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Boosting MA-based two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells by incorporating a binary spacer

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 348-356页

作者： Xue Dong Yinhao Tang Yiqun Li Xin Li Yuzhen Zhao Wenqi song Fangmin Wang Shudong Xu Yipeng Zhou Chenxin Ran Zongcheng Miao lin song Zhongbin Wu Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device Technological Institute of Materials & Energy Science (TIMES) Xijing University Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Artificial Intelligence Optics and Electronics (iOPEN) Northwestern Polytechnical University

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper（2DRP） perovskite exhibits excellent stability in perovskite solar cells（PSCs） due to introducing hydrophobic long-chain organic spacers.However,the poor charge transporting property of bulky organic cation spacers limits the performance of 2DRP PSCs.Inspired by the Asite cation alloying strategy in 3D perovskites,2DRP perovskites with a binary spacer can promote charge transporting compared to the unary spacer counterparts.Herein,the superior MA-based 2DRP perovskite films with a binary spacer,including 3-guanidinopropanoic acid（GPA） and 4-fluorophenethylamine（FPEA） are realized.These films(GPA0.85FPEA0.15)2MA4Pb5I16show good morphology,large grain size,decreased trap state density,and preferential orientation of the as-prepared film.Accordingly,the present 2DRP-based PSC with the binary spacer achieves a remarkable efficiency of 18.37% with a VOCof1.15 V,a JSCof 20.13 mA cm-2,and an FF of 79.23%.To our knowledge,the PCE value should be the highest for binary spacer MA-based 2DRP（n ≤ 5） PSCs to date.Importantly,owing to the hydrophobic fluorine group of FPEA and the enhanced interlayer interaction by FPEA,the unencapsulated 2DRP PSCs based on binary spacers exhibit much excellent humidity stability and thermal stability than the unary spacer counterparts.

关键词： Binary spacers Perovskite solar cells Stability Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite

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Unexpected Diversity in Ecosystem Nutrient Responses to Experimental Drought in Temperate Grasslands

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第4期93卷 831-841页

作者： Biying Qiu Niwu Te lin song Yuan Shi Chuan Qiu Xiaoan Zuo Qiang Yu Jianqiang Qian Zhengwen Wang Honghui Wu Wentao Luo School of Life Sciences Hebei UniversityBaoding071002China Liaoning Northwest Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research StationInstitute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110164China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730030China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China College of Forestry Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China

The responses of ecosystem nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to drought are an important component of globalchange studies. However, previous studies were more often based on site-specific experiments, introducing a significantuncertainty to synthesis and site comparisons. We investigated the responses of vegetation and soil nutrientsto drought using a network experiment of temperate grasslands in Northern China. Drought treatment (66%reduction in growing season precipitation) was imposed by erecting rainout shelters, respectively, at the driest,intermediate, and wettest sites. We found that vegetation nutrient concentrations increased but soil nutrient concentrationsdecreased along the aridity gradient. Differential responses were observed under experimentaldrought among the three grassland sites. Specifically, the experimental drought did not change vegetation andsoil nutrient status at the driest site, while strongly reduced vegetation but increased soil nutrient concentrationsat the site with intermediate precipitation. On the contrary, experimental drought increased vegetation N concentrationsbut did not change vegetation P and soil nutrient concentrations at the wettest site. In general, the differentialeffects of drought on ecosystem nutrients were observed between manipulative and observationalexperiments as well as between sites. Our research findings suggest that conducting large-scale, consistent, andcontrolled network experiments is essential to accurately evaluate the effects of global climate change on terrestrialecosystem bio-geochemistry.

关键词： Climate change drought experiment precipitation nutrient cycles

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Tetrabromobisphenol A exerts thyroid disrupting effects but has little overt impact on postnatal brain development and neurobehaviors in mice

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 1-10页

作者： Shilin song Yuanyuan Li lin Lv Mengqi Dong Zhanfen Qin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)is a widely used brominated flame retardant.There is evidence showing that TBBPA can exert thyroid disrupting effects in mammals,but different results were also reported,along with inconsistent reports regarding its neurotoxicity.Here,we investigated thyroid disrupting effects and neurotoxicity of TBBPA(5,50,500μg/(kg·day))to male mice following maternal and direct exposure through drinking water,with the antithyroid drug propylthiouracil(PTU)as the positive control.On postnatal day(PND)15,we expectedly observed severe thyroid compensatory hyperplasia and cerebellar developmental retardation in PTU-treated pups.The highest dose of TBBPA also caused thyroid histological alteration but had no effects on cerebellar development in terms of Purkinje cell morphology and the thickness of the internal granular layer and the molecular layer of the cerebellum.During puberty and adulthood,the thyroid morphological alterations became more pronounced in the TBBPA-treated animals,accompanied by decreased serum thyroid hormone levels.Furthermore,the 50 and 500μg/(kg·day)TBBPA groups showed a significant decrease in the serum level of serotonin,a neurotransmitter associated with anxiety behaviors.Correspondingly,the highest dose group displayed anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze test on PND 35,but this neurobehavioral alteration disappeared on PND 56.Moreover,no changes in neurobehavioral parameters tested were found in TBBPAtreated animals at puberty and adulthood.Altogether,all observations show that TBBPA can exert thyroid disrupting effects but has little overt impact on brain development and neurobehaviors in mice,suggesting that thyroid disruption does not necessarily cause overtly adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

关键词： Tetrabromobisphenol A Thyroid disruption Brain development Neurobehavior Cerebellum

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Functional Optical Fiber Sensors Detecting Imperceptible Physical/Chemical Changes for Smart Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 268-308页

作者： Yiding Li Li Wang Youzhi song Wenwei Wang Cheng lin Xiangming He Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Beijing 100081People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of BIT(Shenzhen Research Institute of National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles) Shenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.

关键词： Smart battery Advanced embedded optical fiber sensor Battery internal physical/chemical state Quality-reliability-life characteristic

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A newly proposed heatstroke-induced coagulopathy score in patients with heat illness: A multicenter retrospective study in China

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 83-90页

作者： Qing-Wei lin lin-Cui Zhong Long-Ping He Qing-Bo Zeng Wei Zhang Qing song Jing-Chun song Department of Critical Care Medicine The 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Logistic Support ForcesNanchang360104Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Emergency Medicine The 900th Hospital of Chinese PLA Logistic Support ForcesFuzhou350000China Department of Critical Care Medicine Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General HospitalSanya572013Hainan ProvinceChina

Purpose:In patients with heatstroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality. However, time-consuming assays or a complex diagnostic system may delay immediate treatment. Therefore, the present study proposes a new heatstroke-induced coagulopathy (HIC) score in patients with heat illness as an early warning indicator for DIC.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled patients with heat illness in 24 Chinese hospitals from March 2021 to May 2022. Patients under 18 years old, with a congenital clotting disorder or liver disease, or using anticoagulants were excluded. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, routine blood tests, conventional coagulation assays and biochemical indexes. The risk factors related to coagulation function in heatstroke were identified by regression analysis, and used to construct a scoring system for HIC. The data of patients who met the diagnostic criteria for HIC and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis defined-DIC were analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0.Results:The final analysis included 302 patients with heat illness, of whom 131 (43.4%) suffered from heatstroke, including 7 death (5.3%). Core temperature (OR = 1.681, 95% CI 1.291 - 2.189, p < 0.001), prothrombin time (OR = 1.427, 95% CI 1.175 - 1.733, p < 0.001) and D-dimer (OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.049 - 1.471, p = 0.012) were independent risk factors for heatstroke, and therefore used to construct an HIC scoring system because of their close relation with abnormal coagulation. A total score ≥ 3 indicated HIC, and HIC scores correlated with the score for International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis-DIC (r = 0.8848, p < 0.001). The incidence of HIC (27.5%) was higher than that of DIC (11.2%) in all of 131 heatstroke patients. Meanwhile, the mortality rate of HIC (19.4%) was lower than that of DIC (46.7%). When HIC developed into DIC, parameters of coagulation dysfunction changed significantly: platelet count decrea

关键词： Heat illness Heatstroke Coagulation disorders Diagnosis Disseminated intravascular coagulation

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Integrability and solutions of a nonsymmetric discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 45-50页

作者： Maebel Mesfun Da-jun Zhang song-lin Zhao Department of Mathematics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai University Shanghai 200444China Department of Applied Mathematics Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China

In this paper,we present Lax pairs and solutions for a nonsymmetric lattice equation,which is a torqued version of the lattice potential Korteweg-de Vries equation.This nonsymmetric equation is special in the sense that it contains only one spacing parameter but consists of two consistent cubes with other integrable lattice equations.Using such a multidimensionally consistent property we are able to derive its two Lax pairs and also construct solutions using B?cklund transformations.

关键词： discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation nonsymmetric multi-dimensional consistency Backlund transformation solution

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Stabilizing iridium sites via interface and reconstruction regulations for water oxidation in alkaline and acidic media

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 355-363,I0009页

作者： Weibin Chen Yanhui song Lei Li Junjie Guo Zhan lin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in AdvancedMaterials Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina

Exploring effective iridium(Ir)-based electrocatalysts with stable iridium centers is highly desirable for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we regulated the incorporation manner of Ir in Co_(3)O_(4)support to stabilize the Ir sites for effective OER.When anchored on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)in the form of Ir(OH)_6 species,the created Ir-OH-Co interface leads to a limited stability and poor acidic OER due to Ir leaching.When doped into Co_(3)O_(4)lattice,the analyses of X-ray absorption spectroscopy,in-situ Raman,and OER measurements show that the partially replacement of Co in Co_(3)O_(4)by Ir atoms inclines to cause strong electronic effect and activate lattice oxygen in the presence of Ir-O-Co interface,and simultaneously master the reconstruction effect to mitigate Ir dissolution,realizing the improved OER activity and stability in alkaline and acidic environments.As a result,Ir_(lat)@Co_(3)O_(4)with Ir loading of 3.67 wt%requires 294±4 mV/285±3 mV and 326±2 mV to deliver 10 mA cm^(-2)in alkaline(0.1 M KOH/1.0 M KOH)and acidic(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4))solution,respectively,with good stability.

关键词： Interface effect Reconstruction Ir dissolution Ir-O-Co Oxygen evolution reaction

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E2E-MFERC:AMulti-Face Expression Recognition Model for Group Emotion Assessment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1105-1135页

作者： lin Wang Juan Zhao Hu song Xiaolong Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security&Intelligent Processing Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210042China School of Network Security Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Limited Nanjing210000China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210042China

In smart classrooms, conducting multi-face expression recognition based on existing hardware devices to assessstudents’ group emotions can provide educators with more comprehensive and intuitive classroom effect analysis,thereby continuouslypromotingthe improvementof teaching quality.However,most existingmulti-face expressionrecognition methods adopt a multi-stage approach, with an overall complex process, poor real-time performance,and insufficient generalization ability. In addition, the existing facial expression datasets are mostly single faceimages, which are of low quality and lack specificity, also restricting the development of this research. This paperaims to propose an end-to-end high-performance multi-face expression recognition algorithm model suitable forsmart classrooms, construct a high-quality multi-face expression dataset to support algorithm research, and applythe model to group emotion assessment to expand its application value. To this end, we propose an end-to-endmulti-face expression recognition algorithm model for smart classrooms (E2E-MFERC). In order to provide highqualityand highly targeted data support for model research, we constructed a multi-face expression dataset inreal classrooms (MFED), containing 2,385 images and a total of 18,712 expression labels, collected from smartclassrooms. In constructing E2E-MFERC, by introducing Re-parameterization visual geometry group (RepVGG)block and symmetric positive definite convolution (SPD-Conv) modules to enhance representational capability;combined with the cross stage partial network fusion module optimized by attention mechanism (C2f_Attention),it strengthens the ability to extract key information;adopts asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) featurefusion tailored to classroomscenes and optimizes the head prediction output size;achieves high-performance endto-end multi-face expression detection. Finally, we apply the model to smart classroom group emotion assessmentand provide design references for classroom effect analysis evaluation

关键词： Multi-face expression recognition smart classroom end-to-end detection group emotion assessment

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Compressed Data Separation via ?q-Split Analysis with ?∞-Constraint

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第7期40卷 1655-1673页

作者： Ming Yang GU song LI Jun Hong lin School of Mathematical Science Zhejiang University Center for Data Science Zhejiang University

In this paper, we study compressed data separation（CDS） problem, i.e., sparse data separation from a few linear random measurements. We propose the nonconvex ?q-split analysis with ?∞-constraint and 0 < q ≤ 1. We call the algorithm ?q-split-analysis Dantzig selector（?q-split-analysis DS）. We show that the two distinct subcomponents that are approximately sparse in terms of two different dictionaries could be stably approximated via the ?q-split-analysis DS, provided that the measurement matrix satisfies either a classical D-RIP（Restricted Isometry Property with respect to Dictionaries and ?2norm） or a relatively new（D, q）-RIP（RIP with respect to Dictionaries and ?q-quasi norm） condition and the two different dictionaries satisfy a mutual coherence condition between them.For the Gaussian random measurements, the measurement number needed for the（D, q）-RIP condition is far less than those needed for the D-RIP condition and the（D, 1）-RIP condition when q is small enough.

关键词： Data separation ℓ q -split analysis Dantzig selector frames restricted isometry property compressed sensing 94A12 41A29 65T99 94A20

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Rheological Behaviors of Polymers with Nanoparticles Tethered at Each End

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 400-406,I0009页

作者： song-Qi Zhang Wen-Qing Wang Jia-Ping lin Li-Quan Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The polymer with nanoparticles tethered at each end is a unique model for unraveling the effect of chain ends on the polymer dynamics. We investigated the rheological behavior of this kind of polymer by using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of polymer lengths and nanoparticle radii on the complex moduli and viscosity was examined. The dependence of complex moduli on the frequency becomes less pronounced as the polymer is short or the nanoparticle is large. The shear thinning behavior was revealed for these systems, and the scaling exponent of complex viscosity with respect to the frequency was found to change from-1/2 to-3/4 as the polymer shortens or the nanoparticle enlarges. The rheological behavior was further explained by analyzing the mean square distance of nanoparticles. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental finding, showing an agreement. The work provides information for understanding the chain end effect on polymer rheology.

关键词： Polymer rheology Modulus Viscosity Molecular dynamics

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