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Experimental study on characteristics of trapping and regulating sediment with an open-type check dam in debris flow hazard mitigation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第9期15卷 2001-2012页

作者： SUN Hao YOU Yong liu jin-feng Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.

关键词： Debris flow Beam dam Flumeexperiment Trapping and regulating

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Network Pharmacology Based Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Laoke Formula for Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第11期30卷 984-992页

作者： feng Yu-yu liu jin-feng XUE Yang liu Dan WU Xiong-zhi Department of Nursing Tangshan Vocational and Technical CollegeTangshanHebei Province 063000China School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Department of Oncology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300020China Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital National Clinical Research Center for CancerKey Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin's Clinical Research Center for ChinaTianjin 300060China Tianjin Nankai Hospital Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300100China

Objective: To explore the specific pharmacological molecular mechanisms of Laoke Formula(LK)on treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) based on clinical application, network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods: Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the survival benefit of Chinese medicine(CM) treatment in 296 patients with NSCLC in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. The compounds of LK were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and the corresponding targets were performed from Swiss Target Prediction. NSCLC-related targets were obtained from Therapeutic Target Database and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. Key compounds and targets were identified from the compound-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment analysis were used to predict the potential signaling pathways involved in the treatment of advanced NSCLC with LK. The binding affinities between key ingredients and targets were further verified using molecular docking. Finally, A549 cell proliferation and migration assay were used to evaluate the antitumor activity of LK. Western blot was used to further verify the expression of key target proteins related to the predicted pathways. Results: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the overall survival of the CM group was longer than that of the non-CM group(36 months vs.26 months), and COX regression analysis showed that LK treatment was an independent favorable prognostic factor(P=0.027). Next, 97 components and 86 potential targets were included in the network pharmacology, KEGG and GO analyses, and the results indicated that LK was associated with proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover,molecular docking revealed a good binding affinity between the key

关键词： LaoKe Formula non-small cell lung cancer network pharmacology anti-tumor Chinese medicine

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Investigating the tourism image of mountain scenic spots in China through the lens of tourist perception

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第8期20卷 2298-2314页

作者： LI feng-jiao LIAO Xia liu Jia-ming JIANG Li-li WANG Meng-di liu jin-feng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geography Science Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China School of Foreign Language and Tourism Wuxi PolytechnicWuxi 214121China

A favorable tourism image of high-quality mountain scenic spots(HQMSS)is crucial for tourism prosperity and *** paper establishes a framework for investigating the tourism image based on cognitive-emotion theory and uses natural language processing(NLP)tools to clarify the cognition,emotion,and overall tourist image of the HQMSS in China from the perspective of tourist *** paper examines the multi-dimensional spatial differentiation of China's overall image,including province,scenic spot scales,as well as the spatial pattern of the overall comprehensive tourism *** for comprehensively improving HQMSS's tourism image are also *** results show that:(1)The cognitive image of Chinese HQMSS is categorized into core and marginal images,and the core images such as scenery and cable car are the expression of the uniqueness of mountainous scenic ***,the cognitive image is classified into six dimensions:tourism environment,tourism supporting facilities,tourism experience,tourism price,tourism service,and tourism safety.(2)Positive emotions are the dominant mood type of HQMSS in China,followed by neutral emotions,with negative emotions being the least *** images vary across dimensions,with tourism environment and tourism experience evoking relatively higher emotion.(3)The spatial pattern of HQMSS for each dimension at the national,provincial,and scenic scales is *** article provides a multidimensional perspective for investigating the tourism image of mountainous scenic spots,proposes targeted recommendations to improve the overall image of HQMSS in China,and can greatly contribute to the sustainable development of mountain tourism.

关键词： Mountain scenic spot Tourism image Spatial differentiation Natural language processing Cognitive-emotion theory Tourist perception

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Impact pressure of debris flow on beam dam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2822-2834页

作者： WANG Dong-wei YOU Yong liu jin-feng SUN Hao WANG Zhuang Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CASChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China

The use of open-type check dams in mountainous areas has become common practice in order to mitigate the effects of debris flow and extend the service life of engineering *** beam dam,a common debris flow control system,has received less attention in research on the impact process of debris flow and check dams compared to solid check ***,the estimation of impact pressure in debris flow primarily considers debris flow characteristics,without taking into account the influence of geometric characteristics of the transmission *** better understand the impact process of debris flow on beam dams,a series of small-scale debris flow impact tests were conducted in a model *** parameters,including velocity,depth,and impact pressure,were *** results show that the maximum impact pressure of debris flow is affected by both the characteristics of the debris flow and the relative opening size of the beam *** to flow and edge occlusion in the middle of the beam dam,the discharge of debris flow is enhanced,resulting in a longer impact process and higher maximum impact *** on these findings,a calculation model of the maximum impact pressure of debris flow at the midpoint of the middle beam is proposed,which can be used to estimate the impact of debris flow on the discharge part of the beam dam.

关键词： Debris flow Beam dam Impact pressure Relative opening size Calculation model

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Spatial-temporal distribution of debris flow impact pressure on rigid barrier

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 793-805页

作者： liu Dao-chuan YOU Yong liu jin-feng LI Yong ZHANG Guang-ze WANG Dong Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group co. LTD

Grain composition plays a vital role in impact pressure of debris flow. Current approaches treat debris flow as uniform fluid and almost ignore its granular effects. A series of flume experiments have been carried out to explore the granular influence on the impact process of debris flow by using a contact surface pressure gauge sensor(Tactilus~?, produced by Sensor Products LLC). It is found that the maximum impact pressure for debris flow of low density fluctuates drastically with a long duration time while the fluctuation for flow of high density is short in time, respectively presenting logarithmic and linear form in longitudinal attenuation. This can be ascribed to the turbulence effect in the former and grain collisions and grainfluid interaction in the latter. The horizontal distribution of the impact pressure can be considered as the equivalent distribution. For engineering purposes, the longitudinal distribution of the pressure can be generalized to a triangular distribution, from which a new impact method considering granular effects is proposed.

关键词： Debris flow Impact force Grain composition Spatio-temporal distribution Dynamic coefficient

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The siltation of debris flow behind check dam in the midstream of Bailong River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第1期15卷 100-113页

作者： YUAN Dong liu jin-feng YOU Yong liu Dao-chuan SUN Hao ZHANG Li ZHOU Wen-bing Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process CAS Chengdu 610041 China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CAS Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Siltation gradient and siltation length are important parameters for designing gravity check dams for debris flows,which directly affect the accuracy of estimates of interception *** present,siltation gradient calculations are based primarily on empirical values,and range from 0.4 to 0.95 times the channel slope *** middle reaches of the Bailong River are one of the four areas in China that are most severely affected by debris flow *** dams are widely employed in this mountainous ***,field studies of their capacity are *** this paper,the operations of check dams were *** on field investigation results and theoretical analysis,calculations for siltation gradient,siltation length,and dam storage capacity are *** impact of debris flow density,channel slope,and particle size weight percentages are *** calculations show that the theoretical values for siltation gradient are consistent with measured values with 83.6% accuracy;and theoretical values of siltation length are consistent with measured values with 91.6% *** results of this research are an important reference for optimal height and spacing of dams,estimation of dam storage capacity,and disaster prevention.

关键词： Debris flow Check dam Siltation gradient Siltation length Disaster prevention engineering

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Characteristics of gully bed scour and siltation between check dams

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 49-64页

作者： LYU Xiao-bo YOU Yong WANG Zhuang liu jin-feng SUN Hao ZHAO Wan-yu Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Check dams are the most commonly used engineering measure for debris flow control *** scour and siltation characteristics between dams are important factors affecting dam *** this study,classical dimensional analysis of the variables that influence the development of gully bed scour and siltation was carried *** experiments were conducted to examine the influence characteristics of opening width,flume slope,debris flow density,and opening rate on the characteristics of gully bed scour and *** influential characteristics of variables on the dimensionless scour depth,scour length,siltation length,scour volume and siltation volume were *** experiments showed that,with an increase in the relative opening from 1.5 to 2.5,scour depth increased by 7.4%,scour length decreased by 11.2%,siltation length increased by 22.0%,scour volume decreased by 4.7%and siltation volume increased by 22.0%.With an increase in flume gradient from 0.105 to 0.213,scour depth,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 40.0%,65.9%and 65.9%,respectively,and scour length decreased by 20.1%.With an increase in sediment concentration from 0.303 to 0.545,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 15.4%and 15.4%,respectively,and scour depth,scour length and scour volume decreased by 9.6%,9.1%and 17.8%,*** opening rate increased from 0.08 to 0.32,siltation length and siltation volume increased by 33.3%and 33.3%,respectively,and scour depth,scour length and scour volume decreased by 5.4%,13.7%and 18.4%,*** results showed that the flume gradient was the most influential factor on scour depth,scour length,siltation length and siltation volume,and the sediment concentration was the most influential factor on scour ***,according to the experimental data,some empirical formulas predicting scour depth,scour length,siltation length,scour volume and siltation volume were *** error between the computed values accord

关键词： Debris flow Gully bed scour Gully bed siltation Window dam

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A calculation model to assess the crack propagation length of rock block in clastic flow

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2636-2651页

作者： liu Yang YOU Yong liu jin-feng ZHAO Shu-xi YANG Dong-xu liu Dao-chuan liu Lin XIE Yan-fang YANG Kai-cheng Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChengdu 611734China Sichuan Highway Planning SurveyDesign and Research Institute LtdChengdu 610041China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Jiuquan 732750China Southwest Electric Power Design Institute co. LTD.of China Power Engineering Consulting GroupChengdu 610041China Kunming Engineering co. LTDof Power Construction Corporation of ChinaKunming 650216China

The primary cracks in the rock block undergo series of steps and finally disintegrate,during this procession,the radius affects the impact force of rock block in clastic ***,it is essential to figure out the evolution mechanism of crack propagation for the design of engineering *** this study,based on fracture mechanics and Hertz contact theory,collision happened between rock block and slope surface is assumed to be elastic *** on the above assumption,the critical impact force of crack propagation is obtained,and a model used to calculate the crack propagation length in a single collision is ***,a rock fall site in Jiuzhai Valley was used to verify the calculation *** to the model,several key factors were identified to influence crack propagation length including falling height,initial equivalent radius,and recovery coefficient of slope ***,as a result of the orthogonal experiment,the influence of those factors on the crack propagation length was ranked,normal recovery coefficient>initial radius>initial falling *** addition,the kinetic energy of the rock block in the compression stage is transformed into elastic deformation energy,angular kinetic energy,and dissipated energy of crack *** to the increase of collisions,the kinetic energy is gradually transformed into angular kinetic energy,and the dissipated energy of crack propagation weights is *** conclusion,the crack propagation in rock block is a complicated progress,which is affected by multiple factors,especially falling height,initial equivalent radius,and recovery coefficient of slope *** study may provide guidance for the design of protective structure of clastic flows.

关键词： Clastic flows Rock block Crack propagation length Fracture mechanics Energy distribution Orthogonal Test

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Characteristics of debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 415-428页

作者： WANG Zhuang liu Dao-chuan YOU Yong LYU Xiao-bo liu jin-feng ZHAO Wan-yu SUN Hao WANG Dong-wei liu Yang Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sichuan Highway Planning SurveyDesign and Research Institute Ltd.Chengdu 610041China Sichuan Tongchuan Engineering Technology Development Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610041China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Transmission&Transformation Construction Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610051China

To accurately predict impact loads can ensure the safe operation of debris flow control *** instantaneous impact process is usually considered in the calculation of the debris flow impact force;however,the redistribution of an impact load after structural regulation is *** this study we deduced the theoretical calculation of a debris flow impact on a double-row slit dam,and carried out a verification experiment on the debris flow *** calculation model considers the influence of the debris flow properties,dam arrangement and pile *** results show that the impact force of the debris flow is obviously affected by the bulk *** the bulk density is 21 kg/m^(3),the maximum impact force on the pile dam is 1.15 times that when the bulk density is 15 kg/m^(3),but the time it takes for the debris flow to pass through the dam body is reduced by 60%.The larger the relative pile spacing,the more sufficient the flow space and the lower the maximum impact *** maximum impact force of relative pile spacing of 0.8 is 12%less than that of elative pile spacing of *** horizontal distribution of the impact force in the mud depth range is *** maximum impact force on the centre pier is 1.3 times that of a side pier,and the maximum impact force on the dam body appears at the top of the mud depth *** the vertical distribution of the impact force,the maximum impact force at the highest mud mark is approximately 70%of that of the *** the increase in the relative pile spacing,the longitudinal maximum impact force distribution first decreases and then increases.

关键词： Debris flow force Slit dam Fluctuations Flume model test

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Evaluation of a traditional method for peak flow discharge estimation for floods in the Wenchuan Earthquake area,Sichuan Province,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 641-656页

作者： GUO Xiao-jun CUI Peng LI Yong liu jin-feng GE Yong-gang WANG Ci-de Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Hazards/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Aba Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Sichuan Province

Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the "Rainstorm–runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province"(RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calculation using real-time monitored rainfall and hydrologic data from a small watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area of Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the discharge values given by the RRM are commonly overestimating the measured discharge. The overestimation rate was discussed and empirical equations were proposed for improving RRM estimations, based on the relationship between calculated and measured discharge values at different watershed scales(2, 30, and 40 km2), under different rainfall probabilities(0.97–0.5, 0.5–0.2, and 0.2–0.002), and for different rainfall durations(0–6, 6–24, and >24 h). The results of this study help contribute to the understanding of water floods formation and help provide more accurate estimations of peak flow discharge in small watersheds in the Wenchuan Earthquake area.

关键词： Rainfall Runoff yield Influx Peak discharge Wenchuan Earthquake area

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