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Comparison of models to predict air infiltration rate of buildings with different surrounding environments

Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 1007-1021页

作者： Shu Zheng Xiujiao Song lin duanmu Yu Xue Xudong Yang Department of Building Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua UniversityTaiyuan030032China

The air infiltration rate of buildings strongly influences indoor environment and energy *** this study,several traditional methods for determining the air infiltration rate were compared,and their accuracy in different scenarios was ***,a method combining computational flow dynamics(CFD)with the Swami and Chandra(S-C)model was developed to predict the influence of the surrounding environment on the air infiltration *** buildings in Dalian,China,were selected:one with a simple surrounding environment and the other with a complex surrounding environment;their air infiltration rates were *** test results were used to validate the accuracy of the air infiltration rate solution models in different urban *** the building with a simple environment,the difference between the simulation and experimental results was 0.86%–22.52%.For the building with a complex environment,this difference ranged from 17.42%to 159.28%.We found that most traditional models provide accurate results for buildings with simple surrounding and that the simulation results widely vary for buildings with complex *** results of the method of combining CFD with the S-C model were more accurate,and the relative error between the simulation and test results was 10.61%.The results indicate that the environment around the building should be fully considered when calculating the air infiltration *** results of this study can guide the application of methods of determining air infiltration rate.

关键词： air infiltration rate models CFD simulation building surrounding air infiltration rate test

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Measurement and analysis of airtightness safeguard measures for typical ultra-low energy buildings

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第3期5卷 348-363页

作者： Yongming Ji lin duanmu Songtao Hu School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdaoShandong Province 266033China School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning Province 116024China

Zero-energy buildings constitute an effective means of reducing urban carbon *** airtightness,a typical characteristic of zero-energy building,is closely related to the building’s air infiltration and has a signifi-cant impact on the performance of the building envelope,indoor air quality,building energy consumption,and efficient operation of air-conditioning ***,thus far,systematic developments in high-airtightness assurance technologies remain *** existing studies have tested the airtightness of buildings and typical building components;however,in-depth analyses into the formation of infiltration have not been ***-fore,for realizing zero-energy buildings,ensuring airtightness is an urgent problem that needs to be ***,in this study,based on several building airtightness measurement studies,the typical air leakage paths in buildings were summarized,and the causes of typical air leakage components in buildings were further analysed by tracing construction ***,targeted measures for airtightness in buildings were estab-lished and applied to practical ***,the resulting improved building airtightness was measured and the results show that the airtightness of the measured ultra-low energy consumption buildings ranges from 0.13 h^(−1)to 0.57 h^(−1),with a mean value of 0.32 h^(−1).The effectiveness of the airtightness safeguard measures was *** study serves as a basis for the assumption of the air leakage path distribution when simulating building air infiltration and also provides a design reference for improving the construction technologies and airtightness of buildings.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Airtightness Safeguard measures Ultra-low energy buildings

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Prediction model of air infiltration in single-zone buildings with high airtightness

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 653-668页

Air infiltration through building envelopes has a considerable impact on the comprehensive performance of build-ings,especially in terms of their energy demand and indoor air ***,it is important to accurately predict building air infiltration rates under various *** airtightness is one of the typical character-istics of passive ultra-low energy *** the rapid application of passive technology in building energy efficiency,the airtightness of new urban buildings has been significantly *** centralized air leakage path distribution assumption of current prediction model for building air infiltration rate is inconsistent with the actual situation of high airtightness buildings,which reduces its prediction accuracy and application ***,it is of great practical significance and academic value to carry out the research on the prediction model of air infiltration rate of buildings with high *** paper presents an air infiltration prediction model for single-zone buildings with adventitious *** building envelope was broken down into permeable parts and impermeable parts,and the air leakage path-ways were assumed to be uniformly and continuously distributed in the permeable envelope.A linear pressure distribution over the building facade was assumed,and the airflow rate was integrated in the vertical and hori-zontal planes to theoretically predict the air infiltration *** feasibility of the proposed model was tested by comparing the air infiltration rates simulated by this model with those determined using the tracer gas attenua-tion method of an airtight *** initial test results suggest that this model is mathematically robust and is capable of modeling the air infiltration of a building in a wide variety of *** agreement was found between the tested and simulated *** study can provide basic theoretical support for the coupling performance analysis of high air

关键词： Prediction model Air infiltration Airtightness Natural ventilation Modeling

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Study on the conversion coefficient between ACH_(50)and ACH in typical zones of public buildings

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第4期4卷 408-417页

The air infiltration of buildings is closely related to its indoor and outdoor environment and energy ***,measuring air infiltration of a building under natural conditions is time-consuming,easily affected and expensive,so it’s often inferred based on building airtightness in practical *** models can nevertheless make a rapid prediction without building parameters,which are widely applied in practical *** present,most of the existing empirical models take residential buildings as objects,therefore they are difficult to be applied to public ***,it is imperative to build an empirical model applicable to public *** this study,the conversion coefficients between the airtightness(air change rate under the pressure difference of 50Pa)and the air infiltration rates under natural conditions of four typical zones of public buildings were ***,the airtightness of four zones of public buildings in the cold region of China was ***,their air infiltration rates under 1800 combined conditions of wind pressure and stack effect pressure were simulated based on the airtightness measured ***,calculation and statistical analysis of the conversion coefficient were carried out based on the measured and simulated results,and the recommended value of conversion coefficient was *** results show that the CC of each zone is significantly affected by outdoor meteorological conditions and varies in a wide range(1#zone:3.21 to 188.44).It is advised to ignore the extreme data and take the mean value of the CC corresponding to 95%of the data volume as the recommended value(22.2).This study can provide theoretical basis for the formulation of standards for the performance evaluation of building airtightness.

关键词： Conversion coefficient Airtightness Air infiltration Energy Indoor air quality

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光伏建筑一体化外观评价方法与模型

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华中建筑 2024年第7期42卷 49-54页

作者：周创端木琳李祥立大连理工大学建设工程学院

光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)是实现建筑领域“碳中和”目标的切实可行途径之一,为了提高大众的接受度,近年来对BIPV外观的研究正逐渐开展,但对于光伏设计人员来说缺少适宜的外观评价体系,很难在实现BIPV的外观效果的前提下,对光伏系统进行设... 详细信息

光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)是实现建筑领域“碳中和”目标的切实可行途径之一,为了提高大众的接受度,近年来对BIPV外观的研究正逐渐开展,但对于光伏设计人员来说缺少适宜的外观评价体系,很难在实现BIPV的外观效果的前提下,对光伏系统进行设计优化。该文对国内外的研究进行了概述,分析了光伏建筑外观和其影响因素之间的联系,基于层次分析法建立了包含建筑形体、建筑色彩、可见性和光伏组件4种指标的BIPV外观评价模型,并将模型应用到既有光伏建筑中,期望在今后的研究中可以在该模型的基础上最大限度地优化光伏系统。

关键词：光伏建筑一体化外观评价影响因素层次分析法评价模型

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Evaluation and comparison of various fast fluid dynamics modeling methods for predicting airflow around buildings

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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 1083-1095页

作者： Shu Zheng Zhiqiang John Zhai Yi Wang Yu Xue lin duanmu Wei Liu School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO80309USA Research Applications Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-10044StockholmSweden

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods are being increasingly used for predicting airflow fields around buildings,but personal computers can still take tens of hours to create a single design using traditional computing *** both accuracy and efficiency,this study compared the performances of the conventional algorithm PIMPLE,fast fluid dynamics(FFD),semi-Lagrangian PISO(SLPISO),and implicit fast fluid dynamics(IFFD)in OpenFOAM for simulating wind flow around *** effects of calculation parameters,including grid resolution,discrete-time step,and calculation time for these methods are *** results of the simulations are compared with wind tunnel *** is found that IFFD and FFD have the fastest calculation speeds,but also have the largest discrepancies with test *** PIMPLE algorithm has the highest accuracy,but with the slowest calculation *** calculation speeds of the FFD,SLPISO,and IFFD models are 6.3,3 and 13.3 times faster than the PIMPLE model,*** calculation accuracy and speed of the SLPISO model are in between those of the IFFD,FFD and PIMPLE *** appropriate algorithm for a project may be chosen based on the requirements of the project.

关键词： fast fluid dynamics calculation parameters calculation accuracy calculation efficiency

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双流体型光伏光热屋顶组件的热、电性能实验研究

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东北电力大学学报 2024年第1期44卷 94-100页

作者：张雁峰端木琳周创李祥立大连理工大学建筑工程学部辽宁大连116024

文中提出一种无盖板的双流体型光伏光热屋顶组件,通过将管板式水冷流道与折流板式空冷流道组合,降低组件水容量、提升空气出口温度,实现组件热水、热空气两种热能形式的供应。通过搭建具有稳定测试环境的性能测试试验台,研究组件工质进... 详细信息

文中提出一种无盖板的双流体型光伏光热屋顶组件,通过将管板式水冷流道与折流板式空冷流道组合,降低组件水容量、提升空气出口温度,实现组件热水、热空气两种热能形式的供应。通过搭建具有稳定测试环境的性能测试试验台,研究组件工质进出口温差、光伏电池温度等随太阳辐照度、工质流量的变化情况,对组件全天热、电性能进行分析。结果表明,该组件光伏电池冷却效果明显,水冷、空冷模式下电效率最高可达16.8%、17.6%,拥有较高的全天综合性能,全天综合利用率最高为74%。

关键词：太阳能光伏光热一体化光热性能光电性能

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Research on air infiltration predictive models for residential building at different pressure

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 737-748页

作者： Xiangli Li Wenqian Zhou lin duanmu School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyLiaoning 116024China

The pressure difference in buildings under natural state is usually below 10 Pa,and the air change rate at 50 Pa(ACHso)is often used to evaluate building *** is a dearth of research on air infiltration predictive model at different pressures in ***,the airflow coefficient(C),a key parameter for air infiltration,is necessary to determine *** on prior experimental data,several methods including ordinary least squares(OLS),stepwise regression,partial least squares(PLS)and nonlinear fitting with independent variable screening methods,were employed to establish an airflow coefficient *** determination coefficient(ft2)and the variation coefficient of the root-mean-square error(CV(RMSE))of these models were *** simulation results show that ft2 of the airflow coefficient models for apartments and villas increased by a maximum of 25.9%and 2.3%,respectively,using PLS *** improvement with nonlinear fitting was *** on K-P model,a conversion model between ACHso and ACH4 was developed as an air infiltration predictive model under natural *** door and tracer gas tests were conducted to verify the conversion *** expected error was approximately 10%,which may be caused by measurement errors and shielding from surrounding *** studies need to focus on obtaining more experimental data for building airtightness and developing a conversion model for high-rise residential buildings.

关键词： air infiltration airflow coefficient regression analysis blower door test tracer gas test

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典型海水温度年计算方法及其应用(续)

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制冷学报 2022年第6期43卷 18-24页

作者：端木琳贾欣马伟强王芸大连理工大学土木工程学院大连116024 大连大学建筑工程学院大连116622

海水温度对利用海洋能的新能源系统(如海水源热泵系统、以海水为冷却介质的发电系统等)的设计和运行起着重要作用。本文通过统计2005—2021年黄海、渤海近海海域海水温度数据,分别计算得出黄海和渤海的典型海水温度年,并分别获得黄海和... 详细信息

海水温度对利用海洋能的新能源系统(如海水源热泵系统、以海水为冷却介质的发电系统等)的设计和运行起着重要作用。本文通过统计2005—2021年黄海、渤海近海海域海水温度数据,分别计算得出黄海和渤海的典型海水温度年,并分别获得黄海和渤海近海典型年逐日海水温度表达式,能够为海洋能新能源系统的设计和科研提供更为合理的基础数据。通过对比本文计算得到的2021年黄海典型年与2014年黄海典型年海水温度发现,黄海海水温度值增加,月平均温度最高增加0.98℃。同时得到黄海海水极端最高温度为26.2℃;海水极端最低温度为-0.4℃。渤海海水极端最高温度为28.6℃;海水极端最低温度为-1.8℃。与渤海相比,黄海海域海水夏季温度更低,冬季温度更高,更适合作为海水源热泵的低位热源。

关键词：典型年海水温度海水源热泵海洋能

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独立双埋管太阳能辅助土壤源热泵系统模型建立与影响因素分析

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制冷学报 2022年第3期43卷 121-132页

作者：王芸端木琳李祥立仝仓大连理工大学建筑工程学部大连116024

太阳能辅助土壤源热泵复合系统是严寒寒冷地区实施清洁供能的重要手段之一。在该系统中,太阳能集/蓄热系统与土壤源热泵系统有不同的连接方式和运行模式,太阳能系统的运行时间直接影响土壤的热恢复程度。本文基于TRNSYS平台建立了可全... 详细信息

太阳能辅助土壤源热泵复合系统是严寒寒冷地区实施清洁供能的重要手段之一。在该系统中,太阳能集/蓄热系统与土壤源热泵系统有不同的连接方式和运行模式,太阳能系统的运行时间直接影响土壤的热恢复程度。本文基于TRNSYS平台建立了可全年进行蓄热的太阳能辅助土壤源热泵复合系统,提出了独立双埋管土壤蓄热器模拟计算方法,并与现场测试数据进行了对比验证。基于大连市公共建筑实际工程,通过正交试验设计及TRNSYS模拟全面研究了系统运行参数,得到对系统运行能耗与土壤温度变化率有重要影响的运行参数并分析了其影响规律。结果表明:系统运行能耗与冬季热泵供水温度、负荷侧水流量、土壤侧水流量均呈正相关,与夏季热泵供水温度呈负相关;当累计供热供冷量比为1.31时,系统运行能耗与蓄热启动温度呈负相关;当累计供热供冷量比为2.32时,与蓄热启动温度为正相关;当累计供热供冷量比为1.77时且蓄热启动温度为35℃时,系统运行能耗最低。土壤温度变化率与蓄热启动温度呈负相关。应根据系统累计供热供冷量比来相应调节太阳能系统运行时间和运行参数。

关键词：太阳能土壤源热泵 TRNSYS 模型建立影响因素

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