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Distribution of Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass Along a Latitudinal Gradient in Farmlands of Songliao Plain,Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2008年第4期18卷 431-440页

作者： LIU Xiu-Mei LI Qi liang wen-ju JIANG Yong Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10004g （China）

Soil enzymes activities and microbial biomass have an important influence on nutrient cycling. The spatial distribution of soil enzymes activities and microbial biomass were examined along a latitudinal gradient in farmlands of Songliao Plain, Northeast China to assess the impact of climatic changes along the latitudinal transect on nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Top soils （0-20 cm depth） were sampled in fields at 7 locations from north （Hallun） to south （Dashiqiao） in the end of October 2005 after maize harvest. The contents of total C, N, and P, C/N, available N, and available P increased with the latitude. The activities of invertase and acid phosphatase, microbial biomass （MB） C and N, and MBC/MBN were significantly correlated with latitude （P 〈 0.05, r^2 = 0.198, 0.635, 0.558, 0.211 and 0.317, respectively）, that is, increasing with the latitude. Significant positive correlations （P 〈 0.05） were observed between invertase activity and the total N and available P, and between acid phosphatase activity and the total C, C/N, available N, total P and available P. The urease, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase activities were significantly correlated with the soil pH and electrical conductivity （EC）（P 〈 0.05）. MBC and MBN were positively correlated with the total C, C/N, and available P （P 〈 0.05）. The MBC/MBN ratio was positively correlated with the total C, total N, C/N, and available N （P 〈 0.05）. The spatial distribution of soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass resulted from the changes in soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and EC, partially owing to variations in temperature and rainfall along the latitudinal gradient.

关键词： farmlands hydrolases latitudinal gradient microbial biomass soil organic matter

Partial organic substitution weakens the negative effect of chemical fertilizer on soil micro-food webs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 3037-3050页

作者： LIU Han-wen ZHANG Xiao-ke ZHANG Gui-zong KOU Xin-chang liang wen-ju Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China School of Geographical Science Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024P.R.China

Soil biotic communities play vital roles in enhancing soil nutrient cycling and soil ***-term excessive nitrogen(N)application is disadvantageous to the stability of soil food webs and affects arable soil health and sustainable *** organic substitution is essential to improve soil health and alleviate the disadvantages of excessive chemical ***,the biological effects of various organic amendments on soil micro-food webs are poorly *** order to explore the effects of various organic amendments including stover,biochar and manure on soil micro-food webs(microbial and nematode communities),a field plot experiment with maize having five treatments viz.,100%urea(100%N),70%urea(70%N),70%urea plus stover(Stover),70%urea plus cattle manure(Manure)and 70%urea plus biochar(Biochar)was *** treatment increased the carbon(C)to N use efficiency of soil microbes,which contributed to the retention of soil C,while Biochar treatment elevated soil organic C(SOC)and soil p ***,Biochar treatment mitigated the negative effects of soil acidification on the soil micro-food web and reduced the abundance of plant ***,the biological effect of organic amendments was distinguished from chemical fertilization(100%N and 70%N)through principal co-ordinates *** relationships among soil properties,microbial and nematode biomass in the 100%N treatment were diminished in treatments where chemical fertilizer was *** bottom-up effects on soil food webs were observed in organic substitution *** conclusion,organic amendments improved soil fertility by regulating soil microbial and nematode communities in the cropland ecosystem,alleviated the negative effects of chemical fertilizer on the micro-food webs and controlled the trophic cascades among soil biota.

关键词： microbial community nematode community soil micro-food webs organic substitution chemical fertilizer soil health

Nematode Diversity in Phaeozem Agroecosystems of Northeast China

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 597-605页

作者： LI Qi JIANG Yong liang wen-ju WANG He JIANG Si-Wei Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 (China) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081(China)

The diversity and distribution patterns of soil nematode communities in phaeozem agroecosystems of Northeast China were assessed to evaluate nematode taxonomic diversity and functional diversity in relation to climatic condition and soil characteristics in human modified landscape. Along the latitudinal gradient, soil samples were collected from north （Hailun） to south （Gongzhuling） down to a depth of 100 cm with intervals of 030, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm. The nematode abundance and taxonomic diversity （generic richness） were lower at Hailun than at other sites, and higher values of evenness were observed at Hailun and Harbin than at Dehui and Gongzhuling. Nematode faunal analysis revealed that soil food web at Hailun was sueeessionally more mature or structured, and the environment little disturbed, while at Harbin and Gongzhuling, the soil food web was degraded with stressed environment. The environmental variables relevant in explaining the patterns of nematode distribution and diversity in phaeozem agroecosystems, using canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）, were the mean annual temperature, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, mean annual precipitation, and other soil properties. Among these variables, the mean annual temperature was a relatively important factor, which could explain 29.05% of the variations in nematode composition.

关键词： agricultural disturbance canonical correspondence analysis maize field nematode faunal analysis soil biodiversity

PCR-DGGE Analysis of Nematode Diversity in Cu-Contaminated Soil

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 621-627页

作者： WANG Shi-Bin LI Qi liang wen-ju JIANG Yong JIANG Si-Wei Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 （China）.

A wheat pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to assess the effect of copper contamination on soil nematode diversity by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE） method and morphological analysis. The soil was treated with CuSO4.5H2O at the following concentrations： 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg^-1 dry soil, and the soil samples were collected at wheat jointing and ripening stages. Nematode diversity index （H′） from morphological analysis showed no difference between the control and the treated samples in either of the sampling dates. At the wheat ripening stage, nematode diversity obtained by the PCR-DGGE method decreased noticeably in the Cu800 treatment in comparison with the control. With optimization of the method of nematode DNA extraction, PCR-DGGE could give more information on nematode genera, and the intensity of the bands could reflect the abundance of nematode genera in the assemblage. The PCR-DGGE method proved promising in distinguishing nematode diversity in heavy metal coritaminated soil.

关键词： copper contamination morphological analysis nematode diversity PCR-DGGE

Response of Nematodes in a Hapli-Udic Argosol to Urea Amended with Urease and Nitrification Inhibitors

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 428-434页

作者： HUA Jian-Feng JIANG Yong liang wen-ju Soil Ecology Laboratory Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China）

Effects of urea amended with urease and nitrification inhibitors on soil nematode communities were studied in a Hapli- Udic Argosol （Cambisol, FAO） in Liaoning Province of Northeast China. A completely random design with four treatments, i.e., conventional urea （CU）, slow-release urea amended with a liquid urease inhibitor （SRU1）, SRU1 ＋nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide （SRU2）, and SRU1 ＋ nitrification inhibitor 3,5-dimethylpyrazole （SRU3） and four replicates were applied. Thirty-nine genera of nematodes were identified, with Cephalobus and Aphelenchus being dominant; and in all treatments, the dominant trophic group was bacterivores. In addition, during the growth period of spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, soil urease activity was lower in SRUs than in CU. The numbers of total nematodes and bacterivores at wheat heading and ripening stages, and omnivores-predators at ripening stage were higher in SUR3 than in CU, SRU1 and SRU2 （P 〈 0.05）.

关键词： Hapli-Udic Argosol nitrification inhibitor slow-release urea soil nematodes urease inhibitor

Soil Nematode Response to Biochar Addition in a Chinese Wheat Field

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 98-103页

作者： ZHANG Xiao-Ke LI Qi liang wen-ju ZHANG Min BAO Xue-Lian XIE Zu-Bin State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

While studies have focused on the use of biochar as soil amendment, little attention has been paid to its effect on soil fauna. The biochar was produced from slow pyrolysis of wheat straw in the present study. Four treatments, no addition (CK) and three rates of biochar addition at 2 400 (B1), 12 000 (B5) and 48 000 kg ha-1 (B20), were investigated to assess the effect of biochar addition to soil on nematode abundance and diversity in a microcosm trial in China. The B5 and B20 application significantly increased the total organic carbon and the C/N ratio. No significant difference in total nematode abundance was found among the treatments. The biochar addition to the soil significantly increased the abundance of fungivores, and decreased that of plant parasites. The diversity of soil nematodes was significantly increased by B1 compared to CK. Nematode trophic groups were more effectively indicative to biochar addition than total abundance.

关键词： diversity ecological indices microcosm trial nematode community trophic groups

Nematode Faunal Response to Grassland Degradation in Horqin Sandy Land

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Pedosphere 2007年第5期17卷 611-618页

作者： liang wen-ju ZHONG Shuang HUA Jian-Feng CAO Cheng-You JIANG Yong Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 （China） Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

The responses of soil nematode communities to grassland degradation were studied under undegraded grassland (UG), degraded grassland (DG),and improved grassland (IG),in Horqin Sandy Land,Inner Mongolia,Northeast *** samples were collected at depths of 0-10,10-20,and 20-30 *** organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited positive effects on the total number of nematodes and trophic *** treatment effects were found in the total number of nematodes,plant parasites,and *** taken in the improved grassland could improve the number of omnivore-predators,especially in the deeper soil *** richness was lower in the DG treatment than in the IG and UG *** food web structure index (SI) was significantly higher in the UG and IG treatments than in the DG treatment.A higher SI suggested a food web with more trophic linkages and relatively healthy ecosystems.

关键词： functional groups grassland degradation Horqin Sandy Land soil nematodes

Rice Yield and Water Use as Affected by Soil Management Practices

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Pedosphere 2004年第3期14卷 331-337页

作者： WANGXiao-Ying[ XIEHong-Tu liangwen-ju wenDa-Zhong KeyLaboratoryofTerrestrialEcologicalProcess InstituteofAppliedEcolo9yChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016（China） GraduateSchooloftheChineseAcademyofSciences Beijing100039（China）

A field experiment was conducted at the Shenyang Experimental Station ofEcology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, to study the effects of soil management practices on water useand rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in an aquic brown soil during 2001 and 2002. A completely randomexperimental design with three replications was employed, having four soil management practices astreatments, namely: an undisturbed plow layer (CK), a thin plastic film (TN), a thick plastic film(TI) and subsoil compacting (CP). Results indicated no significant differences among all treatmentsfor rice biomass and grain yields. Also, water consumption was about the same for treatments TN andCK, however the treatments TI and CP were much lower with more than 45% and 40% of the irrigationwater in the treatments TI and CP, respectively, saved each year compared to CK. Therefore, wateruse efficiency was higher in the treatments TI and CP. These results will provide a scientific basisfor the water-saving rice cultivation.

关键词： evapotranspiration percolation rice soil management water use efficiency

Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions Along the Altitudinal Gradient in Changbai Mountain,China

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 615-620页

作者： ZHANG Min ZHANG Xiao-Ke liang wen-ju JIANG Yong DAI Guan-Hua WANG Xu-Gao HAN Shi-Jie State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110164 (China) Vegetable Research Institute Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang 110161 (China) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

Understanding the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions to altitudinal gradient variation is important for understanding changes in the carbon balance of forest *** our study the SOC and its fractions of readily oxidizable carbon(ROC),water-soluble carbon(WSC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) in the soil organic and mineral horizons were investigated for four typical forest types,including mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest(MCB),dark coniferous spruce-fir forest(DCSF),dark coniferous spruce forest(DCS),and Ermans birch forest(EB),along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in Northeast *** results showed that there was no obvious altitudinal pattern in the *** variation trends of SOC with altitude were observed between the organic and mineral *** differences in the contents of SOC,WSC,MBC and ROC were found among the four forest types and between *** contents of ROC in the mineral horizon,WSC in the organic horizon and MBC in both horizons in the MCB and EB forests were significantly greater than those in either DCSF or DCS *** proportion of soil WSC to SOC was the lowest among the three main *** contents of WSC,MBC and ROC were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with SOC *** can be concluded that vegetation types and climate were crucial factors in regulating the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions in Changbai Mountain.

关键词： active carbon fractions altitude forest ecosystem Northeast China vegetation type