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An examination of the population dynamics of syngnathid fishes within Tampa Bay,Florida,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 118-133页

作者： Heather D.MASONJONES Emily ROSE lori Benson McRAE Danielle L.DIXSON Biology Department University of Tampa Biology Department Texas A & M University School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University

Seagrass ecosystems worldwide have been declining, leading to a decrease in associated fish populations, especially those with low mobility such as syngnathids （pipefish and seahorses）. This two-year pilot study investigated seasonal patterns in density, growth, site fidelity, and population dynamics of Tampa Bay （FL） syngnathid fishes at a site adjacent to two marinas under construction. Using a modified mark-recapture technique, fish were collected periodically from three closely located sites that varied in seagrass species （Thalassia spp., Syringodium spp., and mixed-grass sites） and their distance from open water, but had consistent physical/chemical environmental characteristics. Fish were marked, photographed for body size and gender measurements, and released the same day at the capture site. Of the 5695 individuals surveyed, 49 individuals were recaptured, indicating a large, flexible population. Population density peaks were observed in July of both years, with low densities in late winter and late summer. Spatially, syngnathid densities were highest closest to the mouth of the bay and lowest near the shoreline. Seven species of syngnathid fishes were observed, and species-specific patterns of seagrass use emerged during the study. However, only two species, Syngnathus scovelli and Hippoeampus zosterae, were observed at high frequencies. For these two species, body size decreased across the study period, but while S. scovelli＇s population density decreased, H. zosterae＇s increased. Across six of the seven species, population size declined over the course of this preliminary study; however, seasonal shifts were impossible to distinguish from potential anthropogenic effects of construction [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 118-133, 2010].

关键词： Syngnathids Habitat-use Seahorse Pipefish Population density Mark-recapture

Molybdenum disulfide as hydrogen evolution catalyst:From atomistic to materials structure and electrocatalytic performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 256-285,I0007页

作者： Mohsin Muhyuddin Giorgio Tseberlidis Maurizio Filippo Acciarri Oran lori Massimiliano D'Arienzo Massimiliano Cavallini Plamen Atanassov Lior Elbaz Alessandro Lavacchi Carlo Santoro Department of Materials Science University of Milano-BicoccaVia Roberto Cozzi 55Building U520125 MilanItaly Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)Via P.Gobetti 101BolognaItaly Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697United States Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 5290002Israel Institute of Chemistry of the Organometallic Compounds-National Research Council(ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano1050019 Sesto Fiorentino(FI)Italy

Hydrogen production via water electrolysis defines the novel energy vector for achieving a sustainable ***,the true progress of the given technology is hindered by the sluggish and complex hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)occurring at the cathodic side of the system where overpriced and scarce Pt-based electrocatalysts are usually ***,efficient platinum group metals(PGMs)-free electrocatalysts to carry out HER with accelerated kinetics are urgently *** this scenario,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))owing to efficacious structural attributes and optimum hydrogen-binding free energy(ΔG_(H*))is emerging as a reliable alternative to ***,the performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts is still far away from the benchmark *** HER activity of MoS_(2)can be improved by engineering the structural parameters i.e.,doping,defects inducement,modulating the electronic structure,stabilizing the 1 T phase,creating nanocomposites,and altering the morphologies using appropriate fabrication ***,we have comprehensively reviewed the majority of the scientific endeavors published in recent years to uplift the HER activity of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts using different *** in the major fabrication strategies including hydrothermal synthesis methods,chemical vapor deposition,exfoliation techniques,plasma treatments,chemical methodologies,*** tune the structural parameters and hence their ultimate influence on the electrocatalytic activity in acidic and/or alkaline media have been thoroughly *** study can provide encyclopedic insights about the fabrication routes that have been pursued to improve the HER performance of MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Molybdenum disulphide Electrocatalysts Synthesis techniques Sustainable energy production Water electrolysis

CD4^+ T cell-mediated presentation of non-infectious HIV-1 virion antigens to HIV-specific CD8^+ T cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第19期119卷 1629-1638页

作者： XU Jian-qing Franco lori Julianna Lisziewicz State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy Washington DC 20007 USA

Background The mechanism of chronic immune activation and impairment of HIV-specific immune responses during chronic infection is not fully understood. However, it is known that high immune activation leads to more rapid progression to AIDS. We hypothesize that CD4^＋ T cell-mediated viral antigen presentation contributes to this pathologic immune activation in HIV-infected individuals. Methods HIV-specific T cells, responding to noninfectious HIV-1 virions as antigen, were measured by flow cytometric assays. These experimental conditions reflect the in vivo condition where noninfectious HIV-1 represents more than 99% of the antigens. Results CD4^＋ T cells purified from HIV-infected individuals were capable of cross presenting exogenous noninfectious HIV-1 virions to HIV-1-specific CD8^＋ T cells. Cross presentation required the entry of HIV-1 to CD4^＋ T cells and antigen translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Blocking CD4^＋ mediated activation of HIV-specific CD8^＋ T cells and redirecting the viral antigens to antigen presenting cells improved HIV-specific T cell responses. Contusions One possible cause of chronic immune activation and impairment of HIV-1 specific T cell responses is represented by HIV-1 harboring CD4^＋ T cells cross presenting HIV-1 antigen to activate CD8^＋ T cells. This new mechanism provides the first evidence that cross presentation of noninfectious HIV-1 virions play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.

关键词： HIV antigen presenting CD4^+ T cell CD8+ T cell immune pathogenesis

Infant attraction:why social bridging matters for female leadership in Tibetan macaques

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 635-642页

作者： Xi WANG Dong-Po XIA Lixing SUN Paul A.Garber Randall C.Kyes lori K.Sheeran Bing-Hua SUN Bo-Wen Lia Jin-Hua LI School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology Hefei 230601China School of Life Sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Department of Biological Sciences Central Washington UniversityEllensburgWA 98926USA Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology Evolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Center for Global Field Study Departments of Psychology and Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Washington National Primate Research Center University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Anthropology Central Washington UniversityEllensburgWA 98926USA Hefei Normal University Hefei 230601China

Leadership is a key issue in the study of collective behavior in social ***-leadership models predict that dyadic partner preferences based on grooming relationships or allianee formation positively affect an in dividua I's decision to follow or support a con spec *** the case of many primate species,females without young infants are attracted to mother-infant ***,the effects of mother-infant-female associations on affiliation-leadership models remain less *** free-rangi ng Tibeta n macaques Macaca thibetana,we used social network analysis to examine the importance of mother-inf a nt-adult female"social bridging eve nts as a predictor of who leads and who follows during group *** bridging is a common behavior in Tibetan macaques and occurs whe n 2 adults,gen erally females,engage in coordinated in fa nt *** eigenvector centrality coefficients of social bridging as a measure of social affiliation,we found that among lactating females,initiating bridging behavior with another female played a sign讦icant role in leadership success,with the assisting female following the mother during group *** non lactati ng females,this was not the *** results in dicate that in fa nt attracti on can be a strong trigger in collective action and directing group movement in Tibetan macaques and provides benefits to mothers who require helpers and social support in order to ensure the safety of their *** study provides new insights into the importance of the third-party effect in rethinking affiliation-leadership models in group-living animals.

关键词： affiliation-leadership models collective movement infant attraction Macaca thibetana social bridging Tibetan macaques

Development of a health education intervention strategy using an implementation research method to control taeniasis and cysticercosis in Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 833-847页

作者： Helena Ngowi Ivan Ozbolt Athanase Millogo Veronique Dermauw Telesphore Some Paul Spicer lori L.Jervis Rasmane Ganaba Sarah Gabriel Pierre Dorny Helene Carabin Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Sokoine University of AgricultureP.O.Box 3021MorogoroTanzania Department of Anthropology University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Language Department Citizen Potawatomi NationShawneeOKUSA Sourou Sanou University Teaching Hospital Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Agriculutral and Research Training Agency for Africa(AFRICSante) Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Department of Anthropology and Center for Applied Social Research University of OklahomaOklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology College of Public HealthOklahoma University Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA

Background:Taeniasis and cysticercosis are two diseases caused by Taenia solium,a parasite transmitted between humans and pigs,leading to considerable economic loss and *** of the parasite is linked to environmental and behavioural factors such as inadequate sanitation and hygiene,poor pig management,and consumption of infected *** study used implementation research method to design a health education intervention strategy for reducing *** infections in Burkina Faso,a country endemic for the ***:Eighteen group discussions were conducted with 8-18 participants each in three *** addition,structured interviews were conducted among 4777 participants and 2244 pig owners,who were selected through cluster random sampling in 60 villages of three provinces of Burkina *** approaches assessed knowledge and practices related to *** information obtained was used to develop a community-adapted health education intervention strategy to control taeniasis and cysticercosis in Burkina ***:The group discussions revealed that participants had a poor quality of life due to the diseases as well as inadequate access to latrines,safe water,and healthcare *** addition,it was found that pig production was an important economic activity,especially for ***,financial and knowledge constraints were important limitations to improved pig management and latrine *** survey data also showed that open defecation and drinking unboiled water were common behaviours,enhanced by a lack of knowledge regarding the transmission of the parasite,perceived financial barriers to the implementation of control measures,lack of public sensitization,as well as a lack of self-efficacy towards control of the ***,the perceived financial benefits of controlling porcine cysticercosis could be emphasized by an education program that discourages open defecation and encourages drinking safe water

关键词： Taenia solium control plan Taeniasis Cysticercosis PHAST Burkina Faso

Group dynamics motivation to increase exercise intensity with a virtual partner

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 289-297页

作者： Stephen Samendinger Christopher R.Hill Norbert L.Kerr Brian Winn Alison Ede James M.Pivarnik lori Ploutz-Snyder Deborah L.Feltz Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University NASA Johnson Space Center Universities Space Research Association Department of Psychology Michigan State University Department of Media and Information College of Communication Arts & Sciences Michigan State University

Background: The effect of the K?hler group dynamics paradigm(i.e., working together with a more capable partner where one's performance is indispensable to the team outcome) has been shown to increase motivation to exercise longer at a strength task in partnered exercise video games (exergames) using a software-generated partner(SGP). However, the effect on exercise intensity with an SGP has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivation to maintain or increase exercise intensity among healthy, physically active middle-aged adults using an SGP in an aerobic ***: Participants(n = 85, mean age = 44.9 years) exercised with an SGP in a 6-day cycle ergometer protocol, randomly assigned to either(a)no partner control,(b) superior SGP who was not a teammate, or(c) superior SGP as a teammate(team score was dependent on the inferior member). The protocol alternated between 30-min continuous and 4-min interval lhigh-intensity session days, during which participants could change cycle power output(watts) from target intensity to alter distance and ***: Mean change in watts from a targeted intensity(75% and 90% maximum heart rate) was the primary dependent variable reflecting motivational effort. Increases in performance over baseline were demonstrated without significant differences between conditions. Self-efficacy and enjoyment were significantly related to effort in the more intense interval ***: Under these conditions, no K?hler effect was observed. Exercise performance during the higher-intensity interval format is more closely related to enloyment and self-efficacy beliefs compared to the continuous sessions.

关键词： Exercise intensity Kohler effect Motivation Software-generated partner

Using detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat to expand knowledge and assist felid conservation in Misiones, Argentina

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 623-639页

作者： Karen E.DeMATTEO Miguel A.RINAS Carina F.ARGÜELLES Bernardo E.HOLMAN Mario S.DI BITETTI Barbara DAVENPORT Patricia G.PARKER lori S.EGGERT Department of Biology University of MissouriSt.LouisUSA WildCare Institute at the Saint Louis Zoo St.LouisUSA Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables Argentina Instituto de Biología Subtropical(IBS)-nodo Posadas Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Misiones(UNaM)Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y NaturalesUNaMArgentina IBS-nodo Puerto Iguazú CONICET-UNaMArgentina Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Argentina PackLeader Dog Training LLC Division of Biological Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaUSA

Many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs;however,anthropogenic changes threaten species and their *** traps have been used to effectively collect data on carnivores in a variety of habitat types;however,a single survey effort is typically limited to species that have similar body size,habitat use and movement patterns,and individual identification of animals is not always pos*** evaluated whether scat detection dogs could effectively survey for 4 wide-ranging felids that vary in these characteristics:jaguars(Panthera onca),pumas(Puma concolor),ocelots(Leopardus pardalis)and oncillas(Leopardus tigrinus).From June to October 2009 and May to August 2011,a detection dog-handler team detected 588 scats,from which 176 unique genotypes were *** assigned sex to 84.7%of the genotyped scats and identified 55 individuals multiple *** effectiveness of these noninvasive techniques(detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat)not only opens the door for additional studies in areas that were previously difficult or impossible with standard survey techniques,but also provides conservationists with a set of tools that overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of camera traps alone.

关键词： conservation detection dogs felids genetics noninvasive techniques