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Soil Contamination due to Activities： A Review with E-Waste Disposal and Recycling Special Focus on China

Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 434-455页

作者： ZHANG Wei-Hua WU Ying-Xini m. O. SImONNOT School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 (China) Environmental Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 (USA) Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology Guangzhou 510275 (China) Laboratoire Rdactions et Gdnie des Procgdds (LRGP) Universitd de Lorraine-CNRS (UPR 3349) 1 Rue Grandville BP20451 54001 Nancy Cedex (France)

This paper presents a review of soil contamination resulting from e-waste recycling activities, with a special focus on China, where many data have been collected for a decade. Soils in the e-waste areas are often contaminated by heavy metals and organic compounds, mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls （PCBs and PBBs）, dechlorane plus （DP）, hexabromocyclododecanes （HBCDs）, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo- p-dioxins （PCDDs and PBDDs）, and polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzofurans （PCDFs and PBDFs）, while other compounds, not systematically monitored, can be found as well. Pollutants are generally present in mixtures, so pollution situations are complex and diversified with a gradient of contamination from agricultural soils to hot spots at e-waste sites and mainly in open burning areas. It has been proved that pollutants were transferred to the food chain via rice in China, and that the population was threatened since high levels of various pollutants were detected in blood, placentas, hair, etc., of residents of e-waste sites. Eventually, soil remediation techniques are reviewed. Although there are many available techniques devoted to heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, the current techniques for the e-waste sites, where these contaminants coexist, are very sparse. Phytoremediation has been investigated and co-cropping appears as a promising approach for the slightly contaminated agricultural soils. In some cases, different remediation techniques should be combined or trained, while the influence of coexisting contaminants and the removal sequence of contaminants should be considered. In hot spots, physical and chemical techniques should be used to reduce high pollution levels to prevent further pollutant dissemination. This review highlights the urgent needs for 1） characterization of pollution status in all the countries where e-wastes are r

关键词： co-cropping heavy metals organic compounds pollution remediation

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Galerkin finite element analysis of magneto-hydrodynamic natural convection of Cu-water nanoliquid in a baffled U-shaped enclosure

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第4期9卷 383-393页

作者： A.Zaim A.Aissa F.mebarek-Oudina B.mahanthesh G.Lorenzini m.Sahnoun m.El Ganaoui BLSTE Laboratory Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MascaraMascaraAlgeria Labor atoire de Physique Quantique de La matiere et moderation mathematique(LPQ3m) Universite Mustapha Stambouli de MascaraMascaraAlgeria Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of 20 Aoiit 1955-SkikdaSkikda2100Algeria Labor atoire des materiaux et Genie Energetique(LmGE) University of 20 Aout 1955-SkikdaSkikda2100Algeria Department of mathematics CHRIST(Deemed to Be University)Bangalore560029India Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Parma.Parco Area Delle Scienze 1H1/A43124ParmaItaly Labor atoire energetique de Longvy(FJV/LERmAB) Universite de LorraineFrance

In this paper,single-phase homogeneous nanofluid model is proposed to investigate the natural convection of magneto-hydrodynamic(mIID)flow of Newtonian Cu—H20 nanoliquid in a baffled U-shaped *** Brinkman model and Wasp model are considered to measure the effective dynamic viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid ***'s effective properties such as specific heat,density and thermal expansion coefficient are modeled using mixture *** complicated PDS(partial differential system)is treated for numeric solutions via the Galerkin finite element *** pertinent parameters Hartmann number(1≤Ha≤60),Rayleigh number(10^(3)≤Ra≤10^(6))and nanoparticles volume fraction (0% ≤Ф≤4%) are taken for the parametric analysis, and it is conducted via streamlines and isotherms. Excellent agreement between numerical results and open literature. It is ascertained that heat transfer rate enhances with Rayleigh number Ra and volume fraction 0, however it is diminished for laiger Hartmann number Ha.

关键词： Natural convection Nanoliquid Rayleigh number Baffled U-shaped Nusselt number Galerkin finite element method

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Load dependent microstructural evolution in an as-cast 26%Cr high chromium cast iron during unlubricated sliding

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Friction 2022年第8期10卷 1258-1275页

作者： U.Pranav NAYAk Sebastian SUÁREZ Valentin PESNEL Frank mÜCkLICH maría Agustina GUITAR Department of materials Science Saarland UniversitySaarbrücken 66123Germany materials Engineering Center Saarland Saarbrücken 66123Germany Ecole Européenne d’ingénieurs en Génie des matériaux Universitéde LorraineNancy 54000France

In the current study,an as-cast 26%Cr high chromium cast iron(HCCI)alloy was subjected to dry-sliding linear wear tests,under different *** loads were selected based on analytically computing the critical load(PC)i.e.,the load necessary to induce plastic *** PC was calculated to be 15 N and accordingly,a sub-critical load(5 N)and an over-critical load(20 N)were *** influence of increasing the load during the wear test was investigated in terms of the matrix microstructural behaviour and its ability to support the surrounding *** morphological aspects of the wear tracks,and the deformed matrix microstructure adjacent and underneath the track was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSm)and scanning electron microscope(SEm),*** evidence of plastic deformation of the matrix was observed below *** the contrary,at loads equal to and higher than PC,the austenitic matrix plastically deformed as evidenced by the presence of slip *** backscattered diffraction(EBSD)measurements in terms of grain reference orientation deviation,and micro-Vickers hardness of the austenitic matrix indicated a deformation depth of about 40μm at the maximum applied load of 20 *** active wear mechanisms during sliding were a combination of both adhesive and abrasive wear,although increasing the load shifted the dominant mechanism towards *** was primarily attributable to the increased propensity for carbide cracking and fracturing,combined with the inability of the hardened austenitic matrix surface and sub-surface to adequately support the broken carbide ***,the shift in the dominant wear mechanism was also reflected in the wear volume and subsequently,the wear rate.

关键词： high chromium cast iron unlubricated sliding plastic deformation wear resistance carbide spallation matrix hardness

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Polyurethanes from kraft Lignin without Using Isocyanates

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Journal of Renewable materials 2018年第4期6卷 413-425页

作者： F.J.Santiago-medina m.C.Basso A.Pizzi L.Delmotte LERmAB University of Lorraine27 rue Philippe Seguin88000 EpinalFrance Department of Physics King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia material Science Institute of mulhouse UMR CNRS 7361University of Upper Alsace15 rue Jean StarckyBP 248868057 Mulhouse CedexFrance

The reaction of a desulphurized kraft lignin with hexamethylene diamine and dimethyl carbonate has allowed the development of isocyanate-free polyurethane *** present research work is based on previous studies made with hydrolyzable and condensed tannins,but takes advantage of the higher number of hydroxyl groups present in lignin and their different aliphatic and aromatic *** obtained materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(mALDI-TOF)mass spectrometry and solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning(CP mAS)13C nuclear magnetic resonance(NmR),which have revealed the presence of urethane *** interpretation of the results has shown a larger number of species than when tannins were used and has indicated the presence of two types of bonds in the new molecules formed:ionic and covalent bonds.

关键词： Lignin urethanes non-isocyanate polyurethanes mALDI-TOF FTIR

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A Comparative Study of Different Drying Processes for a Deformable Saturated Porous medium

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Fluid Dynamics & materials Processing 2023年第6期19卷 1339-1348页

作者： Nour El Houda Ben mustaphaa Ibtissem Boumnijel m.El-Ganaoui Daoued mihoubi Laboratory of Wind Energy management and Waste Energy Recovery Research and Technology Center of EnergyHammam-LifTunisia Laboratory of Studies and Research on Wood material(LERmAB) University of LorraineLongwyFrance National Engineering School of monastir University of MonastirMonastirTunisia

Drying of a deformable saturated porous medium based on convective tempering is a novel method that can enhance energy efficiency and the quality of the dried product *** this experimental investigation,the performances of this specific technique are compared with those of a standard stationary drying process in terms of deformation,drying kinetics,moisture redistribution,and energy *** particular,the response of a deformable saturated porous medium(kaolin)is *** results are critically discussed pointing out advantages and drawbacks.

关键词： Convective drying tempering convective drying energy consumption kaolin

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Soil Contamination due to E-Waste Disposal and Recycling Activities: A Review with Special Focus on China

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Pedosphere 2012年第4期22卷 470-488页

作者： G. ECHEVARRIA T. STERCkEmAN m. O. SImONNOT J. L. mOREL INPL(ENSAIA)/INRA Laboratoire Sols et Environnement 2 Avenue de la For et de Haye BP 172 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex (France) Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP) Université de Lorraine-CNRS (UPR 3349) 1 Rue Grandville BP20451 54001 Nancy Cedex (France)

Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements （e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn） using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities.

关键词： agronomic practices food safety hyperaccumulator phytoremediation trace element

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Navier Slip and Heat Transfer in a Nanofluid Due to a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet:An Analytical Study

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Fluid Dynamics & materials Processing 2022年第5期18卷 1551-1567页

作者： A.B.Vishalakshi U.S.mahabaleshwar m.EL.Ganaoui R.Bennacer Department of mathematics ShivagangotriDavangere UniversityDavangere577007India Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Longwy Universitéde Lorraine 186 rue de LorraineCosnes et Romain54400France LmT/ENS-Cachan/CNRS/UniversitéParis Saclay Cachan94235France

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the heat transfer and Navier’s slip effects in a non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid flowing past a stretching/shrinking *** nanoparticles,namely,Cu and Al_(2)O_(3)are used with a water-based fluid with Prandtl number *** slip flow is assumed to occur when the characteristic size of the flow system is small or the flow pressure is very *** using the similarity transformations,the governing nonlinear PDEs are turned into ordinary differential equations(ODE’s).Analytical results are presented and analyzed for various values of physical parameters:Prandtl number,Radiation parameter,stretching/shrinking parameter and mass transpiration for the flow and heat *** considered problem is relevant to various physical applications in the field of engineering,e.g.,the production of certain materials,the preparation of plastic and rubber sheets and glass *** is shown that the considered nanofluid increases the thermal *** nanoparticles act as a heater by increasing the solid volume fraction and thermal *** versa,they can act as a cooler if the strength of magnetic field is *** flow strength decreases by increasing the values of Deborah number.

关键词： Nanofluid navier’s slip radiation ordinary differential equations

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Impact of Radiation and Slip on Newtonian Liquid Flow Past a Porous Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in the Presence of Carbon Nanotubes

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Fluid Dynamics & materials Processing 2023年第4期19卷 929-939页

作者： U.S.mahabaleshwar T.Anusha m.EL Ganaoui R.Bennacer Department of mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangere577007India Institut universitaire de Technologie de Longwy Universitéde Lorraine186 rue de LorraineCosnes et Romain54400France LmT/ENS-Cachan/CNRS/UniversitéParis Saclay Cachan94235France

The impacts of radiation,mass transpiration,and volume fraction of carbon nanotubes on the flow of a Newtonian fluid past a porous stretching/shrinking sheet are *** this purpose,three types of base liquids are considered,namely,water,ethylene glycol and engine ***,single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are examined in the *** overall physical problem is modeled using a system of highly nonlinear partial differential equations,which are then converted into highly nonlinear third order ordinary differential equations via a suitable similarity *** equations are solved analytically along with the corresponding boundary *** is found that the carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the heat transfer *** potential application in cutting-edge areas is also discussed to a certain extent.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes porous media newtonian fluid radiation

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Cadmium sulfide thin films growth by chemical bath deposition

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第3期39卷 50-56页

作者： S.Hariech m.S.Aida J.Bougdira m.Belmahi G.medjahdi D.Genève N.Attaf H.Rinnert Thin films and Interfaces Laboratory Faculty of Sciences Mentouri University Department of physics Faculty of science King Abdulaziz University Jean Lamour Institute University of Lorraine

Cadmium sulfide（Cd S） thin films have been prepared by a simple technique such as chemical bath deposition（CBD）. A set of samples Cd S were deposited on glass substrates by varying the bath temperature from 55 to 75 °C at fixed deposition time（25 min） in order to investigate the effect of deposition temperature on Cd S films physical properties. The determination of growth activation energy suggests that at low temperature Cd S film growth is governed by the release of Cd^（2＋） ions in the solution. The structural characterization indicated that the Cd S films structure is cubic or hexagonal with preferential orientation along the direction（111） or（002）, respectively. The optical characterization indicated that the films have a fairly high transparency, which varies between55% and 80% in the visible range of the optical spectrum, the refractive index varies from 1.85 to 2.5 and the optical gap value of which can reach 2.2 e V. It can be suggested that these properties make these films perfectly suitable for their use as window film in thin films based solar cells.

关键词： thin films chemical bath cadmium sulfide solar cell

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methodology for Constructing a Short-Term Event Risk Score in Heart Failure Patients

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Applied mathematics 2018年第8期9卷 954-974页

作者： kévin Duarte Jean-marie monnez Eliane Albuisson CNRS INRIA Institut Elie Cartan de Lorraine Université de Lorraine Nancy France CHRU Nancy INSERM Université de Lorraine CIC Plurithématique Nancy France IUT Nancy-Charlemagne Université de Lorraine Nancy France Institut Elie Cartan de lorraine Université de Lorraine CNRS Nancy France CHRU Nancy BIOBASE P&ocirc le S2R Université de Lorraine Nancy France Faculté de médecine InSciDenS Université de Lorraine Nancy France

We present a methodology for constructing a short-term event risk score in heart failure patients from an ensemble predictor, using bootstrap samples, two different classification rules, logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis for mixed data, continuous or categorical, and random selection of explanatory variables to build individual predictors. We define a measure of the importance of each variable in the score and an event risk measure by an odds-ratio. moreover, we establish a property of linear discriminant analysis for mixed data. This methodology is applied to EPHESUS trial patients on whom biological, clinical and medical history variables were measured.

关键词： Ensemble Predictor Linear Discriminant Analysis Logistic Regression mixed Data Scoring Supervised Classification

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