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Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1458-1463页

作者： CHEN Lin PAN Qin-jian Muhammad Saad WAQAS liu tong-xian State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/MOA Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

The oriental armyworm,Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural *** identification of *** is very important for understanding the biology and management of this *** of fast and convenient methods to identify *** female and male is the necessary prerequisite for con ducting gender-related *** this study,new methods to differentiate sex of *** at pupal and adult stages were *** results showed that posterior abdominal segments containing genital organs which are morphological traits to differentiate female and *** openings are important characters for the female and male pupae *** female pupa,it locates on the ventral side of eighth and ninth abdominal segments and appears as a visible longitudinal suture;for male pupa,it locates on the ventral side of the ninth abdominal segment and appears as a short slit surrounded by a pair of visible semicircular *** numbers are another indicator for sex differentiation of *** female has three-bristled frenulum and each male has one bristled-frenulum near the base of hind wing of each side of moth *** confirmed the two sex differentiation methods manually by dissecting genitalia of adults and found their genger was as same as what we examined the sex of pupae and adults using the morphological methods.

关键词： sex identification pupa and adult genital opening frenulum genitalia

Ultrastructure of the sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of larval and adult Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1409-1420页

作者： LI Yi-ping DU Xiao liu Fang-fang LI Yin liu tong-xian State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F University

Plutella xylostella （L.）（Plutellidae） is an important agricultural pest throughout the world. In this study, the morphology of antennal and mouthpart sensilla in the larvae and adults of P. xylostella （L.） was observed by using a scanning electron microscope. The larval antennae possess six sensilla basiconica, two sensilla chaetica and one sensillum styloconicum. Larval mouthparts possess six types of sensilla： sensilla chaetica, sensilla digitiformia, sensilla epipharyngeal, sensilla basiconica, sensilla styloconica and sensilla placodea. In the adult, seven types of sensilla are found on the antennae in males and six types of sensilla （sensilla basiconica absent） occur in females. Sexual dimorphism is also found in the number and size of these sensilla on the antennae of adults. We describe for the first time the five types of sensilla on the mouthparts of the adult of P. xylostella. This study provides useful information for further research into the function of these sensilla, and better understanding the behavioral mechanisms involved in pest control.

关键词： Plutella xylostella antenna mouthparts sensilla ultrastructure

Role of TRP channels and HSPs in thermal stress response in the aphid parasitoid Aphelinus asychis(Hymenoptera:Aphelinidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1530-1542页

作者： liu xiang KANG Zhi-wei YU Xing-lin LI Fan liu tong-xian LI Qiang Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650000P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Aphelinus asychis is an important aphid *** field and greenhouse conditions,high temperature is one of the factors limiting the application of A asychis for biological pest *** explore the potential role of transient receptor potential(TRP)channels and heat shock proteins(HSPs)in this process,we identified 11 genes encoding TRP channels and nine genes encoding *** proteins(AasyTRPA5,AasyPyrexia,AasyPainless)that belong to transient receptor potential ankyrin(TRPA)subfamily and nine HSPs are involved in the response to high *** also investigated the survival of A asychis and the response of the identified TRP channels and HSPs to high *** results showed that the maximum temperature that allowed *** survival was approximately 41°C;females had higher survival rates than that of the males at 40 and 41°***-term heat-shock resulted in increased expression of Amsysbsp in males,and Aasyhsp40,Aasyhsp68,Aasyhsp70-4,Aasyhsp70-5 and Aasyhsp90 were upregulated and then down regulated,whereas Aasyhsp70-3was upregulated at41°***,Aasyhsp40and Aasyhsp90showed higherexpression levels in females,while Aasyshsp and Aasyhsp70-3 presented opposite expression *** temperature above 35°C,expression of AasyPyrexia in females was significant higher than that in males,whereas AasyPainless mnd AasyTRPA5 presented higher expression in males at 40 and 41°C,***,these results indicate that protect!on against thermal stress in *** is coordinated by TRP channels and *** findings provide a basis for understanding the potential mechanism of A asychis in response to high temperatures.

关键词： Aphelinus asychis TRP channels heat-shock proteins thermal stress gene expression

Performance and transcriptomic response of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, feeding on resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 178-190页

作者： LAN Hao ZHANG Zhan-feng WU Jun CAO He-he liu tong-xian Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Northwest A&F UniversityYang ling 712100P.R.China

Plant resistance against insects mainly depends on nutrient restriction and toxic metabolites, but the relative importance of nutrition and toxins remains elusive. We examined performance, nutrition ingestion, and transcriptome response of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, feeding on resistant Xiaoyan 22(XY22) and susceptible Xinong 979(XN979) wheat cultivars. Aphids had lower body weight and fecundity when feeding on XY22 than on XN979, although the phloem sap of XY22 had a higher nutritive quality(in terms of amino acid:sucrose ratio). Aphids feeding on XY22 also had a lower honeydew excretion rate than those on XN979, suggesting that aphids ingested less phloem sap from XY22. The transcriptome data showed 600 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and 11 of the top 20 KEGG pathways significantly enriched in DEGs were involved in nutrient metabolism. We found 81 DEGs associated with the metabolism of sugars, lipids, and amino acids, 59 of which were significantly downregulated in aphids feeding on XY22. In contrast, there were 18 DEGs related to detoxifying metabolism, namely eight UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, six cytochromes P450 monooxygenases, one glutathione S-transferase, two ATP-binding cassette transporters, and one major facilitator superfamily transporter;12 of these were upregulated in the aphids feeding on XY22. Our results indicated that both the quantity and quality of phloem nutrition available to aphids are critical for the growth and development of aphids, and the higher resistance of XY22 is mainly due to the reduction in phloem sap ingested by aphids, rather than toxic metabolites.

关键词： plant–aphid interaction transcriptome response nutrition restriction

Transmission characteristics of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) by Bemisia tabaci MED and its effects on host preference of vector whitefly

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 2107-2114页

作者： WEI Ke-ke LI Jie DING Tian-bo liu tong-xian CHU Dong Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University

The epidemiology of Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV)in China is closely associated with its vector whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)***,the transmission characteristics of ToCV by *** MED remain poorly *** this study,we analyzed:1)the horizontal and vertical transmission of ToCV by *** MED whiteflies;2)the acquisition of ToCV by male and female *** MED whiteflies after different feeding durations;3)the transmission efficacy of viruliferous male and female *** MED whiteflies after different inoculation access periods(IAPs);4)the retention of ToCV by viruliferous male and female *** MED whiteflies after a 48 h acquisition access period(AAP);and 5)the effects of ToCV on host choice of healthy or ToCV-infected tomato plant of viruliferous and non-viruliferous *** MED at different time *** results showed that:1)viruliferous males could not transfer ToCV to non-viruliferous females,and vice versa,viruliferous females could not pass on ToCV to non-viruliferous *** could not be detected in the F1 generation adults;2)ToCV could be detected within 4.0%of females or males after a 20 min AAP;3)ToCV could be detected in 33.3%of tomato plants inoculated by 10 viruliferous males or females with IAPs of 20 or 30 min;4)the maximum retention time in females was 7 and 5 days in males;and 5)non-viruliferous *** MED did not show a preference for ToCV-infected tomato plants or healthy tomato ***,viruliferous *** MED whiteflies did prefer to settle on healthy tomato plants over ToCV-infected tomato *** findings will be helpful to better understand the epidemiology of the recently emerged plant virus,ToCV,in tomato fields in China.

关键词： Tomato chlorosis virus Bemisia tabaci MED transmission characteristics preference

Extract lithium from clay-type lithium ore by mixed acid and its mechanism Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 323-332页

作者： Wuchang Zhou Ruiqi Xie Xiong tong xian Xie Yang liu Zhihui Zhao Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China Technology Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Strategic Mineral Resources Ministry of Natural ResourcesChengdu610041China National&Regional Engineering Research Center for Green comprehensive Utilization of Tailing Resources from Metal Minerals Kunming650093China

A roasting-leaching test was carried out for the efficient utilization of clay-type lithium ore in the central region of Yunnan *** test used the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid as the leaching *** the conditions of roasting temperature of 600℃,roasting time of 1 h,liquid-solid ratio of 5:1,volume ratio of H_(2)SO_(4)solution to H_(3)PO_(4)solution of 45:5,leaching time of 2 h and leaching temperature of 80℃,the leaching rate of lithium was as high as 97.83%.The leaching mechanism was studied by SEM,pore property analysis,XRD and *** was found that the morphology of the ore changed obviously after roasting and leaching,and a certain degree of collapse and fragmentation occurred,which provided favorable spatial conditions for the leaching of *** porosity,total intrusion volume and total pore area also increased after roasting and leaching,thus promoting the leaching of Li^(+).The results showed that chemical reaction taken placed during the roasting and *** phase of the sample changed from chlorite,kaolinite and diaspore(boehmite)mainly to corundum,hematite,periclase and quartz after ***,after leaching,no new phase was produced in the ore sample,and no S and P elements were found on the surface of the ore sample,indicating that the leaching mechanism of lithium might be the ion exchange between H^(+)and Li^(+).

关键词： Clay-type lithium ore Lithium extraction Roasting Leaching

Assimilation of Polarimetric Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for the Analysis and Forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar(2018)

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2021年第2期27卷 94-108页

作者： LI Hui-qi liu xian-tong XIAO Hui WAN Qi-lin Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 China

This study explores the potential for directly assimilating polarimetric radar data(including reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity Z_(DR))using an ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model to improve analysis and forecast of Tropical Storm Ewiniar(2018).Ewiniar weakened but brought about heavy rainfall over Guangdong,China after its final *** the present study,two experiments are performed,one assimilating only Z and the other assimilating both Z and Z_(DR).Assimilation of Z_(DR)together with Z effectively modifies hydrometeor fields,and improves the forecast of the intensity,shape and position of *** of 24-hour extraordinary rainfall≥250 mm is significantly *** can also be seen in the wind fields because of cross-variable *** current study shows the possibility of applying polarimetric radar data to improve forecasting of tropical cyclones,which deserves more research in the future.

关键词： data assimilation polarimetric radar EnKF tropical cyclone heavy rainfall

SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIATION TRENDS OF HIERARCHICAL PRECIPITATION IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE OVER THE PAST 50 YEARS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2018年第1期24卷 82-91页

作者： liu xian-tong ZHENG Teng-fei WAN Qi-lin YU Xin Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology CMAGuangzhou 510640 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 China Guangdong Provincial Meteorological Observatory Guangzhou 510640 China

The climatic characteristics of the precipitation in Guangdong province over the past 50 years were analyzed based on the daily rainfall datasets of 86 stations from 1961 to 2010. The rainfall was divided into five categories according to its intensity, and their spatiotemporal characteristics and variation trends were investigated. The annual rainfall amount was within 1,500 to 2,000 mm over most parts of Guangdong, but substantial differences of rainfall amount and rainy days were found among different parts of the province. There were many rainy days in the dry seasons （October to March）, but the daily rainfall amounts are small. The rainy seasons （April to September） have not only many rainy days but also heavy daily rainfall amounts. The spatial distributions of light rainy days （1 mm〈P〈 10 mm） and moderate rainy days （10 mm〈P〈 25 mm） resemble each other. The heavy rainy days （25 mm〈P〈 50 mm）, rainstorm days （50 ram〈P〈 100 mm） and downpour days （P〉 100 mm） are generally concentrated in three regions, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, and Haifeng/Lufeng. The average rainfall amount for rainy days increases form the north to the south of Guangdong, while decreasing as the rainfall intensity increases. The contributions from light, moderate and heavy rain to the total rainfall decreases form the north to the south. The annual rainy days show a decreasing trend in the past 50 years. The light rainy days decreased significantly while the heavy, rainstorm and downpour rainy days increased slightly. The annual total rainfall amount increased over the past 50 years, which was contributed by heavy, rainstorm and downpour rains, while the contribution from light and moderate rains decreased. Key words： spatiotemporal distribution; rainfall amount; rainy days; rainfall contribution rate

关键词： spatiotemporal distribution rainfall amount rainy days rainfall contribution rate

AN OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS OF A TORRENTIAL RAINSTORM IN THE WARM SECTOR OF SOUTH CHINA COASTAL AREAS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2018年第4期24卷 481-493页

作者： ZHENG Teng-fei YU Xin HUANG Jian WAN Qi-lin liu xian-tong Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction CMA Guangdong Provincial Meteorological Observatory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction CMA

On May 20 th 2007, a brief but severe downpour rainstorm occurred in the coastal areas of Maoming and Yangjiang with rainfall of 115 mm per hour. Data from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis with 1°×1° resolution, Doppler weather radar, conventional surface observations, high-altitude radiosonde and wind profiler radar were used to analyze characteristics and contributions of synoptic scale and mesoscale systems during this torrential rainstorm. The results showed that:(1) the storm was caused by a quasi-linear mesoscale convective system(MCS) and the slow-movement of this system was the primary trigger of the torrential downpour;(2) water vapor was abundant, nearly saturated and in steady state throughout the atmosphere before the storm; intrusion of the weak dry and cold air in the middle level and a striking "dry above and wet below " structure had increased the atmospheric instability;(3) low-level southwesterly airflow from a low pressure(trough) at the Beibu Gulf provided abundant water vapor at the onset of the rainstorm; a deep dry layer was formed by dry and cold air behind the high-level trough, which facilitated latent heat release;upper-level divergence and low-level convergence circulations also provided vertical uplift for warm and moist air at the lower level;(4) Topography only played a minor role as the MCS developed and strengthened over relatively flat coastal terrain. Low level density flow induced by convection triggered new convective cell generation at the leading edge of the convective system, thereby playing a key role in the change of temperature gradient at lower layers, and resulting in strengthening atmospheric instability.

关键词： south China coastal areas rainstorm in the warm sector synoptic scale systems mesoscale process