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Experimental Study on Consolidation Properties of Hydrate-Bearing Fine-Grained Sediments Collected from the Shenhu Area of the Northern South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 981-990页

作者： WEI Ruchun liu Lele JIA Chao DONG Xiao BU Qingtao ZHANG Yongchao liu changling WU Nengyou School of Water Conservancy and Environment University of JinanJinan 250022China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Marine Exploration and Conservation Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao Institute of Marine GeologyQingdao 266237China Institute of Marine Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266232China

Mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing fine-grained sediments are crucial to effectively mitigate environmental risks caused by artificial and natural decomposition of natural gas hydrates,and the decomposition can induce laterally confined *** explore the effect of natural gas hydrates on laterally confined compression properties,consolidation tests are conducted on remolded hydrate-free and hydrate-bearing samples by using natural fine-grained sediments collected from the northern South China Sea as the host sediments,and empirical equations are developed based on the analyses of consolidation *** results show that vertical loading induces a reduction in void ratio,and the reduction increases with decreasing hydrate saturation when samples are subjected to the same vertical stress *** compression index of samples is about 0.53 whether there is hydrate or not,but the yield stress of samples increases sharply with increasing hydrate saturation once beyond the critical *** coefficient of volume compression and the coefficient of consolidation of hydrate-bearing samples both increase firstly and then decrease to a relative stable level with increasing vertical stress,and the transition occurs at 200 *** average consolidation degree with elapsed time increases rapidly under low vertical stresses,slowly under median vertical stresses,and under high vertical stresses,the consolidation increases a little faster but still slower than those under low vertical stresses.

关键词： natural gas hydrate stiffness compression index hydraulic permeability geohazard

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Evaluation of the Shallow Gas Hydrate Production Based on the Radial Drilling-Heat Injection-Back Fill Method

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 119-128页

作者： CHEN Qiang WAN Yizhao WU Nengyou SUN Jianye WANG Jian liu changling LI Yanlong LI Chengfeng HU Gaowei Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266071China CNPC Offshore Engineering Company Limited Beijing 100028China Technology Innovation Center for Marine Methane Monitoring Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266071China

It has been evidenced that shallow gas hydrate resources are abundant in deep oceans *** geological back-ground,occurrence,and other characteristics differ significantly from deep-seated *** of the high risk of well construction and low production efficiency,they are difficult to be recovered by using conventional oil production *** a result,this paper proposes an alternative design based on a combination of radial drilling,heat injection,and backfilling ***-branch holes are used to penetrate shallow gas hydrate reservoirs to expand the depressurization area,and heat injection is utilized as a supplement to improve gas *** information collected from an investigation site close to the offshore production well in the South China Sea is used to assess the essential components of this plan,including well construction stability and gas production *** demonstrates that the hydraulic fracturing of the 60mbsf overburden layer can be prevented by regulating the drilling fluid ***,the traditional well structure is unstable,and the suction anchor is advised for better mechanical *** gas produc-tion rate can be significantly increased by combining hot water injection and depressurization ***,the suitable produc-tion equipment already in use is discussed.

关键词： shallow gas hydrate trail production radial drilling-heat injection-back fill method experimental and numerical simulation

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Experimental study on geochemical characteristic of methane hydrate formed in porous media

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2009年第2期18卷 217-221页

作者： Qiang Chen changling liu Yuguang Ye Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology the Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 Shandong China The key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Resources the Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 Shangdong China

The natural occurrence of methane hydrates in marine sediments has been intensively studied over the past decades, and geochemical charac-teristic of hydrate is one of the most attractive research fields. In this paper, we discussed the geochemical anomaly during hydrate formation in porous media. By doing so, we also investigated the temperature influence on hydrate formation under isobaric condition. It turns out that sub-cooling is an important factor to dominate hydrate formation. Larger subcooling provides more powerful driving force for hydrate formation. During the geochemical anomaly research, six kinds of ions and the total dissolved salt （TDS） were measured before and after the experiment in different porous media. The result is that all kinds of ionic concentration increased after hydrate formation which can be defined as salting out effect mainly affected by gas consumption. But the variation ratio of different ions is not equal. Ca^2＋ seems to be the most significantly influenced one, and its variation ratio is up to 80%. Finally, we theoretically made a model to calculate the TDS variation, the result is in good accordance with measured one, especially when gas consumption is large.

关键词： hydrate formation porous media subcooling salting out effect geochemical anomaly

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NO介导的宰后成熟期间滩羊肉线粒体通路细胞凋亡对嫩度的影响

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食品科学 2024年第18期45卷 1-9页

作者：马佳荣高爽刘长玲梁艳群虎瑶罗瑞明宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院宁夏银川750021 宁夏大学动物科技学院宁夏银川750021

为了探究NO介导的宰后成熟期间滩羊肉线粒体通路细胞凋亡对嫩度的影响。用0.8%生理盐水(对照组)、20 mmol/L氨基胍盐酸盐(aminoguanidine hydrochloride,AH)(AH组)和90 mmol/L L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)(L-Arg组)注射处理滩羊后腿肌,分析在4℃条件下成熟0、6、12、24、48、96、192 h时,NO及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide sythase,i NOS)含量、胞浆细胞色素c(cytochrome c,Cyt-c)氧化还原状态、氧化应激水平以及线粒体细胞凋亡途径和嫩度等相关指标变化情况。结果表明:宰后12~24 h,L-Arg组NO含量和i NOS含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而ATP含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);24~48 h,AH组胞浆Cyt-c还原水平及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著高于对照组,而同一时间活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);12~96 h,L-Arg组ATP含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),在24 h时其Ca2+质量浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。除了24 h以外,整个成熟过程其他成熟时间L-Arg组的Caspase-3活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);此外,整个宰后成熟期间L-Arg组的Bax/Bcl-2比值、pH值以及肌原纤维小片化指数(myofibril fragmentation index,MFI)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);相反,L-Arg组剪切力均低于对照组,AH组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,NO在滩羊宰后成熟过程中通过加剧线粒体氧化应激,直接上调ROS水平,使得SOD活性降低,线粒体膜转换孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)呈不可逆开放状态,致使线粒体损伤;通过控制胞浆Cyt-c氧化还原状态,间接激活Caspase-3活性加速细胞凋亡能量代谢,消耗ATP以维持肌细胞稳态;通过影响Ca2+释放,上调Bax/Bcl-2比值,诱导线粒体通路细胞凋亡的级联反应发生,最终引起MFI增大和剪切力降低,从而改善滩羊肉的嫩度。

关键词：嫩度 NO 滩羊肉细胞凋亡

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B细胞淋巴瘤2对宰后秦川牛肉细胞凋亡及保水性的调控作用

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食品科学 2024年第15期45卷 205-213页

作者：刘长玲高爽马佳荣李亚蕾罗瑞明曹松敏宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院宁夏银川750021 宁夏大学动物科技学院宁夏银川750021

为研究B细胞淋巴瘤2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)对宰后秦川牛肉细胞凋亡及保水性的调控作用。用200μmol/L甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(glycochenodeoxycholic acid,GCDA)和10μmol/L 2-乙基-3-甲基戊酰胺(2-ethyl-3-methylpentanamide,ABT-737)溶液注射处理秦川牛背最长肌,测定并分析在4℃条件下分别成熟0、6、12、24、48、72、120 h时,Bcl-2、Bcl-2关联X蛋白含量、内质网和线粒体钙离子浓度、电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白1(voltage-dependent anion channel protein 1,VDAC1)表达量、钙蛋白酶含量以及线粒体细胞凋亡途径和保水性等相关指标变化情况。结果表明,在宰后6 h,GCDA处理组的Bcl-2含量极显著大于对照组(P<0.01),并且其内质网钙离子浓度均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),两个处理组的蒸煮损失率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在宰后12 h和24 h,ABT-737处理组的Bcl-2含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。在宰后12 h和120 h,ABT-737处理组的内质网、线粒体钙离子浓度和钙蛋白酶均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。宰后0~120 h,两组处理组的VDAC1总表达量低于对照组。综上,秦川牛宰后成熟过程中,在Bcl-2的调控下,通过VDAC1通道运输发生钙离子超载,造成钙蛋白酶的活化,线粒体内Ca^(2+)超载会促使半胱天冬酶(Caspase)-9和Caspase-3被激活,从而诱导细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡和Caspase激活程度越高,肌原纤维蛋白降解越多,持水能力越差,肉品保水性越低。

关键词： B细胞淋巴瘤2 宰后成熟秦川牛背最长肌细胞凋亡 Ca^(2+) 肉的保水性

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Pore capillary pressure and saturation of methane hydrate bearing sediments

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第10期33卷 30-36页

作者： SUN Shicai liu changling YE Yuguang liu Yufeng Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Shandong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology

To better understand the relationship between the pore capillary pressure and hydrate saturation in sediments, a new method was proposed. First, the phase equilibria of methane hydrate in fine-grained silica sands were measured. As to the equilibrium data, the pore capillary pressure and saturation of methane hydrate were calculated. The results showed that the phase equilibria of methane hydrates in fine-grained silica sands changed due to the depressed activity of pore water caused by the surface group and negatively charged characteristic of silica particles as well as the capillary pressure in small pores together. The capillary pressure increased with the increase of methane hydrate saturation due to the decrease of the available pore space. However, the capillary-saturation relationship could not yet be described quantitatively because of the stochastic habit of hydrate growth.

关键词： methane hydrate equibrium silica sand saturation pore capillary pressure

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孔隙水盐度与黏土类型对海洋沉积物水分特征曲线的影响研究

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地质学报 2024年第9期98卷 2795-2805页

作者：付佳妮于晓曦傅晓敏赵航刘昌岭马云刘乐乐青岛市地下水资源保护与修复重点实验室山东青岛266101 自然资源部滨海城市地下空间地质安全重点实验室山东青岛266101 青岛地质工程勘察院(青岛地质勘查开发局) 山东青岛266101 自然资源部天然气水合物重点实验室中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所山东青岛266237 长江师范学院土木建筑工程学院重庆408100 中国海洋大学海底建设与保护山东省工程研究中心山东青岛266100

海洋沉积物在天然气水合物分解或海水入侵过程中会出现孔隙水盐度及水饱和状态不断变化的现象,其透气和透水能力与沉积物水分特征曲线有关,然而孔隙水盐度变化对沉积物水分特征曲线的影响规律目前仍不够清楚。本文采用南海北部天然气水... 详细信息

海洋沉积物在天然气水合物分解或海水入侵过程中会出现孔隙水盐度及水饱和状态不断变化的现象,其透气和透水能力与沉积物水分特征曲线有关,然而孔隙水盐度变化对沉积物水分特征曲线的影响规律目前仍不够清楚。本文采用南海北部天然气水合物赋存区的海洋沉积物与实验室配置的混合沉积物进行试验,使用相对快速的离心机法,测定了不同基质吸力条件下的孔隙水饱和度,分析了黏土矿物类型和孔隙水盐度等因素对沉积物水分特征曲线的影响,选用被广泛使用的van Genuchten模型,率定了模型的拟合参数。结果表明:含黏土石英砂水分特征曲线基本不受黏土矿物种类的影响;南海北部海洋沉积物的黏土质量含量超过35%,但其水分特征曲线在两倍海水盐度范围内也几乎不受影响;对于南海北部海洋沉积物,van Genuchten模型系数a取值为0.00023 kPa^(-1),系数n和m取值分别为0.51和4.9。

关键词：天然气水合物渗透率海水入侵盐度黏土矿物基质吸力

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Experimental studies on the P-T stability conditions and influencing factors of gas hydrate in different systems

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第3期56卷 594-600页

作者： liu changling YE YuGuang SUN ShiCai CHEN Qiang MENG QingGuo HU GaoWei Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Shandong University of Science and Technology

The P-T stability conditions of gas hydrate in different systems （i.e., solution, silica sand, and marine sediment） were studied using multi-step decomposition method with our experimental equipment. The effects of different ions with various concentra- tions and sediment grains on the P-T stability conditions of gas hydrate were investigated. The results show that different ions have different influences on the phase equilibrium of gas hydrate. However, the influence of ions is in a similar trend： the larg- er the concentration, the bigger the P-T curve shifts to the left. For the silica sand, the influence of pore capillarity of coarse particles （〉 460 ~tm） can be negligible. The P-T curve measured in coarse silica is in agreement with that in pure water. How- ever, the influence of pore capillarity of fine particles （〈 35 μm） is significant. The maximum reduction value of temperature is 1.5 K for methane hydrate under stable state. The sediment from the South China Sea significantly affects the P-T stability conditions of methane hydrate, with an average reduction value of 1.9 K within the experimental conditions. This is mainly the result of both the pore water salinity and the pore capillarity of sediment. Because the pore water salinity is keeping diluted by the fresh water released from hydrate dissociation, the measured P-T stability points fall on different P-T curves with the de- creasing salinity.

关键词： pore water silica sand methane hydrate sediment from South China Sea P-T stability conditions

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P-T stability conditions of methane hydrate in sediment from South China Sea

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2011年第5期20卷 531-536页

作者： Shicai Sun Yuguang Ye changling liu Fengkui Xiang Yan Ma Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266510 Shandong China Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao 266071 Shandong China Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Qingdao 266071 Shandong China

For reasonable assessment and safe exploitation of marine gas hydrate resource, it is important to determine the stability conditions of gas hydrates in marine sediment. In this paper, the seafloor water sample and sediment sample （saturated with pore water） from Shenhu Area of South China Sea were used to synthesize methane hydrates, and the stability conditions of methane hydrates were investigated by multi-step heating dissociation method. Preliminary experimental results show that the dissociation temperature of methane hydrate both in seafloor water and marine sediment, under any given pressure, is depressed by approximately -1.4 K relative to the pure water system. This phenomenon indicates that hydrate stability in marine sediment is mainly affected by pore water ions.

关键词： sediment from South China Sea seafloor water methane hydrate stability condition

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Undrained shear strength evaluation for hydrate-bearing sediment overlying strata in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第3期38卷 114-123页

作者： Yanlong Li Gaowei Hu Nengyou Wu changling liu Qiang Chen Chen'an Li Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Ministry of Natural Resources Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology China Geological Survey College of Information and Control Engineering China University of Petroleum

The undrained shear strength of shallow strata is a critical parameter for safety design in deep-water *** situ piezocone penetration tests(CPTU) and laboratory experiments are performed at Site W18-19 in the Shenhu area, northern South China Sea, where China's first marine hydrate exploitation operation is due to be located. The validation of the undrained shear strength prediction model based on CPTU parameters. Different laboratory tests, including pocket penetrometer, torvane, miniature vane and unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests, are employed to solve empirical cone coefficients by statistical and mathematical methods. Finally, an optimized model is proposed to describe the longitudinal distribution of undrained shear strength in calcareous clay strata in the Shenhu area. Research results reveal that average empirical cone coefficients based on total cone resistance, effective resistance, and excess-pore pressure are 13.8, 4.2 and 14.4, respectively. The undrained shear strength prediction model shows a good fit with the laboratory results only within specific intervals based on their compaction degree and gas-bearing conditions. The optimized prediction model in piecewise function format can be used to describe the longitudinal distribution of the undrained shear strength for calcareous clay within all depth intervals from the mud-line to the upper boundary of hydrate-bearing sediments(HBS). The optimized prediction result indicates that the effective cone resistance model is suitable for very soft to firm calcareous clays,the excess-pore pressure model can depict the undrained shear strength for firm to very stiff but gas-free clays,while the total cone resistance model is advantageous for evaluating the undrained shear strength for very stiff and gassy clays. The optimized model in piecewise function format can considerably improve the adaptability of empirical models for calcareous clay in the Shenhu area. These results are significant for sa

关键词： piezocone penetration test hydrate exploitation test undrained shear strength calcareous clay Shenhu area South China Sea

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