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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer liang jie wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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Electron-beam-driven anomalous Doppler effects in Smith–Purcell radiation

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-84页

作者： XIAOQIUYAN ZHANG TIANYU ZHANG ZHUOCHENG ZHANG XINGXING XU DIWEI LIU ZHAOYUN DUAN YANYU WEI YUBIN GONG liang jie wong MIN HU Terahertz Research Center School of Electronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Key Laboratory of Terahertz Technology Ministry of EducationChengdu 610054China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

The interaction between electrons and matter is an effective means of light emission,through mechanisms including Cherenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell radiation(SPR).In this study,we show that the superlight inverse Doppler effects can be realized in reverse Smith–Purcell radiation excited by a free electron beam with a homogeneous *** particular,we find that two types of anomalous SPR exist in the homogenous substrate:special SPR and reverse *** results reveal that the electron velocity can be tuned to simultaneously excite different combinations of normal SPR,special SPR,and reverse *** proposed manifold light radiation mechanism can offer greater versatility in controlling and shaping SPR.

关键词： anomalous beam Electron

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Surface Dyakonov-Cherenkov radiation

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 24-31页

作者： Hao Hu Xiao Lin liang jie wong Qianru Yang Dongjue Liu Baile Zhang Yu Luo School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU‑Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU‑UIUC InstituteZhejiang UniversityHaining 314400China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore 637371Singapore UMI 3288 CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALESNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637553Singapore.

Recent advances in engineered material technologies(e.g.,photonic crystals,metamaterials,plasmonics,etc.)provide valuable tools to control Cherenkov *** all these approaches,however,the particle velocity is a key parameter to affect Cherenkov radiation in the designed material,while the influence of the particle trajectory is generally ***,we report on surface Dyakonov-Cherenkov radiation,*** emission of directional Dyakonov surface waves from a swift charged particle moving atop a birefringent *** new type of Cherenkov radiation is highly susceptible to both the particle velocity and trajectory,*** observe a sharp radiation enhancement when the particle trajectory falls in the vicinity of a particular ***,close to the Cherenkov threshold,such a radiation enhancement can be orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in traditional Cherenkov *** distinct properties allow us to determine simultaneously the magnitude and direction of particle velocities on a compact *** surface Dyakonov-Cherenkov radiation studied in this work not only adds a new degree of freedom for particle identification,but also provides an all-dielectric route to construct compact Cherenkov detectors with enhanced sensitivity.

关键词： Cherenkov radiation Dyakonov surface wave Particle detector

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A visual modeling method for spatiotemporal and multidimensional features in epidemiological analysis:Applied COVID-19 aggregated datasets

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第1期10卷 161-186页

作者： Yu Dong Christy jie liang Yi Chen jie Hua School of Computer Science University of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2007Australia Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China

The visual modeling method enables flexible interactions with rich graphical depictions of data and supports the exploration of the complexities of epidemiological ***,most epidemiology visualizations do not support the combined analysis of objective factors that might influence the transmission situation,resulting in a lack of quantitative and qualitative *** address this issue,we developed a portrait-based visual modeling method called+*** method considers the spatiotemporal features of virus transmission patterns and multidimensional features of objective risk factors in communities,enabling portrait-based exploration and comparison in epidemiological *** applied+msRNAer to aggregate COVID-19-related datasets in New South Wales,Australia,combining COVID-19 case number trends,geo-information,intervention events,and expert-supervised risk factors extracted from local government area-based *** perfected the+msRNAer workflow with collaborative views and evaluated its feasibility,effectiveness,and usefulness through one user study and three subject-driven case *** feedback from experts indicates that+msRNAer provides a general understanding for analyzing comprehension that not only compares relationships between cases in time-varying and risk factors through portraits but also supports navigation in fundamental geographical,timeline,and other factor *** adopting interactions,experts discovered functional and practical implications for potential patterns of long-standing community factors regarding the vulnerability faced by the *** confirmed that+msRNAer is expected to deliver visual modeling benefits with spatiotemporal and multidimensional features in other epidemiological analysis scenarios.

关键词： visual modeling epidemiological analysis spatiotemporal multidimensional COVID-19

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Supramolecular Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 491-509页

作者： Huan liang Qingqing Lu jie Yang Guocan Yu College of Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037P.R.China Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry&Chemical Biology Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084P.R.China

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous successful clinical results and obtained historic victories in tumor ***,great limitations associated with feeble immune responses and serious adverse effects still cannot be neglected due to the complicated multifactorial etiology and pathologic microenvironment in *** rapid development of nanomedical science and material science has facilitated the advanced progress of engineering biomaterials to tackle critical *** supramolecular biomaterials with flexible and modular structures have exhibited unparalleled advantages of high cargo-loading efficiency,excellent biocompatibility,and diversiform immunomodulatory activity,thereby providing a powerful weapon for cancer *** past decades,supramolecular biomaterials were extensively explored as versatile delivery platforms for immunotherapeutic agents or designed to interact with the key moleculars in immune system in a precise and controllable *** this review,we focused on the crucial role of supramolecular biomaterials in the modulation of pivotal steps during tumor immunotherapy,including antigen delivery and presentation,T lymphocyte activation,tumor-associated macrophage elimination and repolarization,and myeloid-derived suppressor cell *** on extensive research,we explored the current limitations and development prospects of supramolecular biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： biomaterials limitations thereby

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NiO-Doped Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO Properties for the Chemical Looping Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2024年第1期26卷 27-33页

作者： liang Hao Chen Junjie Sun jie Sun Hui Shenyang Ligong University Shenyang 110159China Fushun Ecology Environment Bureau Qingyuan County Branch Fushun 113399China

Ethane chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL-ODH)to ethylene is a new technology for ethylene ***_(2)O_(3)/MgO oxygen carrier was prepared using the co-precipitation *** influence of added NiO and its different loadings on Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO were ***,a series of oxygen carriers were applied in the CL-ODH of the ethane cycle ***-Emmett-Teller(BET),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photoelection spectroscopy(XPS),and H2-temperature programmed reduction(TPR)were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of these oxygen *** was confirmed that an interaction between NiO and Fe_(2)O_(3) occurred based on the XPS and H2-TPR *** on the CL-ODH activity performance tests conducted in a fixed-bed reactor,it was revealed that ethylene selectivity was significantly improved after NiO ***_(2)O_(3)-10%NiO/MgO showed the best activity performance with 93%ethane conversion and 50%ethylene selectivity at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and space velocity of 7500 mL/(g·h).

关键词： chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation oxygen carrier Fe_(2)O_(3)/MgO NiO

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Metasurface-based multi-harmonic freeelectron light source

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 428-439页

作者： Gilles Rosolen liang jie wong Nicholas Rivera Bjorn Maes Marin Soljačić Ido Kaminer Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA Micro-and Nanophotonic Materials Group University of MonsPlace du Parc 207000 MonsBelgium Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 2 Fusionopolis WayInnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel

Metasurfaces are subwavelength spatial variations in geometry and material where the structures are of negligible thickness compared to the wavelength of light and are optimized for far-field applications,such as controlling the wavefronts of electromagnetic ***,we investigate the potential of the metasurface near-field profile,generated by an incident few-cycle pulse laser,to facilitate the generation of high-frequency light from free *** particular,the metasurface near-field contains higher-order spatial harmonics that can be leveraged to generate multiple higher-harmonic X-ray frequency *** show that the X-ray spectral profile can be arbitrarily shaped by controlling the metasurface geometry,the electron energy,and the incidence angle of the laser *** ab initio simulations,we predict bright and monoenergetic X-rays,achieving energies of 30 keV(with harmonics spaced by 3 keV)from 5-MeV electrons using 3.4-eV plasmon polaritons on a metasurface with a period of 85 *** an example,we present the design of a four-color X-ray source,a potential candidate for tabletop multicolor hard X-ray *** developments could help pave the way for compact multi-harmonic sources of high-energy photons,which have potential applications in industry,medicine,and the fundamental sciences.

关键词： spectroscopy harmonic harmonics

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Free-electron interactions with van der Waals heterostructures: a source of focused X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第7期12卷 1370-1380页

作者： Xihang Shi Yaniv Kurman Michael Shentcis liang jie wong F.Javier Garcia de Abajo ldo Kaminero Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Singapore ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels 08860Spain iCREA-lnstitucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avangats Passeig Lluis Companys23Barcelona08010Spain

The science and technology of X-ray optics have come far,enabling the focusing of X-rays for applications in highresolution X-ray spectroscopy,imaging,and *** spite of this,many forms of tailoring waves that had substantial impact on applications in the optical regime have remained out of reach in the X-ray *** disparity fundamentally arises from the tendency of refractive indices of all materials to approach unity at high frequencies,making X-ray-optical components such as lenses and mirrors much harder to create and often less ***,we propose a new concept for X-ray focusing based on inducing a curved wavefront into the X-ray generation process,resulting in the intrinsic focusing of X-ray *** concept can be seen as effectively integrating the optics to be part of the emission mechanism,thus bypassing the effciency limits imposed by X-ray optical components,enabling the creation of nanobeams with nanoscale focal spot sizes and micrometer-scale focal ***,we implement this concept by designing aperiodic vdw heterostructures that shape X-rays when driven by free *** parameters of the focused hotspot,such as lateral size and focal depth,are tunable as a function of an interlayer spacing chirp and electron *** forward,ongoing advances in the creation of many-layer vdw heterostructures open unprecedented horizons of focusing and arbitrary shaping of X-ray nanobeams.

关键词： optics integrating arbitrary

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Small-diameter acellular porcine corneal stroma for peripheral corneal ulceration treatment

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 831-837页

作者： Tian liang Xia Wang jie Wu Yan Cheng Department of Ophthalmology Xi’an No.1 HospitalXi’an 710002Shaanxi ProvinceChina

AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of small-diameter acellular porcine corneal stroma(SAPS)for the treatment of peripheral corneal ulceration(PCU).METHODS:This retrospective clinical study included 18 patients(18 eyes)with PCU between April 2018 and December *** patients had PCU and underwent lamellar keratoplasty with *** indicators included preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and transparency of *** infection control rate in the surgical eye-lesion area was also ***:Eighteen patients underwent lamellar keratoplasty with SAPS to treat *** of the patients experienced rejection after 6mo(18/18)and 12mo(16/16)of *** BCVA(0.47±0.30)at the 6mo followup after operation was significantly improved compared with the baseline(0.99±0.80),and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-3.415,P<0.05).The BCVA at the 12mo follow-up after operation was not statistically significant compared to the 6mo(Z=0,P=1).With time,the SAPS graft gradually became *** the 6mo(18/18)and 12mo(16/16)follow-up,none of the patients had recurrent corneal ***:SAPS is clinically effective in the treatment of PCU,improving the patient’s BCVA and reducing the incidence of rejection after keratoplasty.

关键词： acellular porcine corneal stroma lamellar keratoplasty infectious corneal ulcer

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The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 controls CTLA-4 turnover and promotes T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 97-99页

作者： Xiao-liang jie Hua Guo Guang-Biao Zhou State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College100021 BejingChina

Yu et al.[1]reported that the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)receptor OX40(CD134)-TNF receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)axis mediates Lys63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4),leading to the enhancement of CD8^(+)T-cell-mediated antitumor *** findings unveil a previously unknown mechanism in controlling the stability of the immune checkpoint CTLA-4 and provide a potential therapeutic target for the improvement of Tcell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： immunity OX40 ubiquitin

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