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Molecular Evolution of VEF-Domain-Containing PcG Genes in Plants

Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 738-754页

作者： ling-jing chen zhao-yan diao chelsea specht z. renee sung Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA

Arabidopsis VERNALIz.TION2 （VRN2）, EMBRYONIC FLOWER2 （EMF2）, and FERTILIz.TION-INDEPENDENT SEED2 （FIS2） are involved in vernaliz.tion-mediated flowering, vegetative development, and seed development, respectively. Together with Arabidopsis VEF-L36, they share a VEF domain that is conserved in plants and animals. To investigate the evolution of VEF-domain-containing genes （VEF genes）, we analyz.d sequences related to VEF genes across land plants. To date, 24 full-length sequences from 11 angiosperm families and 54 partial sequences from another nine families were identified. The majority of the full-length sequences identified share greatest sequence similarity with and possess the same major domain structure as Arabidopsis EMF2. EMF2-1ike sequences are not only widespread among angiosperms, but are also found in genomic sequences of gymnosperms, lycophyte, and moss. No FIS2- or VEF-L36-1ike sequences were recovered from plants other than Arabidopsis, including from rice and poplar for which whole genomes have been sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length sequences showed a high degree of amino acid sequence conservation in EMF2 homologs of closely related taxa. VRN2 homologs are recovered as a clade nested within the larger EMF2 clade. FIS2 and VEF-L36 are recovered in the VRN2 clade. VRN2 clade may have evolved from an EMF2 duplication event that occurred in the rosids prior to the divergence of the eurosid I and eurosid II lineages. We propose that dynamic changes in genome evolution contribute to the generation of the family of VEF-domain-containing genes, Phylogenetic analysis of the VEF domain alone showed that VEF sequences continue to evolve following EM F2NRN2 divergence in accordance with species relationship. Existence of EMF2-1ike sequences in animals and across land plants suggests that a prototype form of EMF2 was present prior to the divergence of the plant and animal lineages. A proposed sequence of events, based on domain organiz.tion and

关键词： VEF EMF2 FIS2 VRN2 VEF-L36 Arabidopsis PcG phylogeny evolution.

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