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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in surgical practice:A randomised trial of triple versus quadruple therapy in a rural district general hospital

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3855-3860页

作者： Siok Siong Ching Sivakumaran Sabanathan lloyd R Jenkinson Clinical Research Fellow in General Surgery Leeds General Infirmary Department of Surgery Ysbyty Gwynedd

AIM: To compare a lansoprazole-based triple versus quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication with emphasis on side effect prof ile,patient compliance and eradication rate at a rural district general hospital in Wales,United Kingdom. METHODS: One hundred one patients with H pylori infection were included in the study. Patients were randomised to receive triple therapy comprising of lansoprazole 30 mg,amoxycillin 1 g,clarithromycin 500 mg,all b.d. (LAC),or quadruple therapy comprising of lansoprazole 30 mg b.d.,metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s.,bismuth subcitrate 240 mg b.d.,and tetracycline chloride 500 mg q.d.s. (LMBT). Cure was defi ned as a negative 13C urea breath test 2 mo after treatment. RESULTS: Seven patients were withdrawn after randomisation. Fifty patients were assigned to LAC group and 44 to LMBT group. The intention-to-treat cure rates were 92% and 91%,whereas the per-protocol cure rates were 92% and 97%,respectively. Side effects were common,with 56% experiencingmoderate to severe symptoms in the LAC group and 59% in the LMBT group. Symptoms of vomiting,diarrhoea and black stools were significantly more common in the LMBT group. Patient compliance was 100% for triple therapy and 86% for quadruple therapy (P < 0.01). One-third of patients in both groups were still taking acid-reducing medications at six-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: One-week triple and quadruple therapies have similar intention-to-treat eradication rates. Certain side effects are more common with quadruple therapy,which can compromise patient compliance. Patient education or modifi cations to the regimen are alternative options to improve compliance of the quadruple regimen.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Triple therapy Quadruple therapy Side effects Treatment compliance Eradication rate

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Reliability of the Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler's soft song in male-male conflict

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 107-112页

作者： Canwei Xia Boye Liu Daiping Wang Huw lloyd Yanyun Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University

Background: Soft song is a low-amplitude song produced by many birds. Recent studies have confirmed that soft song is an aggressive signal. For example, the Brownish-flanked Bush Warblers Cettia fortipes use soft song in male-male conflicts, particularly prior to attacks. Although stable signaling systems require that signals be honest on average,models predict that cheating is an acceptable strategy for some individuals or in some ***: This study aimed to test the reliability of soft song as an aggressive signal in the brownish-flanked bush warbler. We used mounted specimens accompanied by broadcast songs or soft songs to simulate a male attempting to invade an existing ***: We found the mounted specimen that coupled playback of soft songs suffered more and quicker attacks from the territory owner and that the relationship between soft song and subsequent attack in the territory owner was far from perfect. We observed territory owners that both over-signaled(i.e., produced soft song but did not attack) and under-signaled(i.e., attacked without producing soft song). Under-signaling territory owners were relatively more commonly than were over-signaling territory owners, particularly in simulated intrusion that coupled playback of soft song with a mount ***: We discuss the cost of producing soft song and the potential benefit of the unreliable use of soft song and propose a new hypothesis for under-signaling with soft song; i.e., under-signaling territory owners might benefit from taking the initiative in fights.

关键词： Aggressive signal Brownish-flanked Bush Warbler Cost Reliability Soft song

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Identification of vocal individuality in male cuckoos using different analytical techniques

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 134-140页

作者： Yang Li Canwei Xia Huw lloyd Donglai Li Yanyun Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University School of Science and Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention College of Life Sciences Liaoning University

Background: Individuality in vocalizations may provide an effective tool for surveying populations of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) but there remains few data on which technique to use to identify individuality. In this research, we compared the within-and between-individual variation in cuckoo calls using two different analytical methods, and discuss the feasibility of using call individuality to count male cuckoos within a ***: We recorded vocalization from 13 males, and measured 15 spectro-temporal variables for each call. The majority of these call variables(n = 12) have greater variation between individuals than within individual. We first calculated the similarity(Pearson's R) for each paired calls in order to find a threshold that could distinguish calls emitted from the same or different males, and then counted the number of males based on this distinction. Second, we used the more widely accepted technique of discriminant function analysis(DFA) to identify individual male cuckoos, and compared the correct rate of classifying individuals between the two analytical ***: Similarity of paired calls from the same male was significantly higher than from different males. Under a relatively broad threshold interval, we achieved a high(>90%) correct rate to distinguish calls and an accurate estimate of male numbers. Based on banded males(n = 3), we found the similarity of paired calls from different days was lower when compared with paired calls from the same day, but this change did not obscure individual identification, as similarity values of paired calls from different days were still larger than the threshold used to distinguish calls from the same or different males. DFA also yielded a high rate(91.9%) of correct classification of ***: Our study suggests that identifying individual vocalizations can form the basis of an appropriate survey method for counting male cuckoos within a population, provided the perf

关键词： Vocal individuality Avian acoustics Common Cuckoo Correlation analysis Discriminant function analysis

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Unsupervised ore/waste classification on open-cut mine faces using close-range hyperspectral data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 89-99页

作者： lloyd Windrim Arman Melkumyan Richard J.Murphy Anna Chlingaryan Raymond Leung Rio Tinto Centre for Mine Automation Australian Centre for Field RoboticsThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia

The remote mapping of minerals and discrimination of ore and waste on surfaces are important tasks for geological applications such as those in *** tasks have become possible using ground-based,close-range hyperspectral sensors which can remotely measure the reflectance properties of the environ-ment with high spatial and spectral ***,autonomous mapping of mineral spectra mea-sured on an open-cut mine face remains a challenging problem due to the subtleness of differences in spectral absorption features between mineral and rock classes as well as variability in the illumination of the *** additional layer of difficulty arises when there is no annotated data available to train a supervised learning algorithm.A pipeline for unsupervised mapping of spectra on a mine face is pro-posed which draws from several recent advances in the hyperspectral machine learning *** proposed pipeline brings together unsupervised and self-supervised algorithms in a unified system to map minerals on a mine face without the need for human-annotated training *** pipeline is eval-uated with a hyperspectral image dataset of an open-cut mine face comprising mineral ore martite and non-mineralised *** combined system is shown to produce a superior map to its constituent algo-rithms,and the consistency of its mapping capability is demonstrated using data acquired at two differ-ent times of day.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Mineral mapping Open-cut mine face Machine learning Convolutional neural networks Illumination invariance

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Real-time in situ detection and quantification of bacteria in the Arctic environment

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第2期7卷 35-45页

作者： Linda Powers Walther R.Ellis Jr. Christopher R.lloyd Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona Tuc sonAZ 85721 Department of Biomedical Enginering University of ArizonaTucsonAz 85721 MicroBioSystems of Arizona 1665.E 18th St.Suite 204TucsonAZ 85719

At present,there are no methods that determine the total micro ial load on an abiotic substra tein real *** utility of such a capability ranges from sterilization and medical diagnostics tothe search for new microorganisms in the environment and study of their ecological *** the development of a hand held,fluorescence detection device and demonstrate its applicability to the field detection of Arctic bacteria,This technology is based on the early pioneering work of Britton Chance which elucidated the intrinsic fiuorescence of a number ofmetabolites and protein cofactors in cels,including reduced pyridine nucleotides,cytochromesand flavins.A PDA controls the device(fluorescence excitation and data collection)and processesthe multiwavelength signals to yield bacterial cell counts,including cstimates of ive cells,deadcells and *** existing methods for cell counting,this method requires no samplecontact or addition of *** use of this technology is demonstrated with in situmea surements of two sub-glacial microbial communities at sites in Palander and colonized surfacerocks in the Bockijord Volcanic Complex during AMASE 2008(Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition),The total bacterial load on the interrogated sample surfaces ranged from1o9 cells/cm^(2).

关键词： Intrinsic fuorescence microbial sensor optical detection amplitude modulation Svalbard Archipelago.

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Comparing post-release survival and habitat use by captive-bred Cabot's Tragopan(Tragopan caboti) in an experimental test of soft-release reintroduction strategies

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Chinese Birds 2016年第3期7卷 133-141页

作者： Boye Liu Li Li Huw lloyd Canwei Xia Yanyun Zhang Guangmei Zheng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Hunan Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Center School of Science and Environment Manchester Metropolitan University

Background: Restoring a viable population by reintroduction is the ultimate goal of a large number of ex situ conservation projects for endangered animals. However, many reintroductions fail to establish a population in the wild, partly because released animals cannot acclimate to the native environment of the release site, resulting in very low survival rates. Acclimation training is a technique to resolve this problem, although it does not have positive results in all species. We tested whether acclimation training and soft-release could improve the reintroduction success for captive-bred Cabot's Tragopan(Tragopan caboti), an endangered pheasant in southern ***: Reintroduction of captive-bred Cabot's Tragopan was carried out in the Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve, China from 2010 to 2011. We built a soft-release enclosure for acclimation training in the typical montane habitat of this pheasant. Nine birds were acclimated to the environment of this release site in this cage for more than 50 days before release("trained birds"), while 11 birds remained only in the cage for 3 days prior to release("untrained birds"). Released birds were tagged with a collar ***: Post-release monitoring revealed that the survival rate of trained birds was higher than that of untrained birds after 50 days(trained: 85.7%; untrained: 20.0%). Cox regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the mortality rates between the trained and untrained birds. In addition, a survey of the habitat of the experimental and the control groups showed significant differences in habitat selection between the ***: Our study suggests that pre-release acclimatization training is an important factor that can lead to improved survival and habitat selection of captive-bred reintroduced tragopans.

关键词： Diet Habitat selection Post-release survival Reintroduction Survival rate

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Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on Erythrocyte Immune Adherence of Chickens Inoculated with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第11期6卷 1402-1408页

作者： LI Hong-quan lloyd Reeve-Johnson WANGJun-dong College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 P.R.China Schools of Veterinary Science Seddon Buildings University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

Two hundred and forty specific pathogen free leghorn chickens were randomly divided into four groups and reared in isolated pens. The tested chickens were negative to infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV） at 25 d old. Group 1 was treated with saline, whereas Groups 2, 3, and 4 were inoculated with 0.3 mL IBDV suspension intranasally the next day. Groups 3 and 4 were also administered with Astragalus polysaccharides （APS） intramuscularly twice daily at 5 or 10 mg kg-1 BW, respectively, until 31 d old. The erythrocyte-C3b receptor rosette rate （E-C3bRR） and the erythrocyte-C3b immune complex rosette rate （E-ICRR） were measured at 25, 29, 32, 35, and 38 d old. The results showed that IBDV significantly reduced E-C3bRR and E-ICRR when compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）, while simultaneous administration of APS with 1BDV maintained E-C3bRR at similar levels to the control group （P 〉 0.05） and increased E-ICRR when compared with the control group and the group non-treated with APS （P 〈 0.05）. APS treatment reduced the morbidity and mortality of chickens inoculated with IBDV （P 〈 0.05）. The results suggest that APS may enhance the immune adherence of chickens erythrocytes by affecting the activity and/or the number of complement receptors on the erythrocyte membrane. These findings can be beneficial in providing an understanding of the basic mechanisms required for the rational application of APS in modern medicine.

关键词： Astragalus polysaccharides chicken infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) erythrocyte immune modulation herbal therapy

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Interobserver error in grassland vegetation surveys:sources and implications

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 641-648页

作者： lloyd W.Morrison Sherry A.Leis Michael D.DeBacker Department of Biology Missouri State University901 S.National AvenueSpringfieldMO 65897USA National Park Service Heartland Inventory and Monitoring ProgramWilson’s Creek National Battlefield6424 W.Farm Road 182RepublicMO 65738USA

Aims Observer error is an unavoidable aspect of vegetation surveys involving human *** quantified four components of interobserver error associated with long-term monitoring of prairie vegetation:overlooking error,misidentification error,cautious error and estimation *** also evaluated the association of plot size with pseudoturnover due to observer error,and how documented pseudochanges in species composition and abundance compared with recorded changes in the vegetation over a 4-year *** This study was conducted at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve,*** sites contained 10 plots;each plot consisted of a series of four nested frames(0.01,0.1,1 and 10 m^(2)).The herbaceous species present were recorded in each of the nested frames,and foliar cover was visually estimated within seven cover categories at the 10 m^(2)spatial scale *** hundred total plots(30 sites)were surveyed,and 28 plots selected at random were resurveyed to assess observer *** surveyors worked in teams of *** Findings At the 10 m^(2)spatial scale,pseudoturnover resulting from overlooking error averaged 18.6%,compared with 1.4%resulting from misidentification error and 0.6%resulting from cautious *** resulting from overlooking error increased as plot size decreased,although relocation error likely played a *** change in species composition over a 4-year interval(excluding potential misidentification error and cautious error)was 30.7%,which encompassed both pseudoturnover due to overlooking error and actual *** a documented overlooking error rate of 18.6%,this suggests the actual change for the 4-year period was only 12.1%.For estimation error,26.2%of the time a different cover class was *** the 4-year interval,46.9%of all records revealed different cover classes,suggesting that 56%of the records of change in cover between the two time periods were due to observer error.

关键词： cautious error estimation error misidentification error observer error overlooking error pseudoturnover

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Saltmarsh vegetation and social environment influence flexible seasonal vigilance strategies for two sympatric migratory curlew species in adjacent coastal habitats

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 327-337页

作者： Jing Zhang Hang Zhang Yu Liu Huw lloyd Jianqiang Li Zhengwang Zhang Donglai Li Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Preven-tion College of Life SciencesLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBei-jing 100875China Ecology and Environment Research Centre Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityChester StreetManchester M15GDUK School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China.

Background:Animals need to adjust their vigilance strategies when foraging between physically contrasting veg-etated and non-vegetated *** habitats may pose a greater risk for some if vegetation characteristics function as a visual obstruction but benefit others if they serve as protective *** in group size,presence of similar species,along with variation in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance can also influence vigilance ***:In this study,we quantified the vigilance behaviour of two large-bodied,sympatric migratory curlew species-Far Eastern Curlew(Numenius madagascariensis)and Eurasian Curlew(***)-in vegetated Suaeda salsa saltmarsh and non-vegetated mudflat habitat in Liaohekou National Nature Reserve,*** used linear mixed models to examine the effects of habitat type,season,tide time,flock size(conspecific and heterospecific),and human disturbance on curlew vigilance ***:Both species spent a higher percentage of time under visual obstruction in *** habitat compared to mudflat habitat but in response,only Far Eastern Curlew increased their percentage of vigilance time,indicating that visual obstruction in this habitat is only a concern for this *** was no evidence that *** vegetation served as a form of cryptic background colouration since neither species decreased their vigilance effect in *** habitat in spring compared to the autumn migration *** effect of curlew social environment(*** size)was habitat dependent since percentage of vigilance time by curlews in saltmarsh increased with both the number of individual curlews and number of other birds present,but not in mudflat ***:We conclude that both migratory curlew species exhibit a flexible vigilance adjustment strategy to cope with the different environmental and social conditions of adjacent and sharply contrasting coastal habitats,and that the trade-off between the ris

关键词： Flock size Foraging behaviour Linear mixed models Numenius curlews Suaeda salsa saltmarsh Vigilance Yellow Sea

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Framework for atomic-level characterisation of quantum computer arrays by machine learning

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1513-1520页

作者： Muhammad Usman Yi Zheng Wong Charles D.Hill lloyd C.L.Hollenberg Center for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Physics University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Computing and Information Systems Melbourne School of EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Mathematics and Statistics University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Atomic-level qubits in silicon are attractive candidates for large-scale quantum computing;however,their quantum properties and controllability are sensitive to details such as the number of donor atoms comprising a qubit and their precise *** work combines machine learning techniques with million-atom simulations of scanning tunnelling microscopic(STM)images of dopants to formulate a theoretical framework capable of determining the number of dopants at a particular qubit location and their positions with exact lattice site precision.A convolutional neural network(CNN)was trained on 100,000 simulated STM images,acquiring a characterisation fidelity(number and absolute donor positions)of>98% over a set of 17,600 test images including planar and blurring noise commensurate with experimental *** formalism is based on a systematic symmetry analysis and feature-detection processing of the STM images to optimise the computational *** technique is demonstrated for qubits formed by single and pairs of closely spaced donor atoms,with the potential to generalise it for larger donor *** method established here will enable a high-precision post-fabrication characterisation of dopant qubits in silicon,with high-throughput potentially alleviating the requirements on the level of resources required for quantum-based characterisation,which will otherwise be a challenge in the context of large qubit arrays for universal quantum computing.

关键词： quantum character donor

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