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Impacts of major volcanic eruptions over the past two millennia on both global and Chinese climates:A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 61-78页

作者： Weiyi SUN Deliang CHEN Guonian lÜ liang NING Chaochao GAO Renhe ZHANG Bin WANG Jian lIU Key laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and ApplicationSchool of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200437China Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Atmosphere-Ocean Research Center University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96825USA Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for Numerical Simulation of large Scale Complex Systems School of Mathematical ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Open Studio for the Simulation of Ocean-Climate-Isotope Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Major volcanic eruptions(MVEs)have attracted increasing attention from the scientific *** studies have explored the climatic impact of MVEs over the past two ***,proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations indicate divergent responses of global and China’s regional climates to ***,we used multiple data from observations,reconstructions,simulations,and assimilations to summarize the historical facts of MVEs,the characteristics and mechanisms of their climatic impact,and directions for future *** reviewed volcanic datasets and determined intensive MVE periods;these periods corresponded to the years 530–700,1200‒1460,and 1600‒1840 *** tropical MVEs,a substantial cooling effect is observed throughout the globe and China on the interannual-interdecadal time scales but an inconsistent cooling magnitude is detected between reconstructions and *** the first summer after tropical MVEs,a decrease in global and monsoonal precipitation is *** reconstructions and simulations,an increased precipitation is seen for the Yangtze River Basin,while large uncertainties in precipitation changes are present for other regions of *** drought can be induced by frequent eruptions and volcanism superimposed on low solar irradiation and internal *** affect climate directly through the radiative effect and indirectly by modulating internal variability,such as the El Niño‒Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO).However,changes in the phase,amplitude,and periodicity of ENSO and AMO after MVEs and the associated mechanisms remain controversial,which could account for model-reconstruction ***,other internal variability,uncertainties in reconstruction methods and aerosol‒climate models,and climate background may also induce model-reconstruction *** gaps and directions for future research are also discussed.

关键词： Major volcanic eruption Climate variability Mechanism Past two millennia Internal variability

linking evolutionary mode to palaeoclimate change reveals rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 435-444页

作者： liang lU Chen-Yang CAI Xi ZHANG Alfred FNewton Margaret K.Thayer Hong-Zhang ZHou Key laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences1 Beichen West RdChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China College of life Science Hebei Normal UniversityNo.20 Road East 2nd Ring SouthYuhua DistrictShijiazhuangHebei 050024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19AYuquan RdShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China Key laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontologyand Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Earth Sciences University of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristol BS81TQUK department of Parasitology Medical CollegeZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIL 60605USA Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Staphylinoidea(Insecta:Coleoptera)is one of the most species-rich groups in animals,but its huge diversity can hardly be explained by the popular hypothesis(co-radiation with angiosperms)that applies to phytophagous *** estimated the evolutionary mode of staphylinoid beetles and investigated the relationship between the evolutionary mode and palaeoclimate change,and thus the factors underlying the current biodiversity pattern of staphylinoid *** results demonstrate that staphylinoid beetles originated at around the Triassic-Jurassic bound and the current higher level clades underwent rapid evolution(indicated by increased diversification rate and decreased body size disparity)in the Jurassic and in the Cenozoic,both with low-energy climate,and they evolved much slower during the Cretaceous with high-energy *** factors,especially low 02 and high C02,promoted the diversification rate and among-clade body size disparification in the *** the Cenozoic,however,climate factors had negative associations with diversification rate but little with body size *** present study does not support the explosion of staphylinoid beetles as a direct outcome of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution(KTR).We suppose that occupying and diversifying in refuge niches associated with litter may elucidate rapid radiations of staphylinoid beetles in low-energy conditions.

关键词： evolutionary diversification low-energy conditions palaeoclimate change rapid radiation Staphylinoidea

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脑-肠-三焦轴体系建立发微

时珍国医国药 2024年第3期35卷 698-700页

作者：梁绿圆党伟利郭智丹苏洁欣任翎嘉曹佳蕾代翔宇魏炳琦马丙祥河南中医药大学河南郑州1450046 河南中医药大学第一附属医院河南郑州450099

“三焦”理论在中医学发展中不断更新和完善,发展至如今上中下纵行三焦部位辨证体系,以及“横向三焦”“顶焦”等新概念。作者发现,从结构、功能来看三焦体系与现代医学中“菌群-肠-脑轴”十分相似。文章以“神经-体液”为媒介,融合传... 详细信息

“三焦”理论在中医学发展中不断更新和完善,发展至如今上中下纵行三焦部位辨证体系,以及“横向三焦”“顶焦”等新概念。作者发现,从结构、功能来看三焦体系与现代医学中“菌群-肠-脑轴”十分相似。文章以“神经-体液”为媒介,融合传统三焦、横向三焦、顶焦与肠-脑轴,建立脑-肠-三焦轴体系,从空间维度拓充三焦理论,为临床诊疗神经疾患提供新思路。

关键词：脑-肠-三焦轴肠道菌群三焦气化神经

基于飞秒激光微加工的温度补偿型高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器的实验教学研究

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大学物理实验 2024年第4期37卷 58-62页

作者：李宏韬刘雨轩王伟胜戴娇研吕亮孙火姣安徽大学物理与光电工程学院安徽合肥230601 皖西学院电气与光电工程学院安徽六安237012

在传统的大学物理实验教学中,长周期光纤光栅的折射率灵敏度较低且温度灵敏度通常为正值,与布拉格光纤光栅相结合不能很好地实现温度串扰的消除。因此,我们利用飞秒激光直写技术制备出一种微纳光纤布拉格光栅(mFBG)与微纳小长周期光纤光... 详细信息

在传统的大学物理实验教学中,长周期光纤光栅的折射率灵敏度较低且温度灵敏度通常为正值,与布拉格光纤光栅相结合不能很好地实现温度串扰的消除。因此,我们利用飞秒激光直写技术制备出一种微纳光纤布拉格光栅(mFBG)与微纳小长周期光纤光栅(SP-mFlPG)级联的温度补偿高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器。这种传感器体积小巧、稳定性高,折射率灵敏度高达759.02 nm/RIU,同时具备温度补偿特性等优势。对于本次传感器的制备实验教学,有助于本科基础教学授课,为创新性教学实验带来更多可能性,学生将参与微纳光纤器件的制作与测试实验,这将有助于他们提升动手能力、专注力以及科研素养。更重要的是,学生们能够涉足创新性的光纤结构设计领域,从而激发其对新型光纤器件和传感应用的兴趣,为其未来学习和深造奠定坚实的基础。

关键词：微纳小长周期光纤光栅微纳布拉格光纤光栅飞秒激光直写技术温度补偿

Nest decoration:Black feathers prevent Crested Mynas from nest usurpation

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 292-297页

作者： Jinmei liu Wei liang Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Nests are important structures for birds to raise their offspring and for *** birds incorporate feathers into the nest,since feathers were traditionally thought to serve the function of *** in recent years have considered that some birds place feathers in conspicuous locations in the nest for decoration to trigger a fear response in the *** this study,we investigated whether decorative feathers could deter nest usurpation by Crested Mynas(Acridotheres cristatellus)by manipulating nest box *** results revealed that Crested Mynas preferred black feathers to white feathers as decorations and occupied nest boxes decorated with black feathers significantly less than those decorated with white feathers,suggesting that black decorative feathers in the nest could be more effective in preventing nest usurpation by Crested Mynas and that white decorative feathers may have other *** black feathers in the nest are prominently placed at the edge of the nest to convey the message that“this nest is occupied”or“the owner of this nest has been preyed upon”to visitor Crested Mynas,thus effectively preventing them from usurping the nest at a later stage.

关键词： Extended phenotype Feathers Nest decoration Nest usurpation

AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever for measuring the ultra-low coefficient of friction of 10^(–6)

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Friction 2024年第8期12卷 1707-1715,F0004页

作者： Yushan CHEN liang JIANG linmao QIAN Tribology Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Traction PowerSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Accurately measuring the coefficient of friction(COF)is the fundamental prerequisite of superlubricity *** study aimed to reduce the COF measurement resolutionΔμof atomic force microscopy(AFM).Based on the theoretical model,a distinctive strategy was adopted to reduceΔμby optimizing the cantilever’s cross-section of the AFM probe,inspired by civil engineering.Δμcan be reduced by decreasing the width of the horizontal side wR and the wall thickness t and increasing the width of the vertical side ***,the I-shape demonstrates the highest reduction inΔμ,followed by the *** the processability,the AFM probe with the U-shaped cross-sectional cantilever was investigated further,and the dimensions are 35μm wR,3.5μm wH,0.5μm t,50μm l(cantilever length),and 23μm htip(tip height).The finite element analysis results confirm its *** being fabricated and calibrated,the AFM probe achieves the minimalΔμof 1.9×10^(–6)under the maximum normal force so ***,the friction detection capability of the fabricated AFM probe improves by 78 times compared to the commercial tipless-force modulation mode(Tl-FM)AFM probe with the conventional solid rectangular cross-sectional *** study provides a powerful tool for measuring 10^(–6)COF.

关键词： atomic force microscopy superlubricity coefficient of friction probe cantilever

Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 374-378页

作者： Kui Yan Wei liang Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic *** can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host ***,there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision *** this study,we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in *** showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs(moderate mimetic to their own eggs)and blue model eggs(highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum)than red model eggs(highly nonmimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum).There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows,and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg *** results are consistent with the single rejection threshold *** study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows,opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts.

关键词： Barn Swallow Egg color Hirundo rustica Multiple rejection threshold Single rejection threshold Visual recognition system

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意识形态的时代性价值及其塑造

理论前沿 2007年第17期506卷 22-24页

作者：吕良吉林通化师范学院政法系

意识形态对中国具有高度关切度,必须极其重视意识形态的时代性价值。其塑造的逻辑机理:测度和梳理传统文化资源,升华和弘扬民族文化主义,整合时代性意识形态;寻觅和搜寻意识形态历史轨迹,借鉴和汲取国际经验教训,打造时代性意识形态;理... 详细信息

意识形态对中国具有高度关切度,必须极其重视意识形态的时代性价值。其塑造的逻辑机理:测度和梳理传统文化资源,升华和弘扬民族文化主义,整合时代性意识形态;寻觅和搜寻意识形态历史轨迹,借鉴和汲取国际经验教训,打造时代性意识形态;理性正视和积极参与全球化,统帅时代性意识形态。

关键词：意识形态时代性价值塑造

Divalent anion intercalation and etching-hydrolysis strategies to construct ultra-stable electrodes for seawater splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 687-695页

作者： Jiajia lu Yang liu Han-Pu liang Key laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China Henan Provincial Key laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications Institute of Nano-Structured Functional MaterialsHuanghe Science and Technology CollegeZhengzhou450006China School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang453007China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao266101China

Developing stable electrodes for seawater splitting remains a great challenge due to the detachment of catalysts at a large operating current and severe anode corrosion caused by ***,divalent anion intercalation and etching-hydrolysis strategies are deployed to synthesize the ultra-stable anode,dendritic Fe(OH)_(3) grown on Ni(SO_4)_(0.3)(OH)_(1.4)–Ni(OH)_(2).Experimental results reveal that the anode exhibits good activity and excellent stability in alkaline simulated *** 500 h,the current density operated at 1.72 V remains 99.5%,about 210 m A cm^(-2).The outstanding stability originates from the etchinghydrolysis strategy,which strengthens the interaction between the catalyst and the carrier and retards thus the detachment of catalysts at a large current ***,theoretical simulations confirm that the intercalated divalent anions,such as SO_4^(2-) and CO_(3)^(2-),can weaken the adsorption strength of chlorine on the surface of catalysts and hinder the coupling and hybridization between chlorine and nickel,which slows down the anode corrosion and improves catalytic ***,the twoelectrode system shows the remarkable 95.1% energy efficiency at 2,000 A m-2and outstanding stability in 6 mol l^(-1) KOH +seawater at 80 ℃.

关键词： seawater splitting stability divalent anion intercalation etching-hydrolysis