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Application of robotic technologies in lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy:A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2021年第12期13卷 673-697页

作者： Harpreet Kaur Sekhon Inderjit Singh emily Rose Armstrong Sujay Shah Reza MirnezamiColorectal Surgery The Royal Free Hospital london NWQG Hampstead United Kingdom Royal Free Hosp Colorectal Surg Pond St London NW3 2QG England

BACKGROUND Conventional optical colonoscopy is considered the gold standard investigation for colorectal tract pathology including colorectal malignancy,polyps and inflammatory bowel *** limitations exist with current generation endoscopic technologies,including,but not limited to,patient discomfort,endoscopist fatigue,narrow field of view and missed pathology behind colonic *** developments in medical robotics have led to the emergence of a variety of next-generation robotically-augmented technologies that could overcome these *** To provide a comprehensive summary of recent developments in the application of robotics in lower gastrointestinal tract *** A systematic review of the literature was performed from January 1,2000 to the January 7,2021 using eMBASe,MeDLINe and Cochrane *** reporting data on the use of robotic technology in ex vivo or in vivo animal and human experiments were *** vitro studies(studies using synthetic colon models),studies evaluating non-robotic technology,robotic technology aimed at the upper gastrointestinal tract or paediatric endoscopy were *** ergonomics,safety,visualisation,and diagnostic/therapeutic capabilities were *** Initial literature searching identified 814 potentially eligible studies,from which 37 were deemed suitable for *** studies were classified according to the actuation modality of the robotic device(s)as electromechanical(eM)(n=13),pneumatic(n=11),hydraulic(n=1),magnetic(n=10)and hybrid(n=2)*** devices have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration,however most of the technologies reviewed remain in the early phases of testing and *** 1 evidence is lacking at present,but early reports suggest that these technologies may be associated with improved pain and *** reviewed devices appear to be ergonomically capable and efficient though to date no reports have convincingly sh

关键词： Robotics Colonoscopy endoscopy

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Analysis of microscopic properties of radiative shock experiments performed at the Orion laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2018年第2期6卷 189-201页

作者： R.Rodriguez G.espinosa J.M.Gil e Suzuki-Vidal T.Clayson C.Stehle e Graham IUNAT Departamento de FisicaUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria35017 Las Palmas de Gran CanariaSpain Instituto de Fusion Nuclear Universidad Politecnica de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Blackett Laboratory Imperial CollegeLondon SW7 2AZUK LeRMA Sorbonne UniversitesUPMCObservatoire de ParisPSL Research UniversityCNRSF-75006 ParisFrance AWe AldermastonReading RG7 4PRUK

In this work we have conducted a study on the radiative and spectroscopic properties of the radiative precursor and the post-shock region from experiments with radiative shocks in xenon performed at the Orion laser facility. The study is based on post-processing of radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of the experiment. In particular, we have analyzed the thermodynamic regime of the plasma, the charge state distributions, the monochromatic opacities and emissivities, and the specific intensities for plasma conditions of both regions. The study of the intensities is a useful tool to estimate ranges of electron temperatures present in the xenon plasma in these experiments and the analysis performed of the microscopic properties commented above helps to better understand the intensity spectra. Finally, a theoretical analysis of the possibility of the onset of isobaric thermal instabilities in the post-shock has been made, concluding that the instabilities obtained in the radiative-hydrodynamic simulations could be thermal ones due to strong radiative cooling.

关键词： high-power lasers laboratory experiments on radiative shocks plasma radiative properties spectroscopy

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Thermodynamic Foundation for High Temperature electrochemistry

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 494-500页

作者： ZHANG W. e. A. Charles J. Congleton Corrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UKNE1 7RU UK

Thermodynamic concepts required for the thermodynamic calculation of the potentials of electrodes for high temperature applications are briefly reviewed. A thermodynamic approach to the calculation of half cell potentials and the standard chemical potential of an electron at high temperatures which are related to the Standard Hydrogen electrode(SHe) is discussed. As examples, an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a YSZ(Ag|O_2) pH sensor for high temperature applications are analyzed by using the thermodynamic approach to derive a high temperature pH measurement equation. The two electrodes are employed to measure high temperature pH and the measured pH was compared with the calculated pH by using a solution chemistry method. Concepts and principles for electrode kinetics are also briefly introduced and a modification to the Tafel equations is suggested.

关键词： High temperature potential Half cell potential external Ag/AgCl reference electrode Standard chemical potential of an electron High temperature pH sensor.

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马丁·伊登版

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丛书名：英美文学注释丛书

1964年

作者：（美）杰克·伦敦（J.london）潘绍中注释

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高强度湍流预混火焰NO生成特性的研究

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工程热物理学报 2018年第9期39卷 2056-2061页

作者：金台王旭江罗开红罗坤樊建人浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室杭州310027 伦敦大学学院机械工程系

本文采用直接数值模拟方法对不同湍流强度下预混CH_4/H_2/air平面火焰进行了计算,并对湍流火焰中NO的生成规律进行了研究。采用了28组分268步反应的详细化学反应机理。研究表明高Karlovitz数下,湍流微团能穿透火焰面并存在于内反应区中... 详细信息

本文采用直接数值模拟方法对不同湍流强度下预混CH_4/H_2/air平面火焰进行了计算,并对湍流火焰中NO的生成规律进行了研究。采用了28组分268步反应的详细化学反应机理。研究表明高Karlovitz数下,湍流微团能穿透火焰面并存在于内反应区中。在强拉伸作用下,局部燃烧热释率达到层流火焰峰值的1.8倍。湍流作用下湍流燃烧速率显著提高,而NO的总生成速率增加不明显。高湍流强度下由于快速型NO的生成率的显著减小,湍流火焰中NO的总生成速率降低。

关键词：预混燃烧湍流强度 NO生成路径直接数值模拟

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杰克·伦敦短篇小说集

杰克·伦敦短篇小说集

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1982年

作者：（美）杰克·伦敦（Jack london）初蓬兰一译

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月亮谷新1版

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丛书名：外国文学经典阅读丛书

2006年

作者：（美）杰克·伦敦（london J.）齐永法龚晓明译

本书为长篇小说，反映了19世纪资本主义社会的现实生活，揭露了社会的黑暗面同时歌颂了真善美的人性。

ISBN: (纸本)7806479570

本书为长篇小说，反映了19世纪资本主义社会的现实生活，揭露了社会的黑暗面同时歌颂了真善美的人性。

关键词：长篇小说美国近代

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Geodynamics and metallogeny of the Altaid orogen

Geodynamics and metallogeny of the Altaid orogen

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2008学术年会

作者： Wenjiao Xiao~(a,*) Franco Pirajno~b Reimar Seltmann~c a State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 9825,Beijing 100029,China b Geological Survey of Western Australia,100,Plain Street, Perth,WA 6004,Australia c Natural History Museum,Department of Mineralogy, CeRCAMS(Centre for Russian and Central eur Asian Mineral Studies),Cromwell Road,london SW7 5BD,UK

*** The Altaid orogen(Seng(o|¨)r et al.,1993;Yakubchuk, 2004),also known as the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(Jahn et al.,2000;Xiao et al.,2003,2004a,b;Yakubchuk,2002, 2004),extends across central eurasia for almost 5000 km (Fig.1).These combined orogenic collages are also known from the Russian literature as the Central Asian fold belt,

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Statistical survey on the magnetic field in magnetotail current sheets: Cluster observations

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第23期55卷 2542-2547页

作者： RONG ZhaoJin SHeN Chao LUCeK e BALOGH A YAO Li Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China College of earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Imperial College London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

The distribution properties of the magnetic field in magnetotail current sheets have been explored statistically with the magnetic measurement data of the Cluster mission from June to November of the years 2001–*** is found that,on average,the strength of the magnetic field and its Bz component in the current sheet are weaker in the region close to midnight but stronger near the dawnside and duskside flanks,which implies that,in general,a thinner current sheet occurs near midnight and thicker ones near both *** occurrence of tail current sheet flapping is higher on both flanks than in the midnight region,although it is most frequent in the dawn *** sheets with a negative Bz component or a strong By component have a higher probability of occurring at magnetic local times of 21:00–01:00,indicating that magnetic activity,*** reconnection and current disruption occur more frequently ***,the probability distributions of the By component and the tilt angle of magnetic field lines in the current sheet are approximately normal distributions,and the occurrence probability of the flattened current sheet is about one third that of the normal current *** magnetic field and Bz component in the current sheet mainly vary from 1 nT to 10 *** By component in the tail central current sheet is on average twice the IMF By at 1 AU.

关键词：统计调查磁场分布电流片集群磁尾国际货币基金组织概率分布倾斜角度

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ULF Waves Associated with Solar Wind Deceleration in the earth＇s Foreshock

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第11期26卷 258-261页

作者：符慧山曹晋滨杨彪 Lucek e Reme H Dandouras I State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Center for Space Science and Applied Research Beijing 100190 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing 100190 Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 Blackett Laboratory Imperial College Prince Consort Road London SW7 2BZ UK Centre d'etude Spatiale des Rayonnements 31028 Toulouse France

Characteristics of ULF waves associated with the solar wind deceleration in the earth＇s foreshock on 6-7 April 2003 is studied using the wave telescope technique. In the satellite frame, the ULF waves are the left-handed polarized and quasi anti-parallel propagating mode, with a power peak at about 18.63mHz. The wave vector in the GSe coordinates is estimated to be k = （-4.29, 2.28, 1.21）×10^-4 km^-1, In the solar wind frame, the frequency of waves becomes - 9.39 mHz after the Doppler shift correction. The propagation direction of the waves is thus reversed and correspondingly the polarization of the waves becomes right-handed. The above-mentioned characteristics of the ULF waves in the solar wind frame indicate that the ULF waves associated with the solar wind deceleration are the Alfven-whistler waves, which have been frequently reported in both the observations and computer simulations.

关键词： Plasma physics environmental and earth science Astrophysics and astroparticles

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