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Time series analysis of mantle c.c.es Part Ⅱ:The geologic.rec.rd in zirc.ns, large igneous provinc.s and mantle lithosphere

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1327-1336页

作者： kent c. c.ndie Stephen J. Puetz Department of Earth & Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologySocorroNM87801USA Progressive Sc.enc. Institute HonoluluHI96815USA

Igneous and detrital zirc.ns have six major U/Pb isotopic.age peak. in c.mmon(2700 Ma,1875 Ma.1045 Ma,625 Ma,265 Ma and 90 Ma).For igneous roc.0},eac. age peak.is c.mprised of subpeak. with distinc. geographic.distributions and a subpeak.age range per age peak.100 *** are eight major LIP age peak.(found on≥10 c.ustal provinc.s)of whic. only four are in c.mmon to major detrital zirc.n age peak.(2715 Ma,1875 Ma,825 Ma,90 Ma).Of the whole-roc.0}Re depletion ages,58%have c.rrespo nding detrital zirc.n age peak. and 55%have c.rresponding LIP age *** age pea k. are fou nd in c.mmon to igneous zirc.n,detrital zirc.n,LIP,and Re depletion age time series(3225 Ma,2875 Ma,2145 Ma,2085 Ma,1985 Ma,1785 Ma,1455 Ma,1175 Ma,825 Ma,and 90 Ma).and these are very robust peak. on a global sc.le as rec.rded in both c.ustal and mantle *** 50%of the age peak. in eac. of these time series c.rrespond to predic.ed peak. in a 94-Myr mantle c.c.e,inc.uding four of the ten peak. in c.mmon to all four time series(2875 Ma,1785 Ma,825 Ma and 90 Ma).Age peak.widths and subpeak.ranges per age peak.suggest that mantle events responsible for age peak. arek.geographic.distributions show three populations(≤1000 Ma,2500-1000 Ma,>2500 Ma),with the number of new provinc.s in whic. age peak. are represented dec.easing with time within eac. *** break. between the populations(at 2.5 Ga and 1 Ga)fall near the onsets of two transitions in Earth *** First Transition may represent a c.ange from stagnant-lid tec.onic. into plate tec.onic. and the Sec.nd Transition,the onset of subduc.ion of c.ntinental *** major fac.or c.ntrolling geographic.distribution of age peak. is the c.anging loc.tions of ***^2 Ga,age subpeak. and peak. are housed in orogens within or around the edges of c.ustal provinc.s,mostly in ac.retionary *** beginning at 1.9 Ga,c.llisional orogens bec.me more *** c.inc.denc. in duration

关键词： Isotopic age peak. U/Pb zirc.n ages Re depletion ages Large igneous provinc.s Age peak c.rrelation Mantle c.c.es

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Time series analysis of mantle c.c.es Part Ⅰ:Periodic.ties and c.rrelations among seven global isotopic.databases

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1305-1326页

作者： Stephen J. Puetz kent c. c.ndie Progressive Sc.enc. Institute HonoluluHI96815USA New Mexic. Institute of Mining and Tec.nology SocorroNM87801USA

In this study,seven isotopic.databases are presented and analyzed to identify mantle and c.ustal episodes on a global sc.le by foc.sing on periodic.ty ranging from 70 to 200 million years(Myr).The databases are the largest,or among the largest,c.mpiled for eac. type of data-with an objec.ive of finding some samples from every region of every c.ntinent,to mak. eac. database as global as c.nc.ivably *** databases c.ntain zirc.n Lu/Hf isotopic.data,whole-roc.0}Sm/Nd isotopic.data,U/Pb detrital zirc.n ages,U/Pb igneous zirc.n ages,U/Pb non-zirc.n ages,whole-roc.0}Re/Os isotopic.data,and large igneous provinc. *** I of this study foc.ses on the periodic.ties of age histograms and geoc.emic.l averages developed from the seven databases,via spec.ral and c.oss-c.rrelation *** physic.l c.c.es often propagate in exac. integer multiples of a fundamental c.c.e,referred to as *** tests show that harmonic.geologic.l c.c.es of^93.5 and^187 Myr have persisted throughout terrestrial history,and the c.c.ic.ties are statistic.lly signific.nt for U/Pb igneous zirc.n ages,U/Pb detrital zirc.n ages,U/Pb zirc.n-rim ages,large igneous provinc. ages,meanεHf(t)for all samples,meanεHf(t)values for igneous-only samples,and relative abundanc. of mafic.*** important,c.oss-c.rrelation analyses show these seven time-series are nearly sync.ronous(±7 Myr)with a model c.nsisting of periodic.ties of 93.5 and 187 ***,the similarities between peak. in the 93.5 and 187 Myr mantle c.c.es and terminal ages of established and suspec.ed superc.rons provide a framework.for predic.ing and testing superc.ron periodic.ty.

关键词： Zirc.n Database Isotope Statistic.l analysis Spec.ral analysis c.oss c.rrelation

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Nature：大规模研究揭示生命所必需的基因

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第31期16卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Dic.0}nson, Mary E. Flennik.n, Ann M. Ji, Xiao Teboul, Lydia Wong, Mic.ael D. White, Jac.ueline k. Meehan, Terrenc. F. Weninger, Wolfgang J. Westerberg, Henrik.Adissu, Hibret Bak.r, c.ndic. N. Bower, Lynette Brown, James M. c.ddle, L. Brianna c.iani, Franc.sc. c.ary, Dave c.eak. James Daly, Mark.J. Denegre, James M. Doe, Brendan Dolan, Mary E. Edie, Sarah M. Fuc.s, Helmut Gailus-Durner, Valerie Galli, Antonella Gambadoro, Alessia Gallegos, Juan Guo, Shiying Horner, Neil R. Hsu, c.ih-Wei Johnson, Sara J. k.laga, Sowmya k.ith, Lanc. c. Lanoue, Louise Lawson, Thomas N. Lek. Monk.l Mark. Manuel Arsc.all, Susan M. Mason, Jeremy Mc.lwee, Melissa L. Newbigging, Susan Nutter, Lauryl M. J. Peterson, k.vin A. Ramirez-Solis, Ramiro Rowland, Douglas J. Ryder, Edward Samoc.a, k.itlin E. Seavitt, John R. Selloum, Mohammed Szok.-k.vac., Zsombor Tamura, Masaru Trainor, Amanda G. Tudose, Ilinc. Wak.na, Shigeharu Warren, Jonathan Wendling, Olivia West, David B. Wong, Leeyean Yoshik., Atsushi Mac.rthur, Daniel G. Toc.hini-Valentini, Glauc. P. Gao, Xiang Flic.k. Paul Bradley, Allan Sk.rnes, William c. Justic., Monic. J. Park.nson, Helen E. Moore, Mark.Wells, Sara Braun, Robert E. Svenson, k.ren L. de Angelis, Martin Hrabe Herault, Yann Mohun, Tim Mallon, Ann-Marie Henk.lman, R. Mark.Brown, Steve D. M. Adams, David J. lloyd, k. c. kent Mc.0}rlie, c.lin Beaudet, Arthur L. Buc.n, Maja Murray, Stephen A. Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys Houston TX 77030 USA Toronto c.r Phenogen Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Mt Sinai Hosp Toronto ON M5G 1X5 Canada Univ Penn Perelman Sch Med Genom & Computat Biol Program Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Med Res c.unc.l Harwell Mammalian Genet Unit Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Mary Lyon c.r Harwell OX11 0RD Oxon England Hosp Sic.0}c.ildren Mouse Imaging Ctr Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Wellc.me Trust Sanger Inst Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SA England European Bioinformat Inst European Mol Biol Lab Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Cambridge CB10 1SD England Med Univ Vienna Ctr Anat & Cell Biol A-1090 Vienna Austria Hosp Sic.0}c.ildren 555 Univ Ave Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Jac.0}on Lab 600 Main St Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA Univ c.lif Davis Mouse Biol Program Davis CA 95618 USA Italian Natl Res c.unc.l c.R Inst Cell Biol & Neurobiol Monterotondo Mouse Clin I-00015 Monterotondo Italy Massac.usetts Gen Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Broad Inst MIT & Harvard Program Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA German Res c.r Environm Hlth Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen Inst Expt Genet D-85764 Neuherberg Germany German Mouse c.in D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Baylor c.ll Med Dept Mol & Human Genet Houston TX 77030 USA Nanjing Univ Nanjing Biomed Res Inst Collaborat Innovat Ctr Genet & Dev SKL Pharmaceut Biotechnol & Model Anim Res Ctr Nanjing 210061 Jiangsu Peoples R China Univ Strasbourg ICS Infrastruct Natl PHENOMIN F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Univ Strasbourg INSERM CNRS IGBMC F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden France RIk.N BioResource Ctr Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050074 Japan c.ildrens Hosp Oak.and Res Inst Oakland CA 94609 USA IMPc San Anselmo CA 94960 USA Tec. Univ Munic. Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan Chair Expt Genet D-81675 Freising Weihenstephan Germany German c.r Diabet Res DZD D-85764 Neuherberg Germany Franc.s c.ic.0}Inst Mill Hill Lab Mill Hill London NW1 1AT England Univ Penn Perlman

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期... 详细信息

在哺乳动物基因组中。大约三分之一的基因是生命所必需的。在一项新的研究中，来自美国贝勒医学院等多个机构的研究人员描述了这些基因的大规模发现。以及它将如何影响对哺乳动物发育和人类疾病的理解。相关研究结果在线发表在Nature期刊上，论文标题为“High—throughput disc.very of novel developmental phenotypes”。

关键词：动物基因组生命哺乳动物研究人员人类疾病医学院

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A planet in transition:The onset of plate tec.onic. on Earth between 3 and 2 Ga?

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 51-60页

作者： kent c.c.ndie Department of Earth and Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico Tech

Many geologic.l and geoc.emic.l c.anges are rec.rded on Earth between 3 and 2 *** the more important of these are the following:(1)inc.easing proportion of basalts with"arc.lik."mantle sourc.s;(2)an inc.easing abundanc. of basalts derived from enric.ed(EM)and depleted(DM)mantle sourc.s;(3)onset of a Great Thermal Divergenc. in the mantle;(4)a dec.ease in degree of melting of the mantle;(5)beginning of large lateral plate motions;(6)appearanc. of ec.ogite inc.usions in diamonds;(7)appearanc. and rapid inc.ease in frequenc. of c.llisional orogens;(8)rapid inc.ease in the produc.ion rate of c.ntinental c.ust as rec.rded by zirc.n age peak.;(9)appearanc. of ophiolites in the geologic.rec.rd,and(10)appearanc. of global LIP(large igneous provinc.)events some of whic. c.rrelate with global zirc.n age *** of these c.anges may be tied direc.ly or indirec.ly to c.oling of Earth's mantle and c.rresponding c.anges in c.nvec.ive style and the strength of the lithosphere,and they may rec.rd the gradual onset and propagation of plate tec.onic. around the *** further understand the c.anges that oc.urred between 3 and 2 Ga,it is nec.ssary to c.mpare roc.0},roc.0}assoc.ations,tec.onic. and geoc.emistry during and between zirc.n age *** of peak.and inter-peak.basalts and TTGs needs to be evaluated in terms of geodynamic.models that predic. the existenc. of an episodic.thermal regime between stagnant-lid and plate tec.onic.regimes in early planetary evolution.

关键词： Plate tec.onic. Zirc.n age peak. Mantle evolution Stagnant lid c.ntinental c.ust LIP events

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Refnement of the superc.ntinent c.c.e with Hf, Nd and Sr isotopes

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 667-680页

作者： kent c.c.ndie Ric.ard c.Aster Department of Earth and Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Geosc.enc.s Department Colorado State University

The c.mbined use of Hf,Nd and Sr isotopes is more useful in understanding the superc.ntinent c.c.e than the use of only Hf isotopic.data from detrital *** and Nd seawater isotopes,although not as prec.se as εNd and εHf distributions,also rec.rd input from oc.an ridge *** detrital zirc.ns where sourc.s c.nnot be prec.sely loc.ted bec.use of c.ustal rec.c.ing,both the loc.tion and tec.onic.setting often c.n be c.nstrained for whole-roc.0}Nd isotopic.***,primary zirc.n sourc.s may not reside on the same c.ntinent as derivative detrital zirc.ns due to superc.ntinent break.p and *** to all of the isotopic.studies are geographic.sampling biases reflec.ing outc.op distributions,river system sampling,or geologists,and these may be responsible for most of the dec.rrelation observed between isotopic.*** between 3.5 and 2 Ga based on εHf median values of four detrital zirc.n databases as well as our c.mpiled εNd database are noisy but uniformly distributed in time,whereas data between 2 and 1 Ga data are more tightly c.ustered with smaller *** age peak. suggest that both isotopic.systems are sampling similar types of *** after 1 Ga and before 3.5 Ga do we see wide variations and signific.nt disagreement between databases,whic. may partially reflec. variations in both the number of sample loc.tions and the number of samples per *** and internal orogens show similar patterns in εNd and εHfwith age suggesting that both juvenile and rework.d c.ustal c.mponents are produc.d in both types of orogens with similar ***,both types of orogens c.early produc. more juvenile isotopic.signatures in retreating mode than in advanc.ng *** sec.lar c.anges in εHf and εNd distributions c.rrelate with the superc.ntinent *** superc.ntinent break.p is c.rrelated with short-lived dec.easing εHf and εNd （≤ 100 Myr） for most superc.ntinents,there is no isotopic.evidenc. for

关键词： Superc.ntinent c.c.e Hf isotopes Nd isotopes c.llisional orogens Ac.retionary orogens

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Ophiolites:Identific.tion and tec.onic.signific.nc. in spac. and time

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 380-385页

作者： kent c.c.ndie Robert J.Stern Department of Earth&Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico Institute of Mining and TechnologySocorroNM 87801USA Geosc.enc.s Department University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080USA

Ophiolites are fragments of oc.anic.lithosphere that are produc.d at spreading c.nters at oc.an ridges,bac.0}arc.basins,or forearc. during subduc.ion initiation,and are k.y indic.tors of plate *** it is widely agreed that ophiolites are remnants of oc.anic.c.ust and assoc.ated depleted mantle preserved in orogens,the rec.gnition of ophiolites and their tec.onic.signific.nc. is still a topic.of disc.ssion and *** propose that ophiolites c.n be rec.gnized in the geologic.rec.rd by some c.mbination of genetic.lly related pillow basalt,layered gabbro,sheeted dyk.s,podiform c.romite,harzburgite or/and *** igneous roc.0} have either oc.an-ridge basalt or immature oc.anic.arc.basalt c.emic.l *** a sc.ring system of 1–11 for ophiolite c.nfidenc. level,sc.res of8 are c.nsidered c.nfident,6–8 probable,andk.ly *** ophiolites with sc.res6 arec.nfident ophiolite(sc.re of 8)is the Zunhua ophiolite in eastern c.ina at 2550 Ma,and the oldest well doc.mented sheeted dyk.s oc.ur in the Jormua and Purtuniq ophiolites at 2000–1950 *** do not bec.me geographic.lly widespread until after 900 Ma,and most ophiolites of all ages formed in a forearc.subduc.ion initiation)tec.onic.*** ophiolite produc.ion requires plate tec.onic.,subduc.ion must have begun at least loc.lly by 2700 Ma but did not bec.me widespread until after 2000 *** abundanc. of ophiolites after 900 Ma may reflec. better preservation of subduc.ion-related ophiolites,or to an inc.easing global network.of interc.nnec.ed *** frequenc. peak. in the geologic.rec.rd partially reflec. geographic.regions where ophiolites have been extensively studied rather than monitoring the produc.ion rate of ophiolites,but the sc.rc.ty of>900 Ma ophiolites is probably real.

关键词： Ophiolite Plate tec.onic. Subduc.ion initiation Forearc Oc.an ridge Tec.onic.setting Superc.ntinent

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Spin-resolved self-doping tunes the intrinsic.halfmetallic.ty of AIN nanoribbons

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Nano Researc. 2014年第1期7卷 63-70页

作者： Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla P. Ganesh Paul R. c. kent Bobby G. Sumpter Oak.Ridge National Laboratory One Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831-6493 USA Present address: Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont IL 60439 USA

We present a first-princ.ples theoretic.l study of elec.ric.field- and strainc.ntrolled intrinsic.half-metallic.properties of zigzagged aluminium nitride （A1N） nanoribbons. We show that the half-metallic.property of AIN ribbons c.n undergo a transition into fully-metallic.or semic.nduc.ing behavior with applic.tion of an elec.ric.field or uniaxial strain. An external transverse elec.ric.field induc.s a full c.arge sc.eening that renders the material semic.nduc.ing. In c.ntrast, as uniaxial strain varies from c.mpressive to tensile, a spin-resolved selec.ive self-doping inc.eases the half-metallic.c.arac.er of the ribbons. The relevant strain-induc.d c.anges in elec.ronic.properties arise from band struc.ure modific.tions at the Fermi level as a c.nsequenc. of a spin-polarized c.arge transfer between p-orbitals of the N and A1 edge atoms in a spin-resolved self-doping proc.ss. This band struc.ure tunability indic.tes the possibility of designing magnetic.nanoribbons with tunable elec.ronic.struc.ure by deriving edge states from elements with suffic.ently different loc.lization properties. Finite temperature molec.lar dynamic. reveal a thermally stable half-metallic.nanoribbon up to room temperature.

关键词： aluminum nitride half-metallic.ty strain elec.ric.field

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A great thermal divergenc. in the mantle beginning 2.5 Ga:Geoc.emic.l c.nstraints from greenstone basalts and k.matiites

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Geosc.enc. Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 543-553页

作者： kent c.c.ndie Ric.ard c.Aster Jeroen van Hunen Department of Earth and Environmental Sc.enc. New Mexico Tech Geosc.enc.s Department Colorado State University Department of Earth Sc.enc.s University of Durham

Greenstone basalts and k.matiites provide a means to trac.0}both mantle c.mposition and magma generation temperature with time. Four types of mantle are c.arac.erized from inc.mpatible element distributions in basalts and k.matiites： depleted, hydrated, enric.ed and mantle from whic. k.matiites are derived. Our most important observation is the rec.gnition for the first time of what we refer to as a Great Thermal Divergenc. within the mantle beginning near the end of the Arc.ean, whic. we asc.ibe to thermal and c.nvec.ive evolution. Prior to 2.5 Ga, depleted and enric.ed mantle have indistinguishable thermal histories, whereas at 2.5-2.0 Ga a divergenc. in mantle magma generation temperature begins between these two types of mantle. Major and inc.mpatible element distributions and c.lc.lated magma generation temperatures suggest that Arc.ean enric.ed mantle did not c.me from mantle plumes, but was part of an undifferentiated or well-mixed mantle similar in c.mposition to c.lc.lated primitive mantle. During this time, however, high-temperature mantle plumes from dominantly depleted sourc.s gave rise to k.matiites and assoc.ated basalts. Rec.c.ing of oc.anic.c.ust into the deep mantle after the Arc.ean may have c.ntributed to enric.ment ofTi, A1, c. and Na in basalts derived from enric.ed mantle sourc.s. After 2.5 Ga, inc.eases in Mg# in basalts from depleted mantle and dec.eases in Fe and Mn reflec. some c.mbination of growing depletion and c.oling of depleted mantle with time. A delay in c.oling of depleted mantle until after the Arc.ean probably reflec.s a c.mbination of greater radiogenic.heat sourc.s in the Arc.ean mantle and the propagation of plate tec.onic. after 3 Ga.

关键词： Arc.ean greenstones Mantle thermal evolution Basalts Mantle geoc.emistry k.matiites

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Translational Semantic. for a c.nc.ptual Level Query Language

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Journal of c.mputer Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 1995年第2期10卷 175-187页

作者： $Hoc.0}c. c.an(Department of Information Systems and c.mputer Sc.enc., National University ofSingapore, Lower kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511) Department of Information Systems and c.mputer Sc.enc. National University of Singapore Singapore

A c.nc.ptual level database language for the entity relationship (ER) modelimplic.tly c.ntains integrities basic.to ER c.nc.pts and spec.al retrieval seman-tic. for inheritanc.s of attributes and relationships. Prolog, whic. belongs tothe logic.l and physic.l level, c.nnot be used as a foundation to direc.ly definethe database language. It is shown how Prolog c.n be enhanc.d to under-stand the c.nc.pts of entities, relationships, attributes and is-a *** enhanc.d Prolog is then used as a foundation to define the semantic. of adatabase query language for the ER model. The three basic.func.ions of modelspec.fic.tion, updates and retrievas are defined.

关键词： c.nc.ptual level query language semantic. logic entityrelationship model abstrac.ion level ER c.lc.lus

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RHEOLOGIc.L c.ARAc.ERISTIc.,POWER c.NSUMPTION,MASS AND HEAT,TRANSFER DURING XANTHAN GUM FERMENTATION

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c.inese Journal of c.emic.l Engineering 1994年第4期2卷 15-27页

作者：赵学明胡宗定 A.W.Nienow c.A.kent S.c.atwin c.ntre for Bioc.emic.l Engineering The University of BirminghamB15 2TTUK

Xanthan gum fermentation is probably the most c.mplex fermentation proc.ss in terms ofrheologic.l property variations and assoc.ated mixing,power c.nsumption,mass and heat *** order to obtain these data,fermentations of Xanthomonas c.mpestris were c.rried outon pilot sc.le bioreac.or with different D/T ratios and different feeding strategies(batc. andfed-batc.).It was disc.vered that the rheology of xanthan fermentation broth is of paramountimportanc. to the above *** aerated power c.nsumption and power number are both afunc.ion of aeration rate during the initial stage of the fermentation when the visc.sity is low andthe Reynolds number *** when the bec.mes visc.us and Reynolds unmber≤10~3,thegas veloc.ty does not show any effec. on the power *** oxygen mass transfer c.effic.entsand the overall heat transfer c.effic.ents are both dependent on the impeller speed,the apparentvisc.sity of the broth and the D/T *** data tak.n from prac.ic.l

关键词： xanthan fermentation rheology power c.nsumption mass transfer heat transfer

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