Laboratory 6134 National Center for Scientific Research University of Corsica Corte 20250 France Building Research Establisment Centre for Fire Safety Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH93JL Scotland Centre of Studies on Forest Fires Association for the Development of the Industrial Aerodynamics University of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-790 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030-790 Portugal School of Technology and Management Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria 2411-901 Portugal

Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very little literature is available to support either modelling or occurrence prediction for this phenomenon. In this study, an unsteady physical model of fire spread is detailed, which describes the initiation and development of eruptive fires with an induced wind sub-model. The latter phenomenon is proposed as the mainspring of fire eruptions. Induced wind is proportional to the rate of spread and the rate of spread is in a non-linear relationship with induced wind. This feedback can converge or diverge depending on the conditions. The model allows both explaining why an eruption can occur and predicting explicitly its occurrence according to meteorological conditions, topographic parameters, fuel bed properties and fire front width. The model is tested by comparing its results to a set of experiments carried out at laboratory scale and during an outdoor wildfire, the Kornati accident.

关键词： Eruptive fire unsteady solutions fire spread physical model.

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The Epidemiological Profile of Acute Peritonitis and Sensitivity to Antibiotics, about 167 Cases, in the General Surgery Department of the Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital Center in Franceville, Gabon

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Surgical Science 2022年第6期13卷 307-316页

作者： Silvère Ngakani Offobo Hilaire Nyamatsiengui louis Clément Obame Kundulunga Jean albert Aseke François Ondo N’Dong General Surgery Department Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital Franceville Gabon Akanda Armed Forces Instructions Hospital Libreville Gabon Laboratory Larebio University of Sciences Masuku Franceville Gabon Radiology Department Amissa Bongo Regional Hospital Center Franceville Gabon Department of Surgery Libreville University Hospital Center Libreville Gabon

The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic aspects, and the sensitivity to antibiotics for acute peritonitis at CHRAB Franceville. This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study, between September 2015 and December 2021. Generalized acute peritonitis was one of the digestive surgical emergencies. There were 167 patients operated on for acute peritonitis, including 116 men (69.46%) and 51 women (30.34%). The majority of patients came from Franceville (n = 62) 37.12%. The average age was 33.4 years (extreme 4 years and 75 years). The admission time was on average +6.15 or -6.54 hours. The main etiology was acute appendicitis with (n = 122) 73.05%, followed by gastric perforations (n = 26) 15.56%, bowel perforations (n = 5) 2.99%. Some post-surgical cases (n = 4) 2.39%. Biological examinations found: hyperleukocytosis in 64.67% of cases, anemia in 52.9% of cases, and hematocrit down in 28.3% of cases. Ultrasounds found 17.36% peritoneal effusions and 12.57% acute appendicitis. The abdomen without preparation revealed 13.17% cases of pneumoperitoneum. Anatomy pathology found acute appendicitis, gastroduodenal ulcers, peritoneal tuberculosis, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biliary drainage choledotomy with Kher drain, supernumerary spleen splenectomy, hysterectomy. The average duration in intensive care was 6.5 days with extremes of 5 to 10 days. The average stay in inpatient surgery was 10.8 days. Isolated or combined antibiotic therapy was the rule. Postoperative follow-up at 1 month was systematic. Parietal suppuration was the main complication. We had recorded 2 cases of fistula and 4.19% of deaths.

关键词： Peritonitis Etiologies Laparotomy Germs Susceptibility Antibiotics

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Surface Fires： No Wind, No Slope, Marginal Burning

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2014年第2期3卷 73-86页

作者： Jacques-Henry Balbi Domingos Xavier Viegas Jean-louis Rossi Carlos Rossa Francois Joseph Chatelon Dominique Cancellieri albert Simeoni Thierry Marcelli Research Laboratory 6134 National Center for Scientific Research University of Corsica Corte 20250 France Centre of Studies on Forest Fires~Association for the Development of the Industrial Aerodynamics University of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-790 Portugal Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra 3030-790 Portugal School of Technology and Management Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Leiria 2411-901 Portugal Building Research Establisment Centre for Fire Safety Engineering University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL Scotland

The first aim of this work is to provide an analytical expression to calculate the rate of spread of surface fires under no wind and no slope conditions. A previous simplified model was improved for this particular case of fire propagation. The test of this proposed model was performed by using two complete sets of experimental results with several fuel beds and variable parameters such as moisture content or bulk density. The second aim of this article is to highlight two conditions that allow stopping a fire： the low leaf area and the high value of the moisture content.

关键词： Surface fire spread marginal burning extinction conditions

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