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Trans-Gulf of mexico loop migration of tree swallows revealed by solar geolocation

Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 653-659页

作者： David W. BRADLEY Robert G. CLARK Peter O. DUNN Andrew J. LAUGHLIN Caz m. TAYLOR Carol VLECK linda A. WHITTINGHAm David W. WINKLER D. Ryan NORRIS Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W 1 Canada Bird Studies Canada Port Rowan Ontario N0E 1M0 Canada Environment Canada. Saskatoon. Saskatchewan S7N 0X4. Canada Behavioral and molecular Ecology Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011-1020 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Vertebrates and Lab of Ornithology Comell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

One of the greatest feats of avian migration is the non-stop crossing of extensive areas of inhospitable habitat such as deserts and seas. Differences in spring and autumn migration routes have been reported in species that cross such barriers, and are thought to have evolved in response to seasonal variation in prevailing wind direction. We tested the hypothesis that migration routes vary seasonally with respect to the Gulf of mexico in the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor using solar geolocators attached and retrieved at 4 breeding sites in central North America. We found that 100 % of birds （n = 10） made a trans-Gulf flight of 〉850 km from Louisiana south to their wintering grounds in the Yucatan Peninsula in 12-36 hours, achieving minimum ground speeds as high as 32 m/s. Although most days during autumn migration were characterized by unfavorable headwinds blowing to the northwest, migration over the Gulf mostly occurred on days with strong winds blowing to the south. In contrast, in 8 of 9 （88 %） birds on spring migration returned from the wintering grounds towards Louisiana following a clockwise loop pat- tern flying over land to the west around the Gulf. During this spring period there were few days with prevailing winds from the south to assist northward migration. Results suggest that, despite being up to three times further （ca. 2,700 kin）, a coastal circum-Gulf spring migration represents the less risky route when wind conditions are not favorable. These findings also help to resolve a long-standing dispute in the literature concerning migration patterns between the US Gulf coast and mexico, and provide insight into the factors shaping migration strategies of small songbirds migrating across large bodies of water [Current Zoology 60（5）： 653-559, 2014].

关键词： Ecological Barrier Geolocation Gulf of mexico Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow migration

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Deciphering the Stigmatic Transcriptional Landscape of Compatible and Self-Incompatible Pollinations in Brassica napus Reveals a Rapid Stigma Senescence Response Following Compatible Pollination

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molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1988-1991页

作者： Subramanian Sankaranarayanan muhammad Jamshed Srijani Deb Kate Chatfield-reed Eun-Joo Gina Kwon Gordon Chua marcus A. Samuel Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada Institute of Biocomplexity and Informatics Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada

Dear Editor, Self-incompatibility （SI） is a genetic mechanism through which flowering plants prevent self-pollination to ensure out- crossing and genetic diversity. In Brassica sp., this mechanism is controlled by the self-incompatibility （S） locus, in which, the stigmatic ＇S-locus receptor kinase （SRK）＇ recognizes the ＇S-locus cysteine rich protein （SCR）＇ from the self-pollen to elicit an active rejection response. This results in blocking of compatibil- ity factors from being delivered to the site of pollen attachment leading to self-pollen rejection （Chapman and Goring, 2010）. In contrast, following recognition of compatible signals from the cross-pollen or compatible pollen （CP）, the stigma releases its resources such as water and nutrients to the dry pollen so that the pollen tube can germinate and penetrate the stigmatic cuticle leading to successful fertilization. Thus, an incompatible or self-pollen is fully capable of eliciting a compatible response, but is actively rejected before compatible responses can occur.

关键词： Self-incompatibility (SI) Brassica napus

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Evaluation of mast Cells in Dermal versus Subcutaneous Hemangiomas and Hemangiosarcomas in Dogs

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2012年第2期2卷 60-65页

作者： Katherine A. Barber Kim m. Newkirk Ann reed Robert L. Donnell College of Veterinary medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Research Computing Support Office of Information Technology University of Tennessee Knoxville USA

This study investigated the role of mast cells in canine cutaneous vascular tumors, and is the first such study to distinguish between tumors arising in the dermis versus the subcutis. mast cell numbers in canine cutaneous hemangiomas (HA) and hemangiosarcomas (HSA) were evaluated to identify a relationship between mast cells, tumor type (HA, HSA), histologic location (dermis, subcutis) and tumor recurrence. One hundred and sixty-seven biopsies from 148 dogs were evaluated. Using only one biopsy from each dog, mast cell counts (mCC) for each tumor (n = 148) were obtained by averaging the number of mast cells counted in ten 400× fields. A significant difference in mean mCC was found only between tumor types, with HA having more mast cells than HSA (4.2 ± 4.2 vs. 2.2 ± 2.6;p mean mCC existed between tumors that recurred and those that did not. There was no difference in recurrence rate between tumor type or histologic location. Our results indicate that benign HA contain more mast cells than malignant endothelial cell tumors, regardless of histologic location;whether this is a cause or effect relationship remains to be determined.

关键词： Canine Dermis Hemangioma Hemangiosarcoma mast Cell Skin Subcutaneous

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Time dependent integration of matrix metalloproteinases and their targeted substrates directs axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis following central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 362-376页

作者： linda L.Phillips Julie L.Chan Adele E.Doperalski Thomas m.Reeves Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Over the past two decades, many investigators have reported how extracellular matrix molecules act to regulate neuroplasticity. The majority of these studies involve proteins which are targets of matrix metalloproteinases. Importantly, these enzyme/substrate interactions can regulate degenerative and regenerative phases of synaptic plasticity, directing axonal and dendritic reorganization after brain insult. The present review first summarizes literature support for the prominent role of matrix metalloproteinases during neuroregeneration, followed by a discussion of data contrasting adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity that reveals time-dependent metalloproteinase/substrate regulation of postinjury synaptic recovery. The potential for these enzymes to serve as therapeutic targets for enhanced neuroplasticity after brain injury is illustrated with experiments demonstrating that metalloproteinase inhibitors can alter adaptive and maladaptive outcome. Finally, the complexity of metalloproteinase role in reactive synaptogenesis is revealed in new studies showing how these enzymes interact with immune molecules to mediate cellular response in the local regenerative environment, and are regulated by novel binding partners in the brain extracellular matrix. Together, these different examples show the complexity with which metalloproteinases are integrated into the process of neuroregeneration, and point to a promising new angle for future studies exploring how to facilitate brain plasticity.

关键词： neuroregeneration reactive synaptogenesis matrix metalloproteinases brain injury adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity metalloproteinase inhibition osteopontin lipocalin 2

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molecular mechanisms of Ethylene-Auxin Interaction

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molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1734-1737页

作者： linda Robles Anna Stepanova Jose Alonso Department of Plant and microbial Biology North Carolina State University

During the century-long history of plant hormone research, the focus in this area has shifted from the original physi- ological experiments to molecular, genetic, biochemical, and, more recently, genomic approaches. During this jour- ney, we have learned about the many effects these natural compounds have on plant growth and development at the morphological and molecular levels. We have also uncov- ered how these molecules are sensed by the plant cell and how they trigger signaling cascades that relay information to the nucleus, ultimately culminating in a transcriptional cas- cade. With this fundamental knowledge at hand, the main efforts in the field have turned towards a more integrative systems approach, in which the function of a hormone is considered in the context of the complex and dynamic net of interactions with other hormones or, more broadly, with other developmental and environmental signals. Initially, due to the complexity of the problem, most crosstalk studies have focused on pairwise interactions between two or few hormones. Special attention has been given to the interac- tions between ethylene and auxin, perhaps in part because of the experimental tractability of some of the processes in which the interaction between these two hormones is most manifested. An excellent review has been recently written describing the many different processes in which these two hormones are known to interact, either synergistically, such as root growth inhibition, or antagonistically, as is the case for lateral root formation （muday et al., 2012）. Rather than following this process-centered approach, herein we decided to focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the inter- action between ethylene and auxin. We take a closer look at the best-known transcriptional and posttranscriptional points of interaction, as well as revisit the most recent experimental findings that suggested additional levels of ethylene-auxin crosstalk.

关键词：刺柏属激素类内皮缩血管肽类生长和发育胰岛素抑制(心理学) 注意力综述

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Validation of the VitalPAC Early Warning Score at the Intermediate Care Unit

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World Journal of Critical Care medicine 2018年第3期7卷 39-45页

作者： Joost DJ Plate linda m Peelen Luke PH Leenen Falco Hietbrink Division of Surgery University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Julius Center for Health Sciences University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Departments of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care medicine University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University

AIm To assess the performance and clinical relevance of the Early Warning Scoring(EWS)system at the Intermediate Care Unit(ImCU).mETHODS This cohort study used all the Vital PAC EWS(Vi EWS)scores collected during each nursing shift from 2014through 2016 at the mixed surgical ImCU of an academic teaching *** deterioration defined as transfer to the Intensive Care Unit(ICU)or mortality within 24 h was the primary outcome of *** A total of 9113 aggregated Vi EWS scores were obtained from 2113 *** incidence of the combined outcome was 272(3.0%).The area under the curve of the Vi EWS was 0.72(CI:0.69-0.75).Using a threshold value of six,the sensitivity was 68%with a positive predictive value of 5%and a number needed to trigger(e.g.,false alarms)of 19%.CONCLUSION The Vi EWS at the ImCU has a discriminative performance that is considerably lower than at the hospital *** number of false alarms is high,which may result in alarm ***,use of the Vi EWS in its current form at the ImCU should be reconsidered.

关键词： Intermediate Care Unit High-dependency unit Clinical deterioration Vital signs Early Warning Scoring

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Herbaceous-Layer Community Dynamics along a Harvest-Intensity Gradient after 50 Years of Consistent management

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Open Journal of Forestry 2012年第3期2卷 97-109页

作者： marcella A. Campione linda m. Nagel Christopher R. Webster School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Ecosystem Science Center Michigan Technological University Houghton USA

In 1958, a demonstrational cutting trial totaling 22.2 ha was established in a northern hardwood forest in Alberta, mI. Eight different treatments were installed, including four diameter-limit treatments (56 cm, 41 cm, 30 cm, and 13 cm), three single-tree selection treatments with residual basal areas of 21 m2·ha–1, 16 m2·ha–1, and 11 m2·ha–1, and an uncut control. Within each treatment, a 0.4-ha permanent plot was established and subdivided into 0.04-ha square subplots. Harvests have been implemented every ten years with the most recent harvest occurring during the winter of 2008 - 2009. We quantified ground layer vegetation response before and after the most recent harvest. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NmS) ordination showed a very distinct separation between the most intensive management treatment (13-cm diameter-limit treatment) and the uncut control. Compositionally, the diameter-limit treatments moved with greater directionality and magnitude towards the 13-cm diameter-limit treatment following harvest, while compositional change in the residual basal area treatments was less pronounced and lacked strong directionality. Herbaceous species percent cover generally decreased with increasing residual overstory basal area across treatments. Weedy and early successional species were most abundant under lower residual basal area and diameter-limit treatments. Results based on 50 years of continuous management suggest that diameter-limit harvests likely have a greater impact on the herbaceous community than single-tree selection or no management.

关键词： Northern Hardwood Forests Uneven-Aged management NmS Ordination Understory Diversity Diameter-Limit Single-Tree Selection

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疑源类:元古代和古生代神秘的有机质壁微体化石

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微体古生物学报 2004年第2期21卷 222-226页

作者： reed WICANDER 燕夔李军 DepartmentofGeology CentralMichiganUniversityMt.PleasantMI48859 不详

疑源类是一类不能归入任何已知生物门类的单细胞原生生物的有机质壁囊孢。大多数疑源类可能是海生真核浮游植物的休眠囊孢。有些疑源类可能是沟鞭藻的囊孢 ,但缺乏足够的形态学证据来确认它们的分类位置。有些疑源类已经确认是绿藻 ,但... 详细信息

疑源类是一类不能归入任何已知生物门类的单细胞原生生物的有机质壁囊孢。大多数疑源类可能是海生真核浮游植物的休眠囊孢。有些疑源类可能是沟鞭藻的囊孢 ,但缺乏足够的形态学证据来确认它们的分类位置。有些疑源类已经确认是绿藻 ,但为了便于研究 ,通常仍然将其包括在疑源类中。因此 ,疑源类是一类起源未知的或不确定的异源的、多源的有机壁微体化石集合体。疑源类的大小变异范围可以从 m到大于 1m m,但大多数种的大小在 15— 80 μm之间。由于疑源类个体小、数量丰富、分异度高 ,分布广 ,因此它们在生物地层对比、古生物地理学、古环境学研究中非常有用。几乎所有地层中都可以找到疑源类 ,但以晚元古代和古生代最为常见。因为疑源类代表元古代、古生代海洋食物链底层的化石记录 ,所以在全球海洋生态系统的演化上起着非常重要的作用。

关键词：疑源类单细胞原生生物有机质壁囊孢元古代古生代有机质壁微体化石

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma in micronesians, a Growing Pacific Islander Population in the U.S.

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第6期8卷 223-233页

作者： Eric m. Wu Brenda Y. Hernandez linda L. Wong Department of Surgery University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu USA Cancer Center University of Hawaii Honolulu USA

Background: micronesians are a rapidly growing population in Hawaii and the continental U.S. Hepatitis B is prevalent in micronesia, but the consequences in those migrating to the U.S. are unclear. This study characterizes hepatocellular carcinoma in micronesians with comparisons to other Pacific Islanders. methods: A retrospective evaluation was undertaken of 40 micronesian and 142 Non-micronesian Pacific hepatocellular carcinoma patients diagnosed in a large clinical practice in Hawaii from 1993-2017. Results: All micronesians were born outside of the U.S. micronesians were younger at diagnosis (52.0 vs. 60.2 years), had higher rates of hepatitis B (80% vs. 31.2%), a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma (17.5% vs. 4.4%) and more tumors m (64.1% vs. 45.2%). Non micronesian Pacific Islanders had higher rates of Hepatitis C (48.6% vs. 22.5%) and hypertension (61.7% vs. 32.4%). There was no difference in the proportions of screen-detected tumors, those meeting milan criteria, tumor stage, or liver function. micronesians had better 5-year survival rates (48% vs. 16.7%). Conclusion: Hepatocellular carcinoma in micronesians is primarily Hepatitis B-related. micronesians were equally likely to have hepatocellular carcinoma found with screening, undergo transplant and had better survival. Our study emphasizes the need for hepatitis B screening and hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in micronesians.

关键词： Hepatocellular Carcinoma micronesians Hepatitis B Screening

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Diversity and Distribution of Tunicata （Urochordata）in Tobaao

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第2期6卷 221-232页

作者： linda L. Cole Dept. of lnvertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History MRC-163 Washington D.C. 20012-7012 USA

The beautiful island of Tobago is the southernmost Caribbean island. The sister island of Trinidad belongs to the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Thirty-two species of tunicates were collected from Tobago from depths of 40 m or less and they were listed. Tunicates listed in this work were from collections made in 1956, 1991, 1993, 2002 and 2006 and although specimens were collected from the Atlantic Ocean side of the island and the Caribbean Sea side, all species turned out to be typical Caribbean species.

关键词： Tobago tunicates Caribbean sea taxonomy.

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