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Influence of ginseng cultivation under larch plantations on plant diversity and soil properties in Liaoning Province,Northeast China

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Journal of mountain Science 2016年第9期13卷 1598-1608页

作者： liu Wei-wei liu mou-cheng LI Wen-hua ZENG Fan-shun QU Yi Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Liaoning Academy of Forestry Shenyang 110032China

Currently, transforming the mode of forest management and developing multiple forest management practices are actively encouraged in China. As one forest management type, ginseng cultivation under larch plantations has been developed significantly in the east of Liaoning Province. However, research on the influence of the ecological environment for this mode of production is still deficient. Based on this, our study compares the plant diversity and soil properties in the ginseng cultivation under larch plantations(LG) with larch plantations(LP) and natural secondary forests(SF). First, we randomly selected three plots for each of the three stand types which have similar stand characteristics; then, we carried out a plant diversity survey and soil sampling in each of the nine plots. The results show that no significant difference was found in plant diversity between LG and LP, but theevenness of herbs was significantly lower in LG than LP. No obvious changes in soil physical properties were found in LG, but a significant decrease in most of the soil nutrient content was presented in LG. Furthermore, we found a correlation between plant diversity(H') and soil properties in the three kinds of stand types, especially between herbaceous plant diversity and soil properties. We conclude that ginseng cultivation under larch plantations has no obvious effect on plant diversity, except the herbaceous evenness. Soil fertility can be depleted significantly in LG, but physical structures are not affected. Moreover, maintaining the diversity of herbaceous plants and controlling the density of ginseng cultivation in LG by farmers are important for the ecological environment. Based on this study and its good comprehensive benefits and with the support of policy, we think this forest management type should be promoted moderately in the region.

关键词： Forest management Ginseng cultivation Larch plantations Secondary forests Plant diversity Soil properties Changbai mountain

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Conserving Agricultural Heritage Systems through Tourism: Exploration of Two mountainous Communities in China

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Journal of mountain Science 2013年第6期10卷 962-975页

作者： SUN Ye-hong Mary Jane DELA CRUZ MIN Qing-wen liu mou-cheng ZHANG Ling-yun Institute of Tourism Beijing Union University Land and Water Division Natural Resources and Environment Management Department Food and Agriculture Organization Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Community plays an important role in the preservation of agricultural heritage system （AHS）. Recently, many AHS have been valorized as interesting resources for rural tourism. The expectations are that tourism development （TD） can be supportive for the conservation of AHS while creating benefits for local communities. In this study, two mountainous pilot villages （Longxian and Xiaohuang） in a global conservation project for traditional agricutural systems - Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） were selected to identify the relationship between AHS conservation and TD. The study undertook in-depth interviews, and questionnaires of village residents and informal discussions with local villagers. A t-test and a linear regression model were implemented to explore the comparative dimensions of the two communities with different geographical location, economic situation, and stage of TD. The research found some similarities and differences in the two mountainous communities during AHS conservation and TD. Firstly, AHS are preservaed well in both villages unconsiously, while the residents in Xiaohuang value more highly the heritage elements than the respondents in Longxian, and the villagers in Xiaohuang are more worried about their heritage system; Secondly, both villages expect lots of benefits from TD and they clearly perceive more positive than negative impact from tourism and thus approve TD, while the hugedifferent perception on transportation and accessibility in the two villages reflects the bottleneck of TD in Xiaohuang village. At the same time, the respondents from Xiaohuang perceive more positive and fewer negative impact from tourism than the respondents from Longxian. Thirdly, the respondents in the two villages all show positive attitudes towards participation in tourism mostly motivated by the high income expectation. The main factors to determine the community perception in two villages were also analyzed based on the data process. A lo

关键词： Agricultural heritage system Tourismdevelopment mountainous communities ZhejiangProvince Guizhou Province China

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Standards of Ecological Compensation for Traditional Ecoagriculture:Taking Rice-Fish System in Hani Terrace as an Example

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 1049-1059页

作者： liu mou-cheng XIONG Yin YUAN Zheng MIN Qing-wen SUN Ye-hong Anthony M.Fuller Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Institute of Tourism Beijing Union University

Traditional eco-agriculture provides many ecosystem services which are important for the local environment, especially in mountain areas. In order to encourage the farmers to engage in coo-agriculture, it is necessary to establish an eco-compensation mechanism for them. As the compensation standard is one of key issues in establishing eeo-compensation mechanism, this paper calculated the standard based on the farmers＇ willingness to accept （WTA） and the input-output analysis of eco-compensation. We took the traditional rice-fish eco-agriculture as the research object, conducting field surveys in Hani Terrace of Honghe County. Through the questionnaires in 2o11, we obtained the farmers＇ willingness to accept government compensation and market compensation. Then, the research evaluated the output of eco-compensation, the economic value of rice-fish paddy ecosystem services. Finally, under different market compensation standards, we compared the input and output of government compensation. The results show that, in 2011 the government should to pay farmers 7462 ***^-1·a^-1 to meet their willingness, but the output （ecological benefit） was only 7393 ***^-1·a^-1. However, whenthe rice price increases 1 yuan·kg-1 because of the limited use of chemicals in the next year, the government just has to pay farmers 4062 ***^-1·a^-1 and the surplus will be 3331 ***^-1·a^-1.

关键词： Eco-compensation Eco-agriculture Ecosystem services Cultivation system Hani Terrace.

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Estimating cropland carbon mitigation potentials in China affected by three improved cropland practices

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Journal of mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1840-1854页

作者： LUN Fei Josep G.CANADELL HE Lu YANG Bo liu mou-cheng YUAN Zheng TIAN Mi liu Jun-guo LI Wen-hua School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityOinghua East Road 35Beijing 100083China College of Resources and Environment Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Center of Land Policy and Law Beijing 100193China Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchGPO Box 3023CanberraACT2601Australia World Natural Heritage Conservation and Research Center Ministry of Housing and Urban-RuralNo.9 SanliheBeijing 10085China Beijing Academy of Social Sciences No.33 BeisihuanzhongluBeijing 100101China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences11A Datun RoadBeijing 100101China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518055China

Agriculture is a large source of carbon emissions. The cropland practices of fertilizer substitution, crop straw and conservation tillage are beneficial and help to rebuild local soil carbon stocks and reduce soil carbon emissions, in addition to reducing the consumption of fertilizers and fossil fuels. These improved cropland practices can directly and indirectly mitigatecarbon emissions, benefiting the sustainability of croplands. For these three improved practices, we estimated carbon mitigation potentials in rice, wheat and maize croplands in China. The combined contribution of these practices to carbon mitigation was 38.8 Tg C yr-1, with fertilizer substitution, crop straw return, and conservation tillage contributing 26.6, 3.6 and 8.6 Tg C yr-1, respectively. Rice, wheat and maize croplands had potentials to mitigate 13.4, 11.9 and 15.5 Tg C yr-1, respectively, with the combined direct and indirectpotential of 33.8 and 5.0 Tg C yr-1. Because of differences in local climate and specific diets, the regional cropland carbon mitigation potentials differed greatly among provinces in China. In China, 18 provinces had a "target surplus" for which the carbon mitigation from these three practices was larger than the mitigation target set for 2020. At the national level, a net "target surplus"of 4.84 Tg C yr-1 would be attained for Chinese croplands with full implementation of the three improved practices. Regional cooperation must be developed to achieve carbon mitigation targets using such measures as carbon trading, establishing regional associations, and strengthening research programs to improve practices.

关键词： Cropland Carbon mitigation potential Cropland practices Regional cooperation China

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Residential Energy Consumption and Associated Carbon Emission in Forest Rural Area in China: A Case Study in Weichang County

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Journal of mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 792-804页

作者： LUN Fei Josep G. CANADELL XU Zhong-qi HE Lu YUAN Zheng ZHANG Dan LI Wen-hua liu mou-cheng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research GPO Box 3023 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia College of Forestry Agricultural University of Hebei

Rural energy consumption in China has increased dramatically in the last decades, and has become a significant contributor of carbon emissions. Yet there is limited data on energy consumption patterns and their evolution in forest rural areas of China. In order to bridge this gap, we report the findings of field surveys in forest villages in Weichang County as a case study of rural energy consumption in northern China. We found that the residential energy consumption per household is 3313 kgce yr^-1 （kilogram standard coal equivalent per year）, with energy content of 9.7×lO7 kJ yr^-1, including 1783 kgce yr^-1 from coal, 1386 kgce yr^-1 from fuel wood, 96 kgce yr^-1 from electricity, and 49 kgce yr^-1 from LPG. Per capita consumption is 909 kgce yr^-1 and its energy content is 2.7×lO7 kJ yr^-1. Due to a total energy utilization efficiency of 24.6%, all the consumed energy can only supply about 2.4×107 kJ yr^-1 of efficient energy content. Secondly, household energy consumption is partitioned into 2614 kgce yr^-1 for heating, 616 kgce yr^-1 for cooking, and 117 kgce yr^-1 for home appliances. Thirdly, the associated carbon emissions oer household are 2556 kzC yr^-1, includinz1022 kgC yr^-1 from unutilized fuel wood （90% of the total fuel wood）. The rest of emissions come from the use of electricity （212 kgC yr^-1, coal （13Ol kgC yr^-1 and LPG （21 kgC yr^-1. Fourthly, local climate, family size and household income have strong influences on rural residential energy consumption. Changes in storage and utilization practices of fuel can lead to the lO%-30% increase in the efficiency of fuel wood use, leading to reduced energy consumption by 924 kgce yr^-1 per household （27.9% reduction） and 9Ol kgC yr^-1 of carbon emissions （35-3% reduction）.

关键词： Energy consumption Carbon emission Rural areas Fuelwood Utilization efficiency

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我国草原生态保护补助奖励政策效应评价研究进展

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草地学报 2021年第6期29卷 1125-1135页

作者：李志东刘某承中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

草原补奖政策旨在维持草地生态功能,促进牧民增收,是当前我国草原生态补偿的重要举措之一。本文依照政策的主体思路,梳理已有的政策效应评价研究,并对我国草原补奖政策做出总体效应评价。结果显示,当前我国草原补奖政策存在制度体系缺... 详细信息

草原补奖政策旨在维持草地生态功能,促进牧民增收,是当前我国草原生态补偿的重要举措之一。本文依照政策的主体思路,梳理已有的政策效应评价研究,并对我国草原补奖政策做出总体效应评价。结果显示,当前我国草原补奖政策存在制度体系缺失以及补奖标准偏低等问题,牧民对政策的满意程度存在区域差异,补奖资金虽然在一定程度上提高了牧民收入但对牧民减畜的激励作用有限。自2010年以来,我国草地生态恢复总体成效显著,但也存在局部区域效果不佳。未来的研究可适当聚焦于草地生态功能恢复产生的经济效益,并在现有研究的基础上覆盖更广泛的政策试点区域,探明政策启动以前的牧民生计、草原生态基线值。

关键词：草原补奖政策补奖标准政策满意度牧民生计草地生态功能

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基于净初级生产力的中国各地生态足迹均衡因子测算

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生态与农村环境学报 2010年第5期26卷 401-406页

作者：刘某承李文华中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

生态足迹作为一种非货币化的生态系统评估工具,是近年来国际上一种重要的判别可持续发展程度的生物物理量方法。均衡因子是生态足迹计算中的一个重要参数,其是否准确直接影响到计算结果的可靠性与可比性。随着生态足迹方法的广泛应用,... 详细信息

生态足迹作为一种非货币化的生态系统评估工具,是近年来国际上一种重要的判别可持续发展程度的生物物理量方法。均衡因子是生态足迹计算中的一个重要参数,其是否准确直接影响到计算结果的可靠性与可比性。随着生态足迹方法的广泛应用,其标准化和本地化研究成为迫切的需要。为便于区域水平上的生态足迹空间分析,采用中国2001年1km MODIS数据,根据植被的净初级生产力(net primary production,NPP),计算出全国和不同省份各种土地类型的均衡因子。结果表明,就中国平均均衡因子而言,农地和建筑用地为1.71,林地和能源用地为1.41,畜牧地为0.44,渔业水域为0.35;就不同省份而言,由于区域内不同土地利用类型的相对生产能力不同,因而均衡因子各不相同,但大体上呈现农地>林地>畜牧地>渔业水域的规律。

关键词：生态足迹均衡因子净初级生产力(NPP) 中国

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关于中国生态省建设指标体系的几点意见与建议

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资源科学 2007年第5期29卷 2-8页

作者：李文华刘某承中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101

中国是联合国环发大会后最早提出实施可持续发展战略的国家之一,生态省建设为可持续发展的实施提供了一个平台和切入点,建立适合我国社会发展的指标体系对描述、监测、比较区域的可持续发展,以及对资源的合理利用均具有重要意义。本文... 详细信息

中国是联合国环发大会后最早提出实施可持续发展战略的国家之一,生态省建设为可持续发展的实施提供了一个平台和切入点,建立适合我国社会发展的指标体系对描述、监测、比较区域的可持续发展,以及对资源的合理利用均具有重要意义。本文对可持续发展指标体系的研究进行了简要概述,将5种货币化评价指标与传统GDP指标进行了比较,并在总结各种指标体系特点与缺陷的基础上,对国家环境保护总局制定的生态省建设指标体系从指标的权重、协调性、灵活性以及公平性等4个方面进行了分析,提出了包括在现行的单项指标基础上构建综合指标、指标的确定要符合生态功能区的定位、区分不同指标在系统中的权重、突出对限制因子的要求、加强科技的支撑作用等建议。

关键词：区域可持续发展生态省指标

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基于生态系统服务权衡的生态系统管理策略研究进展

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自然资源学报 2023年第7期38卷 1848-1862页

作者：苏伯儒刘某承中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

生态系统服务是连接社会系统与生态系统间的桥梁,根据生态系统服务间此消彼长的权衡关系制定生态系统管理策略是进行生态系统可持续管理的重要前提。本文旨在对基于生态系统服务权衡的生态系统管理策略进行全面总结,并针对现有管理策略... 详细信息

生态系统服务是连接社会系统与生态系统间的桥梁,根据生态系统服务间此消彼长的权衡关系制定生态系统管理策略是进行生态系统可持续管理的重要前提。本文旨在对基于生态系统服务权衡的生态系统管理策略进行全面总结,并针对现有管理策略的不足提出潜在解决方案。按照需求—需求权衡、供给—需求权衡和供给—供给权衡分类体系,系统梳理了国内外基于生态系统服务权衡的生态系统管理策略,并在现有管理策略的基础上创新地提出了耦合三种权衡的生态系统管理框架。结果显示:需求—需求权衡管理策略的实质是生态系统服务优先级排序,供给—需求权衡主要通过调控供需权衡驱动力以改变生态系统服务供给量与需求量,供给—供给权衡主要依据权衡特征进行分区管理,或者调控权衡驱动力提高ES供给量并缓解权衡强度。研究表明:(1)生态系统管理的目标是缓解供给—需求权衡强度,同时达到“效率性”与“公平性”两个管理要求,即缓解供给—需求权衡强度的同时缓解供给—供给权衡与需求—需求权衡。现如今管理策略大多孤立地缓解某一种生态系统服务权衡,缺少耦合三种生态系统服务权衡的生态系统管理框架。(2)优先缓解主客观重要性较高生态系统服务的供给—需求权衡强度可同步缓解需求—需求权衡,综合调控供需权衡驱动力与供给权衡驱动力可同时缓解供给—需求权衡强度与供给—供给权衡,从而最终实现三种权衡的耦合。

关键词：生态系统服务需求—需求权衡供给—需求权衡供给—供给权衡管理策略

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基于净初级生产力的中国生态足迹产量因子测算

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生态学杂志 2010年第3期29卷 592-597页

作者：刘某承李文华谢高地中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院研究生院北京100039

生态足迹作为一种非货币化的生态系统评估工具,是近年来国际上一种重要的判别可持续发展程度的生物物理量方法。产量因子是生态足迹计算中的一个重要参数,其准确与否直接影响到计算结果的可靠性与可比性。随着生态足迹方法的广泛应用,... 详细信息

生态足迹作为一种非货币化的生态系统评估工具,是近年来国际上一种重要的判别可持续发展程度的生物物理量方法。产量因子是生态足迹计算中的一个重要参数,其准确与否直接影响到计算结果的可靠性与可比性。随着生态足迹方法的广泛应用,其标准化和本地化成为迫切需要。为了便于区域水平上的生态足迹空间分析,本文采用中国2001年1kmMODIS数据,根据植被的净初级生产力,计算出全国和不同省份各种土地类型的产量因子。结果表明:就中国产量因子而言,由于中国农地生产力水平高于全球平均水平,其产量因子为1.74,而其余几种类型土地的产量因子均<1,分别为林地0.86,畜牧地0.51,渔场0.74;就不同省份而言,由于区域内不同土地利用类型的相对生产能力不同,产量因子各不相同。

关键词：生态足迹产量因子净初级生产力

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