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横向联邦学习:研究现状、系统应用与挑战

计算机学报 2025年第1期48卷 35-67页

作者：吴文泰吴应良林伟伟左文明暨南大学信息科学技术学院广州510632 华南理工大学电子商务系广州510006 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院广州510006 人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(广州) 广州510335

随着数据和算力向网络边缘下沉,人工智能应用的研发愈加依赖隐私敏感的用户数据。在这一趋势的推动下,联邦学习因其强调隐私保护的特性而逐渐成为一个广泛应用的分布式机器学习框架。作为联邦学习的原始范式,横向联邦学习(Horizontal Fe... 详细信息

随着数据和算力向网络边缘下沉,人工智能应用的研发愈加依赖隐私敏感的用户数据。在这一趋势的推动下,联邦学习因其强调隐私保护的特性而逐渐成为一个广泛应用的分布式机器学习框架。作为联邦学习的原始范式,横向联邦学习(Horizontal Federated Learning,HFL)具有扩展能力强和使用场景广泛等特点,因此是近年来该领域的研究重心,同时在产业界相关需求的驱动下有着十分广泛的应用前景。横向联邦学习的研究涉及机器学习、分布式系统、无线通信和信息安全等多个学术领域,从研究动机到技术方法都呈现多样化,但现有文献未能展现相关研究现状的全貌。此外,横向联邦学习相关技术的发展催化出了一系列开源系统框架、公开数据集以及多种场景下的应用,对进一步研究与实践都具有参考价值。为此,本文对横向联邦学习的研究现状和系统应用进行综合性调研:首先,对相关文献按照研究目标和技术角度进行全面地分类梳理,从多领域视角分析了各分支的研究现状;其次,从应用实践的视角,对比分析了面向横向联邦学习的主流系统框架与代码库、描述了数据准备方法以及典型的应用场景。在此基础上,阐明了横向联邦学习算法研究和系统应用面临的6个关键挑战,为如何缩小相关研究与系统实践之间的鸿沟提供了新的参考。

关键词：横向联邦学习数据隐私分布式系统机器学习人工神经网络

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苜蓿根际土壤化感潜力的初步研究

土壤通报 2004年第6期35卷 776-779页

作者：李玉占梁文举姜勇中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

通过盆栽试验和发芽实验初步研究了4个生长年限(处理)的苜蓿地土壤化感作用强弱,其抑制活性强弱依次为:三年生苜蓿地>二年生苜蓿地>一年生苜蓿地>休闲地;在相同处理条件下,苜蓿对其他作物的化感作用强于其自毒效应。在一定年限内,苜蓿... 详细信息

通过盆栽试验和发芽实验初步研究了4个生长年限(处理)的苜蓿地土壤化感作用强弱,其抑制活性强弱依次为:三年生苜蓿地>二年生苜蓿地>一年生苜蓿地>休闲地;在相同处理条件下,苜蓿对其他作物的化感作用强于其自毒效应。在一定年限内,苜蓿化感物质通过根系分泌、残茬分解和地上部分淋溶等途径进入土壤中,呈现出逐年富集的趋势。

关键词：苜蓿根际土壤化感潜力生物测定化感物质

产-需全链条耦合的矿山综合能源电-热-煤协同低碳调度

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电力自动化设备 2025年第2期45卷 61-68页

作者：吕超贤罗刚孙文梁睿张鸽中国矿业大学电气工程学院江苏徐州221116 国网冀北电力有限公司唐山供电公司河北唐山063000

矿山产-需环节耦合紧密,如何实现多环节的协同优化以提升系统的用能经济性与减碳效益是亟待解决的问题。为此,提出产-需全链条耦合的矿山综合能源系统(CMIES)电-热-煤协同经济低碳优化调度方法。从矿山生产工艺流程出发,分析各环节之间... 详细信息

矿山产-需环节耦合紧密,如何实现多环节的协同优化以提升系统的用能经济性与减碳效益是亟待解决的问题。为此,提出产-需全链条耦合的矿山综合能源系统(CMIES)电-热-煤协同经济低碳优化调度方法。从矿山生产工艺流程出发,分析各环节之间的耦合特征,构建含煤矿生产-用能多环节的CMIES电-热-煤耦合拓扑;剖析矿山安全开采前提下的煤流工序、伴生能源产出和利用方式,刻画运煤、排水环节的柔性特征,建立多环节运行模型;以矿山用能成本与碳排放惩罚成本最小为目标,构建电-热-煤协同的CMIES经济低碳调度模型。以山西省某煤矿为算例进行仿真,验证所提模型与方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提模型与方法通过工序调整、环节优化有效降低了矿山的用能成本及碳排放量,实现了多环节协同下的CMIES经济低碳运行。

关键词：矿山综合能源系统煤流伴生能源电-热-煤协同低碳调度

Five-year complete remission of super-giant hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatectomy followed by sorafenib plus camrelizumab:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025年第1期17卷 273-281页

作者： Xiao-Qin Zheng Li-Bo Sun wen-Jie Jin Hui Liu wen-Yan Song Hui Xu ju-Shan Wu Xiao-jun Wang Chun-Yan Gou Hui-Guo Ding Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Surgery Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Institute for Research in Biomedicine Universitàdella Svizzera italianaBellinzona 6500TicinoSwitzerland Department of Pathology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Radiology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

BACKGROUND Cirrhotic patients with super-giant hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and portal vein invasion generally have a poor *** paper presents a patient with super-giant HCC and portal vein invasion,who underwent hepatectomy followed by a combination of sorafenib and camrelizumab,resulting in complete remission(CR)for 5 *** SUMMARY A 40-year-old male with compensated hepatitis B-related cirrhosis was diagnosed with HCC,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage *** computed tomography imaging revealed a 152 mm×171 mm tumor in the right liver,invading the portal vein and hepatic *** function was *** patient successfully underwent hepatectomy on july 18,***,by December 2019,HCC recurrence with lung metastases and portal vein invasion were *** started treatment with sorafenib(200 mg twice daily)and camrelizumab(200 mg every 3 weeks).By May 12,2020,the patient was confirmed to have *** was adjusted to 200 mg every 12 weeks from june 16,2021,with the last infusion on March 29,*** no further tumor recurrence was observed,he experienced two episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophagogastric varices,which were managed with endoscopic *** date,the patient has remained in CR for 5 *** The combination of hepatectomy with sorafenib and camrelizumab can achieve durable CR in patients with supergiant HCC and portal vein *** research is necessary to address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Hepatectomy Sorafenib Camrelizumab Super-giant hepatocellular carcinoma Complete remission Case report

Semiconductor clusters enable high-efficiency extraction of hot electrons from gold nanorods for photocatalytic organic conversions

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jia-Xing Liu Hao Ma Shang-Fu Yuan Jing-Ni Zhang Jing-Guan liang Rui Zhou Dong-Sheng Li wen-Bin Chen Ming-De Li Tao Wu State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Natural Bioactive Molecules and Discovery of Innovative Drugs College of Chemistry and Materials Science Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry Jinan University Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology Jinan University College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University

Plasmon-induced hot energy in metal nanostructures holds great promise for photocatalytic organic conversions. However,maintaining the high-energy state of hot electrons within these structures remains challenging, even in hybrid metal-semiconductor heterojunctions. The rapid relaxation of hot electrons（junction（P2-Au） with ultrathin-shell semiconductor layer by combing ultra-small metal chalcogenide semiconductor clusters（P2） with gold nanorods（AuNRs）, which exhibits high-efficiency extraction of hot electrons and photocatalytic application. The robust binding of P2 cluster, with its smaller volume and larger energy level splitting compared to large-sized quantum dots, not only significantly increases the yield of hot electrons but also enables their rapid extraction and sustains long-lived（> 2 ns） high-energy states. As a proof of concept, the composite photocatalyst achieves near-infrared-lightdriven C（sp3）–S cross-coupling reactions for the first time. This protocol effectively produces over 50 alkylthioethers from a wide scope range of non-active alkyl bromides and chlorides, aryl and alkyl thiols. This work provides a new strategy for highefficiency extraction of hot electrons within plasmonic metal nanostructures and paves the way for hot electron-driven photocatalytic organic transformations.

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用PSO优化BP神经网络的母线负荷预测方法

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电力系统及其自动化学报 2010年第5期22卷 146-151页

作者：彭信淞贺辉姚建刚钟立军梁文举王建湖南大学电气与信息工程学院长沙410082 湖南省电力公司长沙410000 湖南常德电力局常德415000

针对母线负荷基数小、易突变、母线间差异大等特点,提出一种粒子群算法优化神经网络的多层前馈神经网络的母线负荷预测方法。该方法综合了粒子群优化算法的全局随机搜索最优解和梯度下降局部细致搜索优势的特点,使其陷入局部最小,用母... 详细信息

针对母线负荷基数小、易突变、母线间差异大等特点,提出一种粒子群算法优化神经网络的多层前馈神经网络的母线负荷预测方法。该方法综合了粒子群优化算法的全局随机搜索最优解和梯度下降局部细致搜索优势的特点,使其陷入局部最小,用母线负荷的初始值作为粒子向量的值,优化了误差反向传播神经网络的权值和阈值,达到提高预测精度和改善泛化性的目的。用该方法对湖南地区的110 kV和220 kV的母线负荷进行实验分析,结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。

关键词：母线负荷预测粒子群算法 BP网络

Based on non-targeted metabolomics for differential components screening of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos and their quality evaluation

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Traditional Medicine Research 2025年第2期10卷 1-15页

作者： Xu liang Ni-Hui Zhang Zhi-Lai Zhan Guang-Lu Chang Yan Gao Xia Li wen-Yuan Gao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Faculty of MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin 300193China State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises Tianjin 300402China

Background:Rosa chinensis *** Rosa rugosa *** not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional *** two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar *** addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal ***,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography ***,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large *** compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and ***:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the *** principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four *** least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavon

关键词： Rosa chinensis Jacq. Rosa rugosa Thunb. metabolomics chemometrics multiple component quantification quality evaluation

青藏高原区8份老芒麦资源农艺性状与生产性能综合评价

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草业学报 2025年第2期34卷 123-132页

作者：王文虎梁国玲刘文辉王凤宇李文青海大学畜牧兽医科学院青海省畜牧兽医科学院青海西宁810016 青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室青海西宁810016

为了综合评价青藏高原区老芒麦资源的特点,本研究在海晏县开展了8份老芒麦资源的农艺性状与生产性能综合评价试验,分析了不同老芒麦资源的农艺性状和产量性状特征,揭示老芒麦饲草产量的影响因素,采用TOPSIS-多准则决策模型对供试老芒麦... 详细信息

为了综合评价青藏高原区老芒麦资源的特点,本研究在海晏县开展了8份老芒麦资源的农艺性状与生产性能综合评价试验,分析了不同老芒麦资源的农艺性状和产量性状特征,揭示老芒麦饲草产量的影响因素,采用TOPSIS-多准则决策模型对供试老芒麦资源的各项指标进行综合评价,以期筛选出优质的老芒麦资源。结果表明:2龄时,16-364、17-195植株较高,为108.1和109.0 cm;16-093草层高度最高、单株饲草产量最高,分别为36.8 cm,170.3 g;15-025、17-195分蘖数较多,为123和124枝·株^(-1)。3龄时,17-195植株最高、冠幅最大,分别为122.7 cm、140.8 cm;16-093草层高度最高、单株饲草产量最高,分别为51.8 cm,234.7 g;15-025分蘖数最多,为456枝·株^(-1)。结构方程表明,株高和分蘖数是影响老芒麦饲草产量的关键因子,TOPSIS-多准则决策模型综合评价结果表明,16-093饲草生产性能更高、更稳定,是适宜海北州种植的最佳老芒麦资源,可作为下一步品种选育的亲本材料。

关键词：老芒麦生产性能资源饲草综合评价

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耕地土壤交换性钙镁比值的研究

土壤通报 2003年第5期34卷 414-417页

作者：姜勇张玉革梁文举乔德波中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所辽宁沈阳110016 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院辽宁沈阳110161

对沈阳市郊区1994个耕地表土(0～20cm)样点和4个典型剖面中交换性Ca/Mg的比值进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同土属耕层土壤中Ca、Mg交换量有较大差别,交换性Ca/Mg的比值主要受母质等成土因素的影响;棕壤的各个土属的Ca/Mg在4左右,石灰性... 详细信息

对沈阳市郊区1994个耕地表土(0～20cm)样点和4个典型剖面中交换性Ca/Mg的比值进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同土属耕层土壤中Ca、Mg交换量有较大差别,交换性Ca/Mg的比值主要受母质等成土因素的影响;棕壤的各个土属的Ca/Mg在4左右,石灰性草甸土和草甸沼泽土的Ca/Mg则在8以上。棕壤和草甸土典型剖面不同层次中的Ca/Mg比值有着随深度加深而降低的趋势;由于Ca的植物返还率较Mg高,同一土壤类型中Ca/Mg比值的最大值出现在表土层,母质层中的Ca/Mg则相对稳定。对土壤Ca/Mg进行研究可以丰富土壤离子交换性能研究和土壤发生学特性研究的内容。

关键词：耕地土壤交换性钙交换性镁比值交换量植物返还率土壤发生学