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河流水质采样策略与频率对氮磷负荷估算的影响

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中国环境科学 2024年第4期44卷 2111-2118页

作者：贾临东胡宏祥杜新忠雷秋良张天鹏刘宏斌蒋跃林安徽农业大学资源与环境学院农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室安徽合肥230036 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室北京100081

为探究适合的流域水质监测频率与采样策略,提高氮磷污染物负荷估算的精度,基于云南省洱源县凤羽河流域2011~2013年间逐日流量与总氮､总磷浓度的每日数据,在7d/次,14d/次,21d/次,28d/次4种采样频率下设定了3种不同的采样情景(情景a:普通... 详细信息

为探究适合的流域水质监测频率与采样策略,提高氮磷污染物负荷估算的精度,基于云南省洱源县凤羽河流域2011~2013年间逐日流量与总氮､总磷浓度的每日数据,在7d/次,14d/次,21d/次,28d/次4种采样频率下设定了3种不同的采样情景(情景a:普通随机取样､情景b:随机取样的基础上增加降水量超过10mm的水样样品采集,情景c:随机取样的基础上增加降水量超过25mm的水样样品采集).基于采样频率与采样情景的组合,利用LOADEST模型估算的总氮与总磷负荷,并与逐日连续水量水质数据计算的实测值进行比较,评估了不同取样频率和取样情景下LOADEST模型的负荷估算精度.结果表明:在LOADEST模型的估算过程中,同种采样频率下,增加降雨时期的浓度数据将会提高LOADEST模型的模拟精度;在降雨事件期间进行加密采样,不仅加大了工作量,且增加的采样次数过多(如情景b)使总氮的RMSE值由1.92增至2.26,总磷的RMSE值由0.08增至0.19,高估氮磷负荷,模型模拟精度降低.在四种不同的采样频率下,情景c中总氮的RMSE值范围为1.92~2.07,总磷的RMSE值范围为0.06~0.13,均取得了该频率下最低的RMSE值,模型估算精度最高;从不同频率与采样情景对模型估算结果的影响来看,对总氮负荷估算结果(RMSE值范围为1.92~2.52)影响要大于总磷(RMSE值范围为0.06~0.18).其中,情景a与情景b的负荷估算结果精度随着采样频率降低而降低.情景c的估算结果受现有取样频率降低的影响不明显.本研究表明,在常规固定频率水质监测基础上结合气象预报适量增加降雨时的采样可在28d/次的较低取样频率下得到较高的氮磷负荷估算精度,符合我国各地区环境水质采样频率,可为相关研究的水质采样策略提供一定的参考作用.

关键词： LOADEST模型总氮总磷采样情景负荷估算

Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2A Gene Mutation and Coronary Artery Disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第19期128卷 2688-2691页

作者： Ying Jiang hong-bin liu Department of Cardiology of South Building General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijing 100853China

INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease （CAD） and its clinical manifestations,including myocardial infarction （MI）,are leading causes of death and infirmity worldwide.A variety of environmental and genetic risk factors are associated with CAD,including hypercholesterolemia,hypertension,obesity,diabetes,and a family history of early CAD.

关键词： Coronary Artery Disease Myocardial Infarction Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2A

长期大量施用污泥堆肥显著提升华北地区粮食作物产量和土壤碳汇效应

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植物营养与肥料学报 2024年第5期30卷 899-908页

作者：姚海刘晓荣李海洋李浩杨文彬李颖杜新忠安妙颖刘宏斌北京市排水集团有限责任公司北京100044 北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083 辽宁省盐碱地利用研究所辽宁盘锦124010 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室/北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司山东菏泽274000

【目的】阐明长期不同用量质量达标的污泥堆肥配施化肥对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系作物产量,以及耕层土壤有机碳储量(SOCS)和全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量的影响,为污泥高效资源化利用及农业绿色可持续发展提供理论依据。【... 详细信息

【目的】阐明长期不同用量质量达标的污泥堆肥配施化肥对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系作物产量,以及耕层土壤有机碳储量(SOCS)和全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量的影响,为污泥高效资源化利用及农业绿色可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】于北京市昌平区,开展污泥堆肥(SW)与化肥配施定位试验(2008—2020年),种植制度为冬小麦-夏玉米轮作,试验设置5个处理:100%尿素(N)、50%WS+50%尿素(0.5SW+0.5N)、100%SW+50%尿素(SW+0.5N)、200%SW+50%尿素(2SW+0.5N)、400%SW+50%尿素(4SW+0.5N)处理。小麦、玉米收获后,调查籽粒和秸秆产量,0—20 cm土层土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量,并计算土壤固碳效率。【结果】随着污泥堆肥用量的增加,小麦和玉米籽粒和秸秆产量逐渐增加,与N处理相比,0.5SW+0.5N处理小麦、玉米籽粒和秸秆多年平均产量无显著差异,SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和4SW+0.5N处理下小麦籽粒产量分别增加了6.97%、14.88%和17.94%,玉米籽粒产量分别增加了8.43%、11.77%和15.38%。土壤中有机碳储量、全氮、全磷、全钾含量在0.5SW+0.5N、SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和4SW+0.5N处理下较N处理明显提升。同时,土壤中有机碳储量、全氮、全磷和全钾含量随污泥堆肥用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。N、0.5SW+0.5N、SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和4SW+0.5N处理下,土壤全氮含量多年平均值分别为1.07、1.26、1.56、1.93和2.73 g/kg,全磷含量分别为1.19、1.67、2.37、3.27、4.11 g/kg,全钾含量分别为18.60、19.06、19.85、20.07、21.19 g/kg。【结论】与单施尿素相比,以质量达标的污泥堆肥替代50%尿素(0.5SW+0.5N)不会影响小麦、玉米籽粒和秸秆产量,而且可以提升土壤肥力。在尿素用量减半条件下,增加污泥堆肥用量可显著提高小麦、玉米籽粒产量和土壤肥力,特别是在污泥堆肥氮用量为尿素氮用量的4倍时,小麦和玉米可稳定增产15%~18%,并且由于高量污泥堆肥的长期施用极大地提升了土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的储量,保证了产量的可持续性和土壤的碳汇效应。

关键词：污泥堆肥土壤肥力小麦玉米作物产量产量可持续性

基于印刷产教深度融合的专业学位研究生培养模式探索与实践

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印刷与数字媒体技术研究 2024年第3期 56-62,205页

作者：张正健孙彬青陈凤宝李冬娜刘莹莹刘洪斌天津科技大学轻工科学与工程学院天津300457

如何提升专业学位研究生实践创新能力以及如何将专业学位研究生培养质量与产业发展相匹配,是专业学位研究生教育亟待解决的问题。本文以天津科技大学二级学科印刷工程为例,对其依托印刷行业资源在产教深度融合方面的探索与实践进行阐述... 详细信息

如何提升专业学位研究生实践创新能力以及如何将专业学位研究生培养质量与产业发展相匹配,是专业学位研究生教育亟待解决的问题。本文以天津科技大学二级学科印刷工程为例,对其依托印刷行业资源在产教深度融合方面的探索与实践进行阐述。以服务产业特色学科群建设为支撑,夯实了产教融合基础;通过校企联合科研平台建设,促进了产教的深度融合;基于产教深度融合,打造了高水平的专业学位导师队伍,培养了适应印刷行业发展的高质量实践创新型人才。

关键词：印刷工程产教深度融合专业学位研究生人才培养

Long-term phosphorus accumulation and agronomic and environmtal critical phosphorus levels in Haplic Luvisol soil, northern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 200-208页

作者： XI bin ZHAI Li-mei liu Jian liu Shen WANG hong-yuan LUO Chun-yan REN Tian-zhi liu hong-bin Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences USDA-Agricultural Research Service Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection Ministry of Agriculture

Sufficient soil phosphorus （P） content is essential for achieving optimal crop yields, but accumulation of P in the soil due to excessive P applications can cause a risk of P loss and contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. Determination of a critical soil P value is fundamental for making appropriate P fertilization recommendations to ensure safety of both environment and crop production. In this study, agronomic and environmental critical P levels were determined by using linear-linear and linear-plateau models, and two segment linear model, for a maize （Zea mays L.）-winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） rotation system based on a 22-yr field experiment on a Haplic Luvisol soil in northern China. This study included six treatments： control （unfertilized）, no P （NoP）, application of mineral P fertilizer （MinP）, MinP plus return of maize straw （MinP＋StrP）, MinP plus low rate of farmyard swine manure （MinP＋***） and MinP plus high rate of manure （MinP＋ ***）. Based on the two models, the mean agronomic critical levels of soil Olsen-P for optimal maize and wheat yields were 12.3 and 12.8 mg kg-1, respectively. The environmental critical P value as an indicator for P leaching was 30.6 mg Olsen-P kg-1, which was 2.4 times higher than the agronomic critical P value （on average 12.5 mg P kg-1）. It was calculated that soil OIsen-P content would reach the environmental critical P value in 41 years in the MinP treatment, but in only 5-6 years in the two manure treatments. Application of manure could significantly raise soil Olsen-P content and cause an obvious risk of P leaching. In conclusion, the threshold range of soil Olsen-P is from 12.5 to 30.6 mg P kg-1 to optimize crop yields and meanwhile maintain relatively low risk of P leaching in Haplic Luvisol soil, northern China.

关键词： critical phosphorus value crop yield Olsen P phosphorus leaching soil phosphorus test water quality

Application of principal component-radial basis function neural networks (PC-RBFNN) for the detection of water-adulterated bayberry juice by near-infrared spectroscopy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第12期9卷 982-989页

作者： Li-juan XIE Xing-qian YE Dong-hong liu Yi-bin YING College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.

关键词： Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy Principal component-radial basis function neural networks (PC-RBFNN) Bayberry juice Adulteration Chemometrics technique

Preparation and utilization of phosphate biofertilizers using agricultural waste

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 158-167页

作者： WANG hong-yuan liu Shen ZHAI Li-mei ZHANG Ji-zong REN Tian-zhi FAN bing-quan liu hong-bin Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

In this study, Aspergillus niger 1107 was isolated and identified as an efficient phosphate-solubilizing fungus （PSF）. This strain generated 689 mg soluble P L-1 NBRIP medium after 10 d of culture. To produce an affordable biofertilizer using A. niger 1107, the potential of widely available carrier materials for growth and maintenance of this strain were evaluated. The effects of sterilization procedures （autoclaving and gamma-ray irradiation） on the suitability of these carriers to maintain growth of the fungus were also investigated. The carrier materials were peat, corn cobs with 20% （w/w） perlite （CCP）, wheat husks with 20% （w/w） perlite （WHP）, and composted cattle manure with 20% （w/w） perlite （CCMP）. In the first 5-6 mon of storage, the carriers sterilized by gamma-ray irradiation maintained higher inoculum loads than those in carriers sterilized by autoclaving. However, this effect was not detectable after 7 mon of storage. For the P-biofertilizer on WHP, more than 2.0× 10^7 viable spores of A. niger g-1 inoculant survived after 7 mon of storage. When this biofertilizer was applied to Chinese cabbage in a pot experiment, there were 5.6×10^6 spores of A. niger g-1 soil before plant harvesting. In the pot experiment, Chinese cabbage plants grown in soil treated with peat- and WHP-based P-biofertilizers showed significantly greater growth （P〈0.05） than that of plants grown in soil treated with free-cell biofertilizer or the CCMP-based biofertilizer. Also, the peat- and WHP-based P-biofertilizers increased the available P content in soil.

关键词： biofertilizer carrier sterilization method phosphate biofertilizer P-solubilizing fungi Aspergillus niger

Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 667-677页

作者： liu Jian ZUO Qiang ZHAI Li-mei LUO Chun-yan liu hong-bin WANG hong-yuan liu Shen ZOU Guo-yuan REN Tian-zhi Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Science Pennsylvania State University Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection Ministry of Agriculture

Phosphorus（P） losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice（Oryza sativa L.） and wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils（Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province） with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P（control）, 30 kg P ha^（–1） for rice and 20 kg P ha^（–1） for wheat（P_（30＋20））, 75 plus 40（P_（75＋40））, and 150 plus 80（P_（150＋80））, were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates（P〈0.0001）. Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha^–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha^–1 in P150＋80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg h^–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha^–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated（P〈0.0001） with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal（20–30 kg P ha^–1 in this study） and at time

关键词： double cropping system intensive agriculture Lake Taihu region phosphorus loss surface runoff water quality

Apparent variations in nitrogen runoff and its uptake in paddy rice under straw incorporation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3356-3367页

作者： Muhammad Amjad BASHIR ZHAI Li-mei WANG hong-yuan liu Jian Qurat-Ul-Ain RAZA GENG Yu-cong Abdur REHIM liu hong-bin Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Bahadur Sub-CampusLayyah31200MultanPakistan School of Environment and Sustainability University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 3H5 Canada Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

Straw incorporation is a widespread practice to promote agricultural ***,the potential effects of straw incorporation with the prolonged time on nitrogen(N)runoff loss from paddy fields are not well *** current study addresses the knowledge gap by assessing the effects of straw incorporation on the processes influencing N runoff patterns and its impacts on crop yield,N uptake,total N(TN),and soil organic matter(SOM).We conducted field experiments with rice(Oryza sativa L.)–wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)rotation,rice–tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)rotation,and double-rice cropping in subtropical China from 2008 to *** rotation had three N treatments:zero N fertilization(CK),chemical N fertilization(CF),and chemical N fertilization combined with straw incorporation(CFS).The treatment effects were assessed on TN runoff loss,crop yield,N uptake,soil TN stock,and *** showed that TN runoff was reduced by substituting part of the chemical N fertilizer with straw N in the double rice rotation,while crop N uptake was significantly(P<0.05)decreased due to the lower bioavailability of straw *** contrast,in both rice–wheat and rice–tobacco rotations,TN runoff in CFS was increased by 0.9–20.2%in the short term when straw N was applied in addition to chemical N,compared to ***,TN runoff was reduced by 2.3–19.3%after three years of straw incorporation,suggesting the long-term benefits of straw incorporation on TN loss ***,crop N uptake was increased by 0.8–37.3%in the CFS of both *** study demonstrates the challenges in reducing N runoff loss while improving soil fertility by straw incorporation over the short term but highlights the potential of long-term straw incorporation to reduce N loss and improve soil productivity.

关键词： straw return nitrogen runoff water pollution rice yield nitrogen uptake