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Spatio-temporal evolution of ecologically-sustainable land use in China's Loess Plateau and detection of its influencing factors

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1065-1074页

作者： QU Lu-lu liu yan-sui CHEN Zong-feng Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ecological land(Eco-land) is a basic resource for human beings to survive, and eco-land use is a strategy, a way to manage the land resource. So, ecologically-sustainable land use is essential for human beings to survive. This paper investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and mechanisms of urban-rural eco-land using a new and innovative integration way based on eco-land change data in China's Loess Plateau(LP) prefecture level cities and explores factors of eco-land change. The spatial difference characteristic of eco-land among different level cities in the LP is that: small cities > big cities > middle cities. From 2009 to 2016, the eco-land in the LP from the perspective of urban-rural areas has changed significantly. Significant differences of urban-rural eco-land were identified among various urban growth types, and all the cities in the LP were further classified into four types based on eco-land change trend, with type A and B cities identified as the vital zone and major zone. Taking the eco-fragile region Loess Plateau(LP) as an example, our results demonstrated that the migrants to cities in LP could relieve ecological pressures and promote restoration of ecological vegetation. We have demonstrated that urbanization and the influence of government policy can be discerned through the quantification of the spatial-temporal change of eco-land and suggest that combining both urban and rural eco-land can support more effective land use decisions and provide theoretical basis for the practical application of urban planning, policy-making and sustainable development. What's more, governments should strive to population mobility and restore vegetation to sustain this fragile ecological environment.

关键词： Ecologically-sustainable land use Spatio-temporal evolution influencing factor Population migration Loess Plateau

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Land use change and effect analysis of tideland reclamation in Hangzhou Bay

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 394-405页

作者： LI Jin-tao liu yan-sui yanG Yuan-yuan Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Since the beginning of the 20th century, tideland reclamation as a huge project has continuously extended from inland to the sea for the socioeconomic development, like Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other coastal regions in China. The increase of land area alleviated the contradiction of supply and demand between human and land, which provided the guarantee for agricultural production and industrial development. However, marine ecological environment has been seriously damaged due to the increasing scale of tideland reclamation. This paper took the Hangzhou Bay in the yangtze River Delta as a study area to explore the evolution law, socioeconomic effect and eco-environmental effect of reclaimed land from 1985 to 2015. The result showed that as follows:(1) The area of tideland reclamation was 460.67 km^2 with 16.57% cultivated land and 15.93% construction land, and its land use was inefficient;(2) Land use change has spatial and temporal difference, the speed of tideland reclamation had been increasing from 1985 to 2015 in time and the scale of reclaimed land in the southern(84.07%) of Hangzhou Bay was larger than the northern region(15.93%) in space;(3) The evolution law of land use was from tideland to swampland and coastal waters to agricultural facility land, to cultivated land to industrial-mining land to idle land, rural-urban construction land, and formed obviously hierarchical structure;(4) Effect analysis of land use change found that the socio-economic effect had increased but the eco-environmental effect had decreased from 1985 to 2015, it reflected socio-economic effect was acquired through sacrificing eco-environmental effect;(5) It pointed out the existing problems on land extensive inefficient, environmental degradation and economy excessive growth without scientific planning, and offered some suggestions in land comprehensive improvement project, industrial transformation and upgrading and scientific planning and legal safeguardto promote sustainable developm

关键词： Land use change Tideland reclamation Effect analysis Hangzhou Bay yangtze River Delta

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The inequality of educational resources and its countermeasures for rural revitalization in southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第2期17卷 304-315页

作者： GUO Yuan-zhi ZHOU yang liu yan-sui Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Equal access to education has long been a global concern and is important for rural revitalization strategy in the new era. However, little is known about the regional differences of educational resources in China, especially southwest China, where the spatial heterogeneity of human and physical geography is extremely significant. Using a dataset of primary and secondary schools of southwest China at county level in 2015, this study builds an index system to comprehensively measure the supply of educational resources, investigates the spatial pattern of educational resources via exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA), and explores its influence factors through spatial econometrics. Results indicated that the supply level of educational resources in southwest China was relatively low;the high-high clusters of the supply of educational resources were mainly located in Sichuan Basin and the east of Western Sichuan Plateau, while the concentrated poverty-stricken areas of Guizhou and the border areas of Yunnan-SichuanGuizhou, especially Wumeng mountain area, were characterized by the low-low clusters. Furthermore, this study suggested that altitude, population density, local government revenue and rural residents' income were positively correlated with the supply of educational resources, while the negative influenceswere exerted by proportion of ethnic minority population and urbanization rate. And there were differences in the specific objects of actions of each factor. Ultimately, we proposed that village relocation and combination, as well as sustainable urbanization and regional development were practical paths to optimize the supply of educational resources in rural areas, thus promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside.

关键词： Educational resources Rural revitalization Spatial heterogeneity Spatial error model Southwest China

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Compounding soils to improve cropland quality:A study based on field experiments and model simulations in the loess hilly-gully region,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第10期19卷 2776-2790页

作者： HUANG Yun-xin liu Zheng-jia liu yan-sui LI Yu-rui liu Xue-qi Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Xi'an 710061China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Increasing the quantity and improving the quality of cropland can alleviate the human-land contradiction and promote the sustainable development of agriculture especially in mountainous *** the support of the central government’s policies,yan’an,Northern Shaanxi,China implemented a major land consolidation engineering project in the loess hilly-gully region from 2013 to 2018,achieving 33,333.3 ha of new ***,the poor quality of some newly-constructed cropland at the initial stage hindered its efficient *** order to overcome this problem,red clay and Malan loess were compounded in different volume ratios to explore the method to improve the cropland *** Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate the effects of different soil treatments on soil water,nitrogen and maize *** data were collected from 2018 to 2019 to calibrate and validate the *** root mean square error(RMSE)of soil water content,nitrate nitrogen concentration,above-ground biomass,leaf area index were in the range of 11.72-14.06 mm,4.06-11.73 mg kg^(-1),835.21-1151.28 kg ha^(-1)and 0.24-0.47,respectively,while the agreement index(d)between measured and simulated values ranged from 0.70 to *** was showed that,compared with land constructed with Malan loess only(T1),the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics of land with a volume ratio of red clay and Malan loess of 2:1(T3)was *** indicated that,compared with T1,the soil water content and available water content of T3 increased by 14.4%and 19.0%,respectively,while N leaching decreased by 16.9%.The aboveground biomass and maize yield of T3 were 7.9%and 6.7%higher than that of T1,***,the water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of T3 increased by 21.0%and 16.6%compared with that of *** results indicated that compounding red clay and Malan loess in an appropriate ratio was an effective method to improve soil *** study provides a

关键词： Soil reconstruction Soil quality Land consolidation engineering High-quality cropland Loess hilly-gully region Root Water Quality Model

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Land Use Changes of an Aeolian-Loessial Soil Area in Northwest China: Implications for Ecological Restoration

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 356-361页

作者： CHEN Yu-Fu liu yan-sui WANG Jing yan Jian-Ping GUO Xu-Dong Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China） Key Laboratory of Land Use Institute of Land Surveying ~ Planning Ministry of Land ＆ Resources Beijing 100035（China）

China has experienced dramatic land use changes over recent decades, with marked environmental and socio-economic consequences. Hengshan County, located in the aeolian-loessial area of Northwest China, was investigated to illustrate land use changes and their implications for environmental and long-term rural economic development. The farmland in Hengshan County significantly decreased during 1990–2003, whereas forest land and grassland increased. The conversion rates of farmland, orchard land, forest land and construction land varied markedly among different periods: 1990–1995, 1995–2000 and 2000–2003. Conversion of orchard land, grassland and construction land was dominant in 1990–1995, whereas the conversion of farmland to forest land mainly occurred in 2000–2003. The results suggested a profound transition in institutional policy and political economy of land management, including implementation of integrated soil erosion control projects, adoption of a market-oriented economy and the ‘Grain-for-Green’ policy, during this period in China. To achieve long-term sustainable land use in Hengshan County, efforts should aim at increasing off-farm income of rural families as well as establishing land-economizing mechanisms to promote land productivity, in addition to conservation measures.

关键词： Hengshan County land management per capita land area policy sustainable land use

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Local Responses to Macro Development Policies and Their Effects on Rural System in China's Mountainous Regions:The Case of Shuanghe Village in Sichuan Province

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第4期10卷 588-608页

作者： LI Yu-rui liu yan-sui LONG Hua-lou WANG Jie-yong Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences

China has promulgated a series of policies including the Western Development Program, the Grain for Green Project, agricultural support policies and building a new countryside strategy to eliminate east-west differences and urban-rural disparities since the late 1990s. This paper gives a holistic examination on local responses to the four typical macro socio-economic development policies and their effects on rural system based on a case study of a mountainous village in southern Sichuan Province. The results showed that the policies have not moved the case study village from its historically marginal status. To some extent, its socio-economic situation might have been worsened by accelerated out- migration of the youth, loss of agricultural land due to afforestation and industrial plants, increased fire hazard due to afforestation and reforestation, increased environmental pollution due to industrial enterprises attracted to the village and a steep decline in agricultural production due to loss of and inefficient use of cultivated land. Factors causing local villages' dilemmas include the nonuniformity of actors' objectives, finiteness of villagers' abilities, and the imperfect incentive and restraint mechanism for local government's activities under existing policy framework composed of uncoordinated one-size-fits- all policies. We suggest that China's rural policy in the new period should gradually shift from a sectoral to a place-based one, from top-down incentives to the development of bottom-up projects, and fully recognize the diversity of rural space, so as to lift localcapacities and make good use of the knowledge shared by different actors. Moreover, it is also necessary to integrate the various sectoral policies, and improve the interministerial and interdepartmental coordination of rural policies at regional and local levels.

关键词： Local responses Western DevelopmentProgram Grain for Green Project Agriculturalsupport policies Building new countryside Ruralpolicy evaluation

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Agricultural Production Structure Optimization: A Case Study of Major Grain Producing Areas, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第1期12卷 184-197页

作者： LU Sha-sha liu yan-sui LONG Hua-lou GUAN Xing-liang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance）. In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model （IPAPSOM） is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying （or risk of violating） system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.

关键词： major grain producing areas agricultural production structure optimization interval-probabilistic programming food security farmers’income increase China

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Accurate Quantification of Grassland Cover Density in an Alpine Meadow Soil Based on Remote Sensing and GPS

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 778-783页

作者： liu yan-sui HU Ye-Cui PENG liu-Ying Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China） Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China）

The principles of remotely estimating grassland cover density in an alpine meadow soil from space lie in the synchronous collection of in situ samples with the satellite pass and statistically linking these cover densities to their image properties according to their geographic coordinates. The principles and procedures for quantifying grassland cover density from satellite image data were presented with an example from Qinghai Lake, China demonstrating how quantification could be made more accurate through the integrated use of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS). An empirical model was applied to an entire satellite image to convert pixel values into ground cover density. Satellite data based on 68 field samples was used to produce a map of ten cover densities. After calibration a strong linear regression relationship (r2 = 0.745) between pixel values on the satellite image and in situ measured grassland cover density was established with an 89% accuracy level. However, to minimize positional uncertainty of field samples, integrated use of hyperspatial satellite data and GPS could be utilized. This integration could reduce disparity in ground and space sampling intervals, and improve future quantification accuracy even more.

关键词： alpine meadow soil grassland cover density quantitative remote sensing Qinghai Lake

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The higher grain production, the more social deprivation? A case study of Henan province in traditional agricultural areas of China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第1期15卷 167-180页

作者： GAO Jun-bo QIAO Wei-feng liu yan-sui LI Yu-rui TU Wei ZHANG Yong-xian Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Science Xinyang Normal University School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Department of Geology & Geography Georgia Southern University Institute of Surveying And Mapping Information Engineering University

This paper examines the spatial-temporal dynamics of inequality from the perspective of social deprivation in the context of continuous growth of grain production using national census data from 2000 and 2010 for Henan province,*** analytical results show an overall level of social deprivation that is high and a widening social deprivation gap at the county *** social deprivation shows great spatiotemporal heterogeneity,the higher deprived counties are mainly distributed in central and eastern Henan province,while counties with lower social deprivation are clustered in northwestern regions,formed a belt-shape spatial differential between the south(higher deprived counties clustered)and northwest(low deprived counties clustered)Henan in 2000,and changed toward a core-periphery semi annular spatial structure in 2010,the low deprived counties surrounded by high deprived *** social deprivation shows a"west low and east high"spatial pattern,similar to the grain production in Henan *** development level was low in most counties in Yudong plain despite of keeping the continuous increase of grain production,meaning the higher grain output did not result in the more social development expected in Chinese traditional agricultural areas,and the regional disparity is expected to increase in the near future if development conditions are not changed,which could inspire more targeted rural governance options.

关键词： Spatial-temporal change Grain production Social inequality Social deprivation Henan province

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GIS-Based Assessment of Land suitability for Optimal Allocation in the Qinling Mountains, China

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Pedosphere 2006年第5期16卷 579-586页

作者： liu yan-sui WANG Jie-Yong GUO Li-Ying Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China） Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China） College of Tourism and Environmental Sciences Shaanxi Normal University Xi＇an 710062 （China）

A GIS-based method was used to assess land suitability in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province of China through simultaneous consideration of physical features and current land use. Through interpretation of Landsat TM images and extensive field visits the area was modeled into 40 land types in five altitudinal zones (valleys and gullies, hillsides and terraces, foothills, mid-mountain, and sub-alpine mountain). Then, a suitability score was assigned to five physical factors (climate, hydrology, topography, soil, and vegetation). Next, their integrated overall suitability value scores were compared with the observed land cover to determine whether it should be reallocated a new use. Results showed that the five suitability classes of agriculture, forest, grassland, farmland-woodland, and scrub-pasture had altitudinal stratification and a total of 1151 km2 (8.89%) of lands on the northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains had to be reallocated. To achieve this reallocation, 657 km2 of arable land should be reduced, and forest, grassland and scrub-pasture increased by 615 km2, 131 km2 and 405 km2, respectively. Implementation of these recommended land reallocations should help achieve suitable use of land resources and prevent land degradation.

关键词： GIS landforms optimal allocation Qinling Mountains suitability evaluation

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