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Decoupling between Plant Productivity and Growing Season Length under a Warming Climate in Canada’s Arctic

American Journal of Climate Change 2016年第3期5卷 334-359页

作者： Wenjun Chen Paul Zorn lori white Ian Olthof Yu Zhang Robert Fraser Sylvain Leblanc Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada Parks Canada Agency Gatineau Canada Wildlife Landscape Science Directorate Environment Canada Ottawa Canada

Given the short duration of growing season in the Arctic, a strong correlation between plant productivity and growing season length (GSL) is conventionally assumed. Will this assumption hold true under a warming climate? In this study, we addressed the question by investigating the relationship between net primary productivity of leaves (NPPleaf) and GSL for various tundra ecosystems. We quantified NPPleaf and GSL using long-term satellite data and field measurements. Our results indicated that the relationship was not significant (i.e., decoupled) for 44% to 64% of tundra classes in the southern Canadian Arctic, but significant for all classes in the northern Canadian Arctic. To better understand the causes of the decoupling, we further decomposed the relationship into two components: the correspondence of interannual variations and the agreement of long- term trends. We found that the longer the mean GSL for a tundra class, the poorer the correspondence between their interannual variations. Soil moisture limitation further decoupled the relationship by deteriorating the agreement of long-term trends. Consequently, the decoupling between NPPleaf and GSL would be more likely to occur under a warming climate if the tundra class had a mean GSL > 116 (or 123) days with a dry (or moist) soil moisture regime.

关键词： Net Primary Productivity Growing Season Length Arctic Tundra Decoupling Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Regime

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Assessing the Impacts of Summer Range on Bathurst Caribou’s Productivity and Abundance since 1985

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Natural Resources 2014年第4期5卷 130-145页

作者： Wenjun Chen lori white Jan Z. Adamczewski Bruno Croft Kerri Garner Jody S. Pellissey Karin Clark Ian Olthof Rasim Latifovic Greg L. Finstad Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada Environment and Natural Resources Government of the Northwest Territories Yellowknife Canada School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks USA Tlicho Government Behchoko Canada Wek'èezhìi Renewable Resources Board Yellowknife Canada

Barren ground caribou are one of the most important natural resources for northern aboriginal peoples in Canada, and their responsible management has been identified as a top priority by northern communities and governments. This study is aimed to assess the impacts of summer range forage availability and quality on Bathurst caribou’s productivity and abundance. Despite well documented effects of habitat nutrition on individual animal, few studies have been able to link nutrition and population demographics in a quantitative fashion, probably because caribou productivity and abundance could be potentially affected by many factors (e.g., habitat, harvest, predators, diseases/parasites, extreme weather, climate change, industrial development, and pollution), and yet long-term data for many of these factors are not available. By determining the upper envelope curve between summer range indicators and caribou productivity, this study made such assessment possible. Our results indicate that summer range indicators derived from long-term remote sensing time series and climate records can explain 59% of the variation in late-winter calf:cow ratio during 1985 and 2012. As a measure of caribounet productvitiy, the late-winter calf:cow ratio, together with the mortality rate, in turn determined population dynamics.

关键词： Barren Ground Caribou Late-Winter Calf:Cow Ratio Summer Range Leaf Biomass Phenology Remote Sensing

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Burn recidivism:a 10-year retrospective study characterizing patients with repeated burn injuries at a large tertiary referral burn center in the United States

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 75-84页

作者： Sarah L.Laughon Bradley N.Gaynes lori P.Chrisco Samuel W.Jones Felicia N.Williams Bruce A.Cairns Gary J.Gala Department of Psychiatry 101 Manning DriveCB#7160Chapel HillNC 27599-7160USA Department of Surgery 4001 Burnett-Womack BuildingCB#7050Chapel HillNC 27599-7050USA North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center 101 Manning DriveCB#7206Chapel HillNC 27599-7600USA

Background:Psychiatric and substance use disorders are common among trauma and burn patients and are known risk factors for repeat episodes of trauma,known as trauma *** epidemiology of burn recidivism,specifically,has not been *** study aimed to characterize cases of burn recidivism at a large US tertiary care burn center and compare burn recidivists(RCs)with non-recidivists(NRCs).Methods:A 10-year retrospective descriptive cohort study of adult burn patients admitted to the North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center was conducted using data from an electronic burn registry and the medical *** variables were reported using medians and interquartile ranges(IQR).Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare demographic,burn,and hospitalization characteristics between NRCs and ***:A total of 7134 burn patients were admitted,among which 51(0.7%)were RCs and accounted for 129(1.8%)*** the 51 RCs,37 had two burn injuries each,totaling 74 admissions as a group,while the remaining 14 RCs had between three and eight burn injuries each,totaling 55 admissions as a *** to NRCs,RCs were younger(median age 36 years vs.42 years,p=0.02)and more likely to be white(75%vs.60%,p=0.03),uninsured(45%vs.30%,p=0.02),have chemical burns(16%vs.5%,p<0.0001),and have burns that were≤10%total body surface area(89%vs.76%,p=0.001).The mortality rate for RCs *** did not differ(0%vs.1.2%,p=0.41).Psychiatric and substance use disorders were approximately five times greater among RCs compared to NRCs(75%vs.15%,p<0.001).Median total hospital charges per patient were nearly three times higher for RCs ***($85,736 vs.$32,023,p<0.0001).Conclusions:Distinct from trauma recidivism,burn recidivism is not associated with more severe injury or increased *** to trauma recidivists,but to a greater extent,burn RCs have high rates of comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions that contribute to increased health care u

关键词： Burn recidivism Consult psychiatry Substance use disorder Repeat burn injury

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