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Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Optimising mesh size with escape gaps in a dual-species portunid-trap fishery

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第6期5卷 308-316页

作者： matt K.Broadhurst Daniel J.Tolhurst Brian Hughes Vincent Raoult Timothy m.smith Troy F.Gaston NSW Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Conservation Technology UnitNational Marine Science CentrePO Box 4321Coffs HarbourNSW2450Australia marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothianEH259RGUnited Kingdom Hunter Local Land Services PO Box 440TareeNSW2430Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleOurimbahNSW2258Australia

In south-eastern Australia,the same baited,round traps(comprising 50–57-mm mesh netting)are used to target giant mud,Scylla serrata and blue swimmer crabs,Portunus armatus in spatially separated *** fisheries are characterised by the common,problematic discarding of undersized portunids(mm carapace length;CL for *** and ***)and fish(yellowfin bream,Acanthopagrus australis).This poor selectivity was addressed here in two experiments assessing the utility of(1)traps partially or completely covered in larger mesh(91 mm to match the minimum legal size of the smaller ***),and then(2)any cumulative benefits of fitting species-specific escape *** experiment 1,there were no differences among catches of legal-sized portunids associated with either partial,or complete trap coverage with larger *** of mesh coverage,both designs of 91-mm traps also retained significantly fewer(by up to 42%)undersized *** and *** experiment 2,replicate traps completely covered in 91-mm mesh were tested against conventional traps comprising 56-mm mesh,and traps with the same mesh sizes,but also three escape gaps configured for either ***(46×120 mm)or ***(36×120 mm)(*** treatments in total).All modified traps maintained catches of legal-sized ***,and only the 91-mm traps with escape gaps caught fewer legal-sized *** undersized ***,*** and ***(mean catches reduced by up to 49%)were retained in all larger-meshed than small-meshed traps,and in all of those traps with escape gaps(by up to 95%)than *** there were no significant cumulative benefits of escape gaps in largermeshed traps(measured by a statistical interaction),there was a trend of fewer unwanted catches *** data support configuring portunid traps with mesh sizes matching the morphology of the smallest legal-sized target ***,simply retroactively fitting escape gaps in existing,smaller-m

关键词： Bycatch Escape gap mesh size Portunid

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加筋土挡土墙边坡的稳定性分析

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煤田地质与勘探 2003年第2期31卷 42-44页

作者：姚爱国 m.smith 中国地质大学工程学院湖北武汉430074 曼彻斯特大学土木工程系

加筋挡土墙边坡是一种新型的复合边坡加固技术,用传统的方法很难设计这种复杂的结构。以一工程实例叙述了采用弹塑性有限元法预测加筋土边坡的稳定性的方法;给出了不同设计方案下的位移;分析了土体力学参数对边坡最大水平位移的影响。... 详细信息

加筋挡土墙边坡是一种新型的复合边坡加固技术,用传统的方法很难设计这种复杂的结构。以一工程实例叙述了采用弹塑性有限元法预测加筋土边坡的稳定性的方法;给出了不同设计方案下的位移;分析了土体力学参数对边坡最大水平位移的影响。结果表明,土体的弹性模量、内摩擦角与粘聚力是影响边坡位移的重要因素。这些土力学参数与边坡最大水平位移是非线性关系,且有呈现临界点的趋势。因此,适当控制填土的力学性能参数有助于达到安全节省的设计目标。

关键词：加筋土边坡复合结构弹塑性有限元挡土墙稳定性粘聚力

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APPLICATION OF WYATT-WHITE mETHOD TO CALCULATING INTRINSIC RATES OF INCREASE FOR HYmENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS

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Zoological Research 1993年第3期14卷 208-214页

作者：况荣平 Sandy m.smith 中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆明650223 多伦多大学森林系

The method developed by Wyatt and White (1977) was applied to calculate the intrinsic rates of increase for parasitoids based on 23 fecundity data sets from the literature. The studies showed that there existed the linear relationship between the accurate values of rm and In f (md) / d or In (A/d/2) / d, that is, 1) rm= 0.845 In (md) / d or 2) rm= 0.880 In (md/ 2) / d. Where d is the prereproductive time, md is the number of female offspring produced per original female from the first to the dthday of reproduction, and md/2 is the number of female offspring produced per original female from the first to the (d/ 2) th day of reproduction. These equations can provide the accurate estimates of rm for parasitoids in this study. The approach is advantageous because it does not require the construction of detailed fecundity tables for estimating parasitoid rates of increase. Of course, whether these equations are appropriate for the other taxa will need to be further studied.

关键词： Parasitoid Intrinsic rate of increase Calculation

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The Genetic Dissection of a Short-Term Response to Low CO_(2) Supports the Possibility for Peroxide-mediated Decarboxylation of Photorespiratory Intermediates in the Peroxisome

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molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1413-1416页

作者： Olivier Keech Wenxu Zhou Ricarda Fenske Catherine Colas-des-Francs-Small John D.Bussell murray R.Badger Steven m.smith Centres of Excellence for Plant metabolomics and Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia UPSC Department of Plant PhysiologyUmea University90187UmeaSweden metabolomics Australia University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversitySullivans Creek RoadActon ACT 0200Australia

Dear Editor, Photorespiration reduces plant carbon assimilation by an estimated 25%-50% of net CO2 assimilation in typical C3 plants （Roussel and Igamberdiev, 2011）. It results from the oxygenase activity of Rubisco giving rise to phosphogly- colate. Subsequent photorespiratory metabolism involves decarboxylation of glycine in the mitochondrion and reduc- tion of hydroxypyruvate, usually assumed to occur in the peroxisome. Recent research in Arabidopsis has highlighted possible alternative sites of hydroxypyruvate reductase （HPR） activity （Figure 1A）. In addition to the accepted reduction by peroxisomal HPR1, Timm et al. （2008） identified cytosolic HPR2 and a putative chloroplast HPR3 （Timm et al., 2011）. For HPR2 or HPR3 to function in photorespiration, hydroxypyru- vate would first need to pass from the peroxisome into the cytosol. Another potential fate for hydroxypyruvate is its non-enzymic （NE） decarboxylation by reaction with hydrogen peroxide as previously suggested by experiments performed on isolated peroxisomes （Walton and Butt, 1981）.

关键词： HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE OXIDATIVE STRESS IRON-DEFICIENCY ABSENCE CAUSES ARABIDOPSIS CATALASE PLANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS STOICHIOmETRY mETABOLISm

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III Jeremy L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy L.smith Zachary m.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pme functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(Pmation regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with *** study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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A New Generation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for molecular and Cellular Imaging

A New Generation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Molecular...

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第十一次中国生物物理学术大会暨第九届全国会员代表大会

作者： Andrew m.smith mary Wen Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University

＜正＞Semiconductor quantum dots,tiny light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale,are emerging as a new class of fluorescent labels for a broad range of molecular and cellular

关键词： Quantum Dot fluorescent label molecular imaging

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mEAT AND mEAT PRODUCTS

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1916-1918页

作者： José m lorenzo Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia

In recent years, meat quality has assumed a greater consumer significance and public attention. There is growing awareness of the link between diet and health and this is reflected in the demand for more information a... 详细信息

关键词： mEAT AND mEAT PRODUCTS

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第2期2卷 173-182页

作者： Joshua L.Keller Terry J.Housh Ethan C.Hill Cory m.smith Richard J.Schmidt Glen O.Johnson Human Performance Laboratory Department of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68508USA Division of Kinesiology School of Kinesiology and Physical TherapyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA Department of Kinesiology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA

The purpose of this investigation was to use the RPE clamp protocol to examine sex-related differences in performance fati-gability and neuromuscular responses as the result of a sustained isometric leg extension muscle action anchored to RPE=*** adults(10 men,10 women)performed sustained muscle actions at RPE=2 for *** voluntary isometric contractions(mVIC)were performed prior to and following the sustained muscle ***(electromyographic and mechanomyographic)parameters and force were recorded,and the values were normalized to respective mVICs and cal-culated every 5%across the 5-min work *** artery blood flow(FABF)was assessed at pretest,immediately posttest,and 5-min *** regression was used to define the individual and composite normalized neuromuscular and force versus time relationships during the sustained muscle *** factorial ANOVAs were used to examine differences in performance fatigability and blood *** performance fatigability,the men(62.4±14.4 kg-43.1±11.5 kg)exhibited a significantly(PmVIC than the women(44.1±4.8 kg vs.38.1±6.1 kg).There were different fatigue-induced neuromuscular patterns of responses between the men and women across *** blood flow responses,however,there was no sex-related difference,but pretest(283.3±70.8 mL/min)was significantly(Pmmediately posttest(424.5±133.5 mL/min)and 5-min posttest(324.4±78.3 mL/min).Thus,men demonstrated a greater degree of performance fatigability than the women,which was independent of differences in *** such as the neuromuscular system and muscle morphology likely contributed to the difference in performance fatigability.

关键词： Perception Resistance training Electromyography Fatigue mechanomyography RPE clamp

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A New Generation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for molecular and Cellular Imaging

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生物物理学报 2009年第S1期25卷 161-161页

作者： Andrew m.smith mary Wen Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University 101 Woodruff Circle Suite 2001AtlantaGA30322USA

Semiconductor quantum dots, tiny light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale, are emerging as a new class of fluorescent labels for a broad range of molecular and

关键词： Quantum Dot fluorescent label molecular imaging

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