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Relationships between Landslide Types and Topographic Attributes in a Loess Catchment,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第6期9卷 742-751页

作者： ZHANG Fanyu CHEN Wenwu LIU Gao liang shouyun KANG Chao HE Faguo Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China(Ministry of Education of China) and Department of Geological EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2W2Canada

Topographic attributes have been identified as the most important factor in controlling the initiation and distribution of shallow landslides triggered by *** a result,these landslides influence the evolution of local surface *** this research,an area of 2.6 km 2 loess catchment in the Huachi County was selected as the study area locating in the Chinese Loess *** landslides inventory and landslide types were mapped using global position system(GPS) and field *** landslide inventory shows that these shallow landslides involve different movement types including slide,creep and ***,main topographic attributes were generated based on a high resolution digital terrain model(5 m × 5 m),including aspect,slope shape,elevation,slope angle and contributing *** maps were overlaid with the spatial distributions of total landslides and each type of landslides in a geographic information system(GIS),respectively,to assess their spatial frequency distributions and relative failure potentials related to these selected topographic *** spatial analysis results revealed that there is a close relation between the topographic attributes of the postlandsliding local surface and the types of landslide ***,the types of landslide movement have some obvious differences in local topographic attributes,which can influence the relative failure potential of different types of *** results have practical significance to mitigate natural hazard and understandgeomorphologic process in thick loess area.

关键词： Shallow landslides Movement types Topographic attributes Loess catchment GIS

Iron Speciation of Mud Breccia from the Dushanzi Mud Volcano in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,NW China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2201-2213页

作者： XU Wang ZHENG Guodong MA Xiangxian Danielle FORTIN David R.HILTON liang shouyun CHEN Zhi HU Guoyi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Ottawa25 Templeton St.OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0244USA Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China(Lanzhou University) Ministry of EducationLanzhou 730000China CEA Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction(Institute of Earthquake Forecasting) China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

Organic-inorganic interactions occurring in petroleum-related mud volcanoes can help predict the chemical processes that are responsible for methane emissions to the atmosphere. Seven samples of mud breccia directly ejected from one crater were collected in the Dushanzi mud volcano, along with one argillite sample of the original reddish host rocks distal from the crater, for comparison purposes. The mineral and chemical compositions as well as iron species of all samples were determined using XRD, XRF and M?ssbauer spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicate that a series of marked reactions occurred in the mud volcano systems, more specifically in the mud breccia when compared to the original rocks. Changes mainly included:(1) some conversion of clay minerals from smectite into chlorite and illite, and the precipitation of secondary carbonate minerals such as calcite and siderite;(2) silicon depletion and significant elemental enrichment of iron, manganese, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus; and(3) transformation of iron from ferric species in hematite and smectite into ferrous species in siderite, chlorite and illite. These geochemical reactions likely induced the color changes of the original reddish Neogene argillite to the gray or black mud breccia, as a result of reduction of elements and/or alteration of minerals associated with the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Our results also suggest that greenhouse gases emitted from the mud volcanoes are lowered through a series of methane oxidation reactions and carbon fixation(i.e., through carbonate precipitation).

关键词： mud volcano mud breccias iron species organic-inorganic interactions greenhouse gas

Human-induced landslide on a high cut slope: a case of repeated failures due to multi-excavation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2012年第4期4卷 367-374页

作者： Fanyu Zhang Gao Liu Wenwu Chen shouyun liang Ransheng Chen Wenfeng Han Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China Ministry of Education Department of Geological Engineering School of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou University Department of Civil Engineering Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction

The paper attempts to represent a case of repeated failures on a high cut slope due to multi-excavation. The characteristics of each failure induced by excavation are analyzed through geological investigation, and then a geological model at different failure stages is proposed. The geological analysis shows that the excavation-induced repeated failures are related to the exposure of the weak bedding plane and the toe unloading of the cut slope, Numerical modeling is conducted based on a sequential method, taking into account the main failure stages of cut slope. The simulation results fairly coincide with the practical phenomena observed in field. It is shown that the decrease in normal stress of displaced mass on cut slope will induce the increase in shear stress in bedding planes and that at the toe of the cut slope. The released stress leads to repeated gravitational instabilities of cut slope due to the decrease in normal stress and the increase in shear stress along the bedding planes of mudstone.

关键词： landslide repeated failures multi-excavation instability of cut slope human activity

Geochemical characteristics of absorbed gases in fault gouge from the Daliushu dam area,NW China

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Geochemical characteristics of absorbed gases in fault gouge...

Gas emission from the Qingzhu River after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,Southwest China

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）学术年会

作者： XIANGXIAN MA GUODONG ZHENG shouyun liang WANG XU Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources ResearchInstitute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China (Lanzhou University) Ministry of Education Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A total of eleven fault gouge samples were collected from the Daliushu Dam area in the Zhongwei-Tongxin Fault Zone(ZTFZ) and analyzed for the absorbed gas *** concentration of absorbed gas was between 0.04 and 1.65cm STP/g,and the chemicals were determined as mainly CO,N,H,Ar,and a few hydrocarbon *** ratios of N and Ar suggest the presence of water in the fault zone,leading to water-rock interaction and lower N/Ar *** and H showed some signatures implying abiogenic origin,with relatively high dCCO(–1.7‰ to 0.95‰) and H being positively correlated to CO(r = 0.83).We speculate that the CO and H are correlated to lithic origins in the fault zone,carbonate and silicate,*** the other hand,CH4 did show a biogenic signature,with low dC(–44.2‰ to–45.6‰).The variation trends among the absorbed gases in the fault profile show that the gas concentration is mainly related to the fault zone structure,petrology of the fault material,and *** total amounts of absorbed gases including H,CO,and Ar observed were higher at site F201 than those at site F3,and since the F201 site is known to be much more active than F3,we propose that CO,H,and Ar could be useful indicators of fault activity.

关键词： fault gouge absorbed gas geochemical characteristics fault activity

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Gas emission from the Qingzhu River after the 2008 Wenchuan ...

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2013年度（第13届）学术年会

作者： Guodong Zheng Sheng Xu shouyun liang Pilong Shi Jun Zhao Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research Institute of Geology and GeophysicsCAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsCAS Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre University of Glasgow East Kilbride School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Lanzhou University Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth CAS

Four gas and six water samples were collected from the Qingzhu River in Qjngchuan County,one of the regions affected by the 2008 Ms8.0 giant Wenchuan *** were discharged soon after the earthquake, but such emissions ceased in October *** predominant gases are CH,CO,N and *** N, O and noble gases are of atmospheric *** contrast,the H and CO have typical biogenic signatures, with high C/(C+C),;δC(-56.1 to-56.6%.);δD(-328 to-345‰.);andδC(-6.7 to—4.9‰).These measurements indicate that the gases are discharged from a shallow reservoir through faults or fractures caused by the *** discharging gases are significantly distinct from the natural gas fields nearby,suggesting that there are no direct pathways,such as faults or fractures,between the surface and the natural gas reservoir.

关键词： Gas emission Chemical and isotopic compositions The Qingzhu River Wenchuan Earthquake

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基于GIS的斜坡单元划分方法改进与实现

地理科学 2017年第11期37卷 1764-1770页

作者：颜阁梁收运赵红亮西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室/兰州大学土木工程与力学学院地质工程系甘肃兰州730000

斜坡单元已广泛应用于滑坡易发性制图和地质灾害评价。然而在山间盆地或大型宽谷处,常规方法划分出的斜坡单元与地貌背景难以匹配。依据高程及其衍生变量的基本形态系统和曲率的流域分割原理,基于ArcGIS技术,通过叠加曲率和反转曲率的... 详细信息

斜坡单元已广泛应用于滑坡易发性制图和地质灾害评价。然而在山间盆地或大型宽谷处,常规方法划分出的斜坡单元与地貌背景难以匹配。依据高程及其衍生变量的基本形态系统和曲率的流域分割原理,基于ArcGIS技术,通过叠加曲率和反转曲率的流域边界,改进了斜坡单元划分方法。结果表明:与常规方法相比,改进方法不仅能够使用山脊线和山谷线以划分斜坡单元,还能利用台地边界和宽谷边界以分割水平地表与倾斜地表;划分出的单元大小相对均匀,单元形状总体介于圆形和正三角形之间。对于水平成分较多的地区,如黄土塬区和水库库区,该方法与传统方法相比,具有较好的应用前景。

关键词：斜坡单元划分方法平均曲率流域分割 ArcGIS

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滑带土的研究进展

地球科学进展 2010年第5期25卷 484-491页

作者：李晓梁收运郑国东西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室兰州大学甘肃兰州730000 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所油气资源研究重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

滑带土是滑坡的重要组成部分,与滑坡的发展演化和稳定性密切相关。开展滑带土的研究是滑坡工程地质研究的基础内容,并已逐渐成为该领域的研究热点。目前有关滑带土的研究成果主要集中在滑带土物理力学性质方面,而针对滑带土强度的控制... 详细信息

滑带土是滑坡的重要组成部分,与滑坡的发展演化和稳定性密切相关。开展滑带土的研究是滑坡工程地质研究的基础内容,并已逐渐成为该领域的研究热点。目前有关滑带土的研究成果主要集中在滑带土物理力学性质方面,而针对滑带土强度的控制因素和机理研究还比较欠缺。在简要总结了滑带的识别、滑带土分类和强度特性等研究现状的基础上,着重从滑带土微观结构、矿物成分、地球化学特征和形成机理等,及其对滑带土强度特性的影响进行了综述与分析。研究结果认为:除了滑带的识别、滑带土的分类及其强度特征的研究需要进一步加强外,应不断拓宽滑带土的研究领域,深化对滑带土强度本质因素认识;应重视滑带土微观结构在不同条件下的变化规律、粘土矿物成分、元素地球化学特征、微生物、水—岩(土)相互作用、渗透性以及水化学等综合作用对滑带土强度影响的研究;从发展演化的活动论观点系统研究滑带土的形成过程,探索滑带土中所蕴含的滑坡发展演化与环境变化的信息。

关键词：滑带土微观结构矿物成分地球化学形成机理

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泥石流类型与地貌分形特征的关系研究

工程地质学报 2010年第5期18卷 664-668页

作者：张妮梁收运钟秀梅西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室(兰州大学) 兰州730000

泥石流是一种频繁发生且危害性很大的自然灾害。作为中国泥石流灾害重灾区之一的陇南地区,泥石流不仅严重阻碍G212线的正常运营,也严重影响沿线地区的经济发展和人民生活。通过对G212线陇南段232条泥石流沟的调查资料分不同属性、不同... 详细信息

泥石流是一种频繁发生且危害性很大的自然灾害。作为中国泥石流灾害重灾区之一的陇南地区,泥石流不仅严重阻碍G212线的正常运营,也严重影响沿线地区的经济发展和人民生活。通过对G212线陇南段232条泥石流沟的调查资料分不同属性、不同发展阶段和不同危害程度进行统计,结合分形理论,分析了泥石流沟道数与地貌要素的定量关系。结果表明:地貌形态要素对泥石流的属性、发展阶段和危害程度等不同类型泥石流的影响程度不同;综合分维值、形成区形态参数和地形坡度等参数都在一定程度上定量反映了不同类型泥石流的特征。

关键词： G212线陇南段泥石流类型分形特征

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线路与断裂走向交角对青藏铁路路基的影响

西南交通大学学报 2010年第3期45卷 336-340,350页

作者：袁炳祥谌文武梁收运韩文峰李金城西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室甘肃兰州730000 兰州大学土木工程与力学学院甘肃兰州730000 天津城市建设学院土木工程系天津300384 铁道第一勘察设计院陕西西安710043

为探讨线路与断裂走向交角对青藏铁路路基的影响,统计了青藏铁路与154条断裂相交的角度,用软件Arcgis中的反距离加权插值法（IDW）和有限元分析软件ANSYS,对线路与活动断裂的相交进行了模拟.根据IDW的模拟结果,0°～40°相交时,断裂影... 详细信息

为探讨线路与断裂走向交角对青藏铁路路基的影响,统计了青藏铁路与154条断裂相交的角度,用软件Arcgis中的反距离加权插值法（IDW）和有限元分析软件ANSYS,对线路与活动断裂的相交进行了模拟.根据IDW的模拟结果,0°～40°相交时,断裂影响系数多在0.5以上,均值较大;而50°～90°相交时,影响系数分布较均匀,均值较小.ANSYS的模拟结果显示：0°～40°相交时,交角对路基相对位移均值的影响较大;而50°～90°相交时,交角对路基相对位移均值的影响较小.研究结果表明,断裂分布较多的地区,铁路选线时应尽量使线路与断裂走向相交的角度大于40,°以减小断裂对路基的危害.

关键词：青藏铁路活动断裂相交角度反距离加权插值法模拟分析