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Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang Lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing Li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin Lai Minchao liu zhe liu Chenxing Lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang Li Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

关键词： D-A copolymer, hole transport materials, bifunctional bridge capping layer, passivation perovskite solar cells

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An internally linked dibenzihexaphyrin

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Zhaohui Zong Xiaotong Zhang zhe liu Guangliu Ran Wenkai Zhang Xiansheng Ke College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University School of Physics and Astronomy Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University

Hexaphyrins are one of the most studied expanded porphyrins that show intriguing electronic structure and coordination abilities in the past decades. However, core-modified hexaphyrins especially for benzene-replaced hexaphyrins are much less ***, we revisit the dibenzihexaphyrin system and demonstrate how to achieve the hexaphyrin-like organometallic nature of a benzene-replaced expanded porphyrin. For the “true” di-m-benzihexaphyrin 2, metal complex with anticipated CCNN coordination is not realized probably due to the steric hindrance. Further, we synthesized an internally linked dibenzihexaphyrin (3)with a direct carbon–carbon bond between two phenylenes. As prepared, 3 has a strained biphenyl unit and can effectively coordinate two Cu(III) ions with CCNN coordination. This sharp contrast underscores the critical importance of the formed preorganized corrole-like adj-CCNN cavities after linking two flanking phenylenes. 3 can also act as a bidentate ligand like traditional hexaphyrin, enabling the formation of an even more strained bis-Rh(I) complex. The electronic structures and photophysical properties of the free base and metal complexes are systematically studied by steady state absorption and fstransient absorptions (fs-TA) spectroscopies, as well as DFTcalculations. Notably, 3 can be regarded as a hexaphyrin-sized backto-back fused bis-dicarbacorrole, which stands as the smallest fused carbaporphyrinoid array prepared to date.

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神经先验增强的抗干扰鲁棒自动驾驶导航

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计算机应用研究 2025年第1期42卷 111-116页

作者：穆凡刘哲上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院上海200240

自动驾驶车辆广泛依赖感知系统来进行城市导航和环境理解,然而现有研究大多局限于良好的城市驾驶环境,在恶劣天气以及外部干扰下导致的传感器故障和感知失灵等严重影响现有自动驾驶系统的实际落地。为此提出了一种基于神经先验的自动驾... 详细信息

自动驾驶车辆广泛依赖感知系统来进行城市导航和环境理解,然而现有研究大多局限于良好的城市驾驶环境,在恶劣天气以及外部干扰下导致的传感器故障和感知失灵等严重影响现有自动驾驶系统的实际落地。为此提出了一种基于神经先验的自动驾驶信息重建算法,通过对大范围自动驾驶场景的隐式建模密集地存储场景几何先验,并基于注意力机制结合隐式神经先验进行自动驾驶感知信息的鲁棒重建,最终提出一个通用的自动驾驶导航鲁棒性增强框架。在CARLA自动驾驶模拟器仿真实验中,该算法显著提升了多个现有自动驾驶模型在外部干扰下的导航性能,使自动驾驶模型在攻击和干扰下的性能衰减率从82.74%下降到了8.84%,证明了所提方法的通用性和有效性。

关键词：自动驾驶鲁棒性神经辐射场

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A Quantum Computing Based Numerical Method for Solving Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Problems

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第6期34卷 2428-2469页

作者： liu zhe LI Shurong School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Mixed-integer optimal control problems(MIOCPs) usually play important roles in many real-world engineering applications. However, the MIOCP is a typical NP-hard problem with considerable computational complexity, resulting in slow convergence or premature convergence by most current heuristic optimization algorithms. Accordingly, this study proposes a new and effective hybrid algorithm based on quantum computing theory to solve the MIOCP. The algorithm consists of two parts:(i) Quantum Annealing(QA) specializes in solving integer optimization with high efficiency owing to the unique annealing process based on quantum tunneling, and(ii) Double-Elite Quantum Ant Colony Algorithm(DEQACA) which adopts double-elite coevolutionary mechanism to enhance global searching is developed for the optimization of continuous decisions. The hybrid QA/DEQACA algorithm integrates the strengths of such algorithms to better balance the exploration and exploitation abilities. The overall evolution performs to seek out the optimal mixed-integer decisions by interactive parallel computing of the QA and the DEQACA. Simulation results on benchmark functions and practical engineering optimization problems verify that the proposed numerical method is more excel at achieving promising results than other two state-of-the-art heuristics.

关键词： Double-elite coevolution interactive parallel computing mixed-integer optimal control problem quantum annealing quantum ant colony algorithm

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SVC Video Transmission Optimization Algorithm in Software Defined Network

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China Communications 2018年第10期15卷 143-149页

作者： zhe liu Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Scalable video coding(SVC) is a powerful tool to solve the network heterogeneity and terminal diversity in video applications. However, in related works about the optimization of SVC-based video streaming over Software Defined Network(SDN), most of the them are focused either on the number of transmission layers or on the optimization of transmission path for specific layer. In this paper, we propose a noval optimization algorithm for SVC to dynamically adjust the number of layers and optimize the transmission paths simultaneously. We establish the problem model based on the 0/1 knapsack model, and then solve it with Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm. Additionally, the simulations are carried out on the Mininet platform, which show that our approach can dynamically adjust the number of layers and select the optimal paths at the same time. As a result, it can achieve an effective allocation of network resources which mitigates the congestion and reduces the loss of non-SVC stream.

关键词： SVC SDN OpenFlow Mininet Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) 0/1 knapsack model

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On some mathematical aspects of the Heisenberg relation

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第11期54卷 2427-2452页

作者： liu zhe Department of Mathematics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

The Heisenberg commutation relation, QP P Q = ihI, is the most fundamental relation of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg's encoding of the ad-hoc quantum rules in this simple relation embodies the character-istic indeterminacy and uncertainty of quantum theory. Representations of the Heisenberg relation in various mathematical structures are discussed. In particular, after a discussion of unbounded operators affiliated with finite von Neumann algebras, especially, factors of Type Ⅱ1 , we answer the question of whether or not the Heisenberg relation can be realized with unbounded self-adjoint operators in the algebra of operators affiliated with a factor of type Ⅱ1 .

关键词： Heisenberg relation quantum mechanics unbounded operators affiliated operators finite yon Neumann algebras factors of type Ⅱ1

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Cognitive Navigation for Intelligent Mobile Robots:A Learning-Based Approach With Topological Memory Configuration

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1933-1943页

作者： Qiming liu Xinru Cui zhe liu Hesheng Wang Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence AI InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of EducationShanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and ManagementShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Autonomous navigation for intelligent mobile robots has gained significant attention,with a focus on enabling robots to generate reliable policies based on maintenance of spatial *** this paper,we propose a learning-based visual navigation pipeline that uses topological maps as memory *** introduce a unique online topology construction approach that fuses odometry pose estimation and perceptual similarity *** tackles the issues of topological node redundancy and incorrect edge connections,which stem from the distribution gap between the spatial and perceptual ***,we propose a differentiable graph extraction structure,the topology multi-factor transformer(TMFT).This structure utilizes graph neural networks to integrate global memory and incorporates a multi-factor attention mechanism to underscore elements closely related to relevant target cues for policy *** from photorealistic simulations on image-goal navigation tasks highlight the superior navigation performance of our proposed pipeline compared to existing memory *** validation through behavior visualization,interpretability tests,and real-world deployment further underscore the adapt-ability and efficacy of our method.

关键词： Graph neural networks(GNNs) spatial memory topological map visual navigation

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Supervised and Semi-supervised Methods for Abdominal Organ Segmentation: A Review

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2021年第6期18卷 887-914页

作者： Isaac Baffour Senkyire zhe liu School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Computer Science Department Ghana Communication Technology UniversityAccraGhana

Abdominal organ segmentation is the segregation of a single or multiple abdominal organ(s) into semantic image segments of pixels identified with homogeneous features such as color and texture, and intensity. The abdominal organ(s) condition is mostly connected with greater morbidity and mortality. Most patients often have asymptomatic abdominal conditions and symptoms, which are often recognized late;hence the abdomen has been the third most common cause of damage to the human body. That notwithstanding,there may be improved outcomes where the condition of an abdominal organ is detected earlier. Over the years, supervised and semi-supervised machine learning methods have been used to segment abdominal organ(s) in order to detect the organ(s) condition. The supervised methods perform well when the used training data represents the target data, but the methods require large manually annotated data and have adaptation problems. The semi-supervised methods are fast but record poor performance than the supervised if assumptions about the data fail to hold. Current state-of-the-art methods of supervised segmentation are largely based on deep learning techniques due to their good accuracy and success in real world applications. Though it requires a large amount of training data for automatic feature extraction, deep learning can hardly be used. As regards the semi-supervised methods of segmentation, self-training and graph-based techniques have attracted much research attention. Self-training can be used with any classifier but does not have a mechanism to rectify mistakes early. Graph-based techniques thrive on their convexity, scalability, and effectiveness in application but have an out-of-sample problem. In this review paper, a study has been carried out on supervised and semi-supervised methods of performing abdominal organ segmentation. An observation of the current approaches, connection and gaps are identified, and prospective future research opportunities are enu

关键词： Abdominal organ supervised segmentation semi-supervised segmentation evaluation metrics image segmentation machine learning

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Nonlinear RCMC method for spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic SAR

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2012年第2期23卷 201-207页

作者： zhe liu Jianyu Yang Xiaoling Zhang School of Electronic Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731P.R.China

In the spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic syn- thetic aperture radar （SA-FBSAR）, due to the system platforms＇ remarkable velocity difference and the forward-looking mode, the range cell migration （RCM） not only depends on the target＇s two- dimensional location, but also varies with the range location non- linearly. And the nonlinearity is not just the slight deviation from the linear part, but exhibits evident nonlinear departure in the RCM trajectory. If the RCM is not properly corrected, nonlinear image distortions would occur. Based on the RCM model, a modified two-step RCM compensation （RCMC） method for SA-FBSAR is proposed. In this method, firstly the azimuth-dependent RCM is compensated by the scaling Fourier transform and the phase multi- plication. And then the range-dependent RCM is removed through interpolation. The effectiveness of the proposed RCMC method is verified by the simulation results of both point scatterers and area targets.

关键词： forward-looking bistatic synthetic aperture radar (FB- SAR) nonlinear range cell migration compensation (RCMC) imaging.

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A Synthesis of Multi-Precision Multiplication and Squaring Techniques for 8-Bit Sensor Nodes＂ State-of-the-Art Research and Future Challenges

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第2期31卷 284-299页

作者： zhe liu Hwajeong Seo Howon Kim Laboratory of Algorithmics Cryptology and Security University of Luxembourg Kirchberg L-1359 Luxembourg School of Computer Science and Engineering Pusan National University Busan 609-735 Korea

Multi-precision multiplication and squaring are the performance-critical operations for the implementation of public-key cryptography, such as exponentiation in RSA, and scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptography （ECC）. In this paper, we provide a survey on the multi-precision multiplication and squaring techniques, and make special focus on the comparison of their performance and memory footprint on sensor nodes using 8-bit processors, Different from the previous work, our advantages are in at least three aspects. Firstly, this survey includes the existing techniques for multi- precision multiplication and squaring on sensor nodes over prime fields. Secondly, we analyze and evaluate each method in a systematic and objective way. Thirdly, this survey also provides suggestions for selecting appropriate multiplication and squaring techniques for concrete implementation of public-key cryptography. At the end of this survey, we propose the research challenges on efficient implementation of the multiplication and the squaring operations based on our observation.

关键词： public-key cryptography multi-precision multiplication multi-precision squaring 8-bit AVR microprocessor

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