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TAX1BP1 and FIP200 orchestrate non-canonical autophagy of p62 aggregates for mouse neural stem cell maintenance

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 937-950页

作者： Yi-Fu Zhu Rong-hua Yu Shuai Zhou Pei-Pei Tang Rui zhang Yu-Xin Wu Ran xu Jia-Ming Wei ying-ying Wang Jia-li zhang Meng-Ke li Xiao-Jing Shi Yu-Wei zhang guang-zhi liu Rick FThorne xu Dong zhang Mian Wu Song Chen School of life Sciences Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230001China Translational Research Institute of henan Provincial People’s Hospital and People'’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical SciencesAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450053China Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Jiangsu College of NursingHuai’anJiangsu 223300China Laboratory Animal Center Academy of Medical ScienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450052China henan Key Laboratory of Stem cell Differentiation and Modification Henan Provincial People’s HospitalHenan UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450053China School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of NewcastleNSW 2308Australia

Autophagy plays a pivotal role in diverse biological processes,including the maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs).Interestingly,while complete deletion of Fip200 severely impairs NSC maintenance and differentiation,inhibiting canonical autophagy via deletion of core genes,such as Atg5,Atg16l1,and Atg7,or blockade of canonical interactions between FIP200 and ATG13(designated as FIP200-4A mutant or FIP200 KI)does not produce comparable detrimental *** highlights the likely critical involvement of the non-canonical functions of FIP200,the mechanisms of which have remained ***,utilizing genetic mouse models,we demonstrated that FIP200 mediates non-canonical autophagic degradation of p62/sequestome1,primarily via TAX1BP1 in *** deletion of Tax1bp1 in fip200hGFAP conditional knock-in(cKI)mice led to NSC deficiency,resembling the fip200hGFAP conditional knockout(cKO)mouse ***,reintroducing wild-type TAX1BP1 not only restored the maintenance of NSCs derived from tax1bp1-knockout fip200hGFAP cKI mice but also led to a marked reduction in p62 aggregate ***,a TAX1BP1 mutant incapable of binding to FIP200 or NBR1/p62 failed to achieve this ***,conditional deletion of Tax1bp1 in fip200hGFAP cKO mice exacerbated NSC deficiency and p62 aggregate accumulation compared to fip200hGFAP cKO ***,these findings illustrate the essential role of the FIP200-TAX1BP1 axis in mediating the non-canonical autophagic degradation of p62 aggregates towards NSC maintenance and function,presenting novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Non-canonical autophagy TAX1BP1 FIP200 p62 Aggregates Neural stem cell

Experimental and clinical study of influence of high-frequency electric surgical knives on healing of abdominal incision

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第25期12卷 4082-4085页

作者： guang-Wei Ji Yuan-zhi Wu xu Wang hua-Xiong Pan Ping li Wan-ying Du zhi Qi An huang li-Wei zhang li zhang Wen Chen guang-hua liu Hui xu quan li Ai-hua Yuan Xiao-Ping he Guo-hua Mei Department of General Surgery 2nd Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation Wuhan 430085 Hubei Province China Department of Pathology 2nd Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Wuhan 430085 Hubei Province China Department of Laboratory 2nd Hospital of Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Wuhan 430085 Hubei Province China

AIM： To study the influence of high-frequency electric surgical knives on healing of abdominal incision. METHODS： Two hundred and forty white rats were divided into 10^0, 10^2, 10^5, and 10^8 groups and rat models of abdominal operation were induced by using electric surgical knives and common lancets respectively. Then they were respectively given hypodermic injections of normal saline and 0.2 mL quantitative mixture of Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudornonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 10^2, 10^5 and 10^8. On the basis of the animal experiment, 220 patients undergoing abdominal operations （above type Ⅱ） were randomly allocated into one of following three groups： electric knife （EK, 93 cases）, electro-coagulation （EC, 55 cases） and control （72 cases）. High-frequency electric surgical knives were used to dissect abdominal tissues and electro-coagulation for hemostasis in EK group. Common lancets and electro-coagulation were applied in EC group. Common lancets and tieing silk suture were used in the controls. RESULTS： In all the groups except group 10^0, infection rate of incisional wounds made by electric surgical knives were remarkably higher than that with common lancets. Furthermore, there were significant differences in groups 10^2, 10^5, and 10^8 （P 〈 0.05）, but not in group 10^0 （P 〉 0.05） between EK and EC groups. Clinical studies showed a delayed wound healing in 16 cases （17.20%） in EK, 11 cases （16.36%） in EC and 2 cases （2.86%）in the control groups. A significant difference between EK and the control groups （χ^2= 8.57, P 〈 0.01）, and between EC and the control groups （χ^2 = 5.66, P 〈 0.05） was observed, but not between EK and EC （χ^2= 0.017, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： High-frequency electric knives may remarkably delay abdominal incision healing. Its application should be minimized so as to reduce the possibility of postoperative complications.

关键词： High-frequency electric surgical knives Abdominal incision healing Infection

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基于不确定性分析的健康环境风险评价

环境科学 2007年第7期28卷 1409-1415页

作者：张应华刘志全李广贺张旭清华大学环境科学与工程系北京100084

基于对水源地石油污染等现场调查数据为基础,选取典型污染物苯,利用可传递参数差异的蒙特卡罗技术方法,分析了乙烯厂不同分区苯污染经过呼吸和饮水暴露途径造成人体健康风险的不确定性,量化不确定性因素影响的A地区人体健康风险水平.结... 详细信息

基于对水源地石油污染等现场调查数据为基础,选取典型污染物苯,利用可传递参数差异的蒙特卡罗技术方法,分析了乙烯厂不同分区苯污染经过呼吸和饮水暴露途径造成人体健康风险的不确定性,量化不确定性因素影响的A地区人体健康风险水平.结果表明,裂解装置区是苯污染影响人体健康风险水平的主要来源,产生的健康风险水平均值为1.17×10-4,而其他3个分区的影响较小;所有分区苯污染对A地区产生的人体健康总风险均值为1.18×10-4,大于美国环保局人体健康风险建议值10-6,对人体健康已产生影响;受不确定性因素影响,根据不同的人体健康可以承受的风险水平限值,污染对人体健康产生影响的概率存在差异.因此量化不确定性对风险水平的影响,可为污染场地的风险管理和修复行动提供科学依据.

关键词：蒙特卡罗不确定性环境风险评价风险水平苯污染

A 1.1 Mb duplication CNV on chromosome 17 contributes to skeletal muscle development in Boer goats

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Zoological Research 2023年第2期44卷 303-314页

作者： ying Yuan Wei-Yi zhang Bai-Gao Yang Dong-Ke Zhou Lu xu Yong-Meng he Hao-Yuan zhang Cheng-li liu Yue-Hui Ma Ming-Xing Chu Wen-guang zhang Hui-Jiang Gao lin Jiang Fu-Ping Zhao Lu-Pei zhang Ri-Su Na Baatarchogt Oyungerel Yan-Guo Han Yan Zeng Shi-zhi Wang huai-zhi Jiang Hong-Ping zhang xun-Ping Jiang Jian-Ning he Hao liang Kaushalendra Kaushalendra Ya-Wang Sun Yong-Fu huang Yong-Ju Zhao Zhong-quan Zhao guang-Xin E College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage&herbivore Chongqing 400715China Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100193China College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHuhhotInner Mongolia 010018China School of Animal Science&Biotechnology Mongolian University of Life SciencesZaisanKhan-uulUlaanbaatar 17024Mongolia Animal Science and Technology College Jilin Agriculture UniversityChangchunJilin 130118China Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan 611130China Key Lab of Agricultural Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Ministry of EducationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhongAgricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China College of Animal Science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandong 266109China State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland livestock School of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotInner Mongolia 010070China Department of Zoology Pachhunga University CollegeMizoram UniversityAizawl 796001India

The Boer goat is one of the top meat breeds in modern animal husbandry and has attracted widespread attention for its unique growth ***,the genetic basis of muscle development in the Boer goat remains *** this study,we identified specific structural variants in the Boer goat based on genome-wide selection signals and analyzed the basis of the molecular heredity of related candidate genes in muscle development.A total of9 959 autosomal copy number variations(CNVs) were identified through selection signal analysis in 127 goat ***,we confirmed that the highest signal CNV(HSV) was a chromosomal arrangement containing an approximately 1.11 Mb(CHIR17:60062304-61171840 bp) duplicated fragment inserted in reverse orientation and a 5 362 bp deleted region(CHIR17:60145940-60151302 bp) with overlapping genes(e.g.,ARHGAP10,NR3C2,EDNRA,PRMT9,and TMEM184C).The homozygous duplicated HSV genotype(+/+) was found in 96% of Boer goats but was not detected in Eurasian goats and was only detected in 4% of indigenous African *** expression network of three candidate genes(ARHGAP10,NR3C2,and EDNRA)regulating dose transcription was constructed by RNA *** indicated that these genes were involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells(SMSCs) and their overexpression significantly increased the expression of *** HSV of the Boer goat contributed to superior skeletal muscle growth via the dose effects of overlapping genes.

关键词： Boer goat CNV Muscle development SMSCs

A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 672-681页

作者： Shang Yu Wei liu Si-Jing Tao zhi-Peng li Yi-Tao Wang zhi-Peng Zhong Raj BPatel Yu Meng Yuan-Ze Yang Zhao-An Wang Nai-Jie Guo Xiao-Dong Zeng Zhe Chen liang xu Ning zhang Xiao liu Mu Yang Wen-Hao zhang Zong-quan Zhou Jin-Shi xu Jian-Shun Tang Yong-Jian Han Chuan-Feng li guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. CAS Center for Excellence in quantum Information and quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China. Research Center for quantum Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 310000China. quantum Optics and Laser Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonPrince Consort RdLondon SW72AZUK. Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsOxford UniversityParks Road OX13PUOxfordUK

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique *** decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been *** is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world ***,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a *** we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and *** order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable *** current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

关键词： quantum signature chaos

Results of 23 yr of Pulsar Timing of PSR J1453-6413

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第10期23卷 357-366页

作者： Wei li Shi-Jun Dang Jian-Ping Yuan lin li Wei-hua Wang Lun-hua Shang Na Wang Qing-ying li Ji-guang Lu Fei-Fei Kou Shuang-Qiang Wang Shuo Xiao Qi-Jun zhi Yu-Lan liu Ru-Shuang Zhao Ai-Jun Dong Bin zhang Zi-Yi You Yan-Qing Cai Ya-Qin Yang ying-ying Ren Yu-Jia liu heng xu School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Guizhou Radio Astronomy Observatory Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China School of Physics Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China College of Mathematics and Physics Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

In this paper,we presented the 23.3 yr of pulsar timing results of PSR J1456-6413 based on the observations of Parkes 64 m radio *** detected two new glitches at MJD 57093(3)and 59060(12)and confirmed its first glitch at MJD 54554(10).The relative sizes(Δν/ν)of these two new glitches are 0.9×10^(-9)and 1.16×10^(-9),*** the“Cholesky”timing analysis method,we have determined its position,proper motion,and two-dimensional transverse velocities from the data segments before and after the second glitch,***,we detected exponential recovery behavior after the first glitch,with a recovery timescale of approximately 200 days and a corresponding exponential recovery factor Q of approximately 0.15(2),while no exponential recovery was detected for the other two *** interestingly,we found that the leading component of the integral pulse profile after the second glitch became stronger,while the main component became *** results will expand the sample of pulsars with magnetosphere fluctuation triggered by the glitch event.

关键词： Stars (stars:)pulsars:individual(PSR J1453-6413) stars:neutron

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第9期20卷 901-914页

作者： ying-Shuo Wang Yun-lian Zhou Guan-Nan Bai Shu-Xian li Dan xu li-Na Chen Xing Chen Xiao-Yan Dong Hong-Min Fu Zhou Fu Chuang-li Hao Jian-Guo Hong En-Mei liu Han-Min liu Xiao-Xia Lu Zheng-Xiu Luo Lan-Fang Tang Man Tian Yong Yin Xiao-Bo zhang Jian-hua zhang Hai-lin zhang De-Yu Zhao Shun-ying Zhao Guo-Hong Zhu ying-xue Zou quan Lu Yuan-Yuan zhang zhi-Min Chen Department of Pulmonology Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Child health Care Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Pediatrics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250021China Department of Pulmonology Shanghai Children’s HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Kunming Children’s HospitalKunming 650034China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014China Department of Pulmonology Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215003China Department of Pediatrics Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China Department of Respiratory Medicine Wuhan Children’s HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430015China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210008China Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 201102China Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100045China Departmen

Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae(***)is a significant contributor to community-acquired pneumonia among *** 1968,when a strain of *** resistant to macrolide antibiotics was initially reported in Japan,macrolide-resistant ***(MRMP)has been documented in many countries worldwide,with varying incidence *** infections lead to a poor response to macrolide antibiotics,frequently resulting in prolonged fever,extended antibiotic treatment,increased hospitalization,intensive care unit admissions,and a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoids or second-line *** 2000,the global incidence of MRMP has gradually increased,especially in East Asia,which has posed a serious challenge to the treatment of *** infections in children and attracted widespread attention from ***,there is still no global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of MRMP in *** We organized 29 Chinese experts majoring in pediatric pulmonology and epidemiology to write the world’s first consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MRMP pneumonia,based on evidence *** evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,Medline,and the Cochrane *** used variations in terms for“macrolide-resistant”,“Mycoplasma pneumoniae”,“MP”,“***”,“pneumonia”,“MRMP”,“lower respiratory tract infection”,“Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection”,“children”,and“pediatric”.Results Epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,early identification,laboratory examination,principles of antibiotic use,application of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin,and precautions for bronchoscopy are *** and rapid identification of gene mutations associated with MRMP is now available by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent probe techniques in respiratory *** the resistance rate to mac

关键词： Child Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Recommendation Diagnosis Treatment

Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 11-25页

作者： Xian-li zhang Xi zhang Wang hua Zheng-De Xie Han-Min liu Hai-lin zhang Bi-quan Chen Yuan Chen Xin Sun Yi xu Sai-Nan Shu Shun-ying Zhao Yun-Xiao Shang ling Cao Yan-Hui Jia Luo-Na lin Jiong li Chuang-li Hao Xiao-Yan Dong Dao-Jiong lin Hong-Mei xu De-Yu Zhao Mei Zeng zhi-Min Chen li-Su huang Department of Infectious Disease Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine3333 Binsheng RoadBinjiang DistrictHangzhou 310052China Clinical Research Unit Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Beijing Pediatric Research Institute Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Pediatric Pulmonology West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Pediatric Pulmonology the Second Affiliated Hospital&Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina Department of Infectious Disease Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina Department of Pediatrics the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina Department of Pediatrics Xijing Hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina Department of Infectious Disease Guangzhou Women and Children's Medicine CenterGuangzhou Medicine UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Pediatrics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Respiratory Disease Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Pediatric Respiratory Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Respiratory Department Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Respirology Children's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina Department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of ShanghaiChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Infectious Disease Hainan Women and Children's Medical CenterHaikouChina Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Respiratory Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Department of Infectious Di

Background Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years,representing a major global healthcare *** is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life.A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology,infectious diseases,respiratory medicine,and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in *** sources The evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane library,using variations in terms for"respiratory syncytial virus","RSV","lower respiratory tract infection","bronchiolitis","acute","viral pneumonia","neonatal","infant""children",and"pediatric".Results Evidence-based recommendations regarding diagnosis,treatment,and prevention were proposed with a high degree of *** supportive care remains the cornerstone for the management of RSV infections,new monoclonal antibodies,vaccines,drug therapies,and viral surveillance techniques are being rolled *** This consensus,based on international and national scientific evidence,reinforces the current recommendations and integrates the recent advances for optimal care and prevention of RSV *** improvements in the management of RSV infections will require generating the highest quality of evidence through rigorously designed studies that possess little bias and sufficient capacity to identify clinically meaningful end points.

关键词： Consensus prevention Respiratory syncytial virus Treatment

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease (2018 edition)

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第5期14卷 437-447页

作者： Xing-Wang li Xin Ni Su-Yun Qian quan Wang Rong-Meng Jiang Wen-Bo xu Yu-Cai zhang guang-Jun Yu Qiang Chen Yun-Xiao Shang Cheng-Song Zhao Hui Yu Ting zhang Gang liu Hui-ling Deng Jie Gao Xian-Gui Ran Qiao-zhi Yang Bian-li xu xue-Yong huang Xing-Dong Wu Yi-Xiao Bao Yi-Ping Chen zhi-Hai Chen Qing-quan liu Guo-Ping Lu Chun-Feng liu Rong-Bing Wang Guo-liang zhang Fang Gu Hong-Mei xu ying li Tao Yang Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Otorhinolaryngology head andN eck Surgery Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Prediatric Intensive Care Unit Beijing Children’s Hospital of Capit al Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Pre ventionBeijingChina Children’s Hospital ofShanghai Jiaotong University ShanghaiChina Pneumology department Jiangxi Provincial Children’s HospitalNanchangChina Department of P ediatric Pneumology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Department of Inf ectious Diseases Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Inf ectious Diseases Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Digestive Department Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Inf ectious Diseases The Children’s Hospital of Xi'anXi’anChina Infection Control Offi ce Children’s Hospital ofShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina Department ofR espiratory Medicine People’s Hospital ofFuy ang CityFuyangChina Department of P ediatrics People’s Hospital of Liaoc heng CityLiaochengChina

Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus (EV), and which is principally seen in children under 5 years of age. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treat-ments, to further standardize and strengthen the clinical management and to reduce the mortality of HFMD, the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment have been developed. Methods National health Commission of China assembled an expert committee for a revision of the guidelines. The com-mittee included 33 members who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of HFMD. Results Early recognition of severe cases is utmost important in diagnosis and treatment of patients with HFMD. The key to diagnosis and treatment of severe cases lies in the timely and accurate recognition of stages 2 and 3 of HFMD, in order to stop progression to stage 4. Clinicians should particularly pay attention to those EV-A71 cases in children aged less than 3 years, and those with disease duration less than 3 days. The following indicators should alert the clinician of possible deterioration and impending critical disease: (1) persistent hyperthermia;(2) involvement of nervous system;(3) worsening respiratory rate and rhythm;(4) circulatory dysfunction;(5) elevated peripheral WBC count;(6) elevated blood glucose and (7) elevated blood lactic acid. For treatment, most mild cases can be treated as outpatients. Patients should be isolated to avoid cross-infection. Intense treatment modalities should be given for those severe cases. Conclusion The guidelines can provide systematic guidance on the diagnosis and management of HFMD.

关键词： Diagnosis Guidelines HFMD Treatment