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Optimizing Fine-Tuning in Quantized Language Models:An In-Depth Analysis of Key Variables

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 307-325页

作者： Ao shen Zhiquan Lai Dongsheng li Xiaoyu Hu National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073China Strategic Assessments and Consultation Institute Academy of Military ScienceBeijing100091China

Large-scale Language Models(LLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing(NLP),driven by the pre-training and fine-tuning *** this approach allows models to specialize in specific tasks with reduced training costs,the substantial memory requirements during fine-tuning present a barrier to broader ***-Efficient Fine-Tuning(PEFT)techniques,such as Low-Rank Adaptation(LoRA),and parameter quantization methods have emerged as solutions to address these challenges by optimizing memory usage and computational *** these,QLoRA,which combines PEFT and quantization,has demonstrated notable success in reducing memory footprints during fine-tuning,prompting the development of various QLoRA *** these advancements,the quantitative impact of key variables on the fine-tuning performance of quantized LLMs remains *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of these key variables,focusing on their influence across different layer types and depths within LLM *** investigation uncovers several critical findings:(1)Larger layers,such as MLP layers,can maintain performance despite reductions in adapter rank,while smaller layers,like self-attention layers,aremore sensitive to such changes;(2)The effectiveness of balancing factors depends more on specific values rather than layer type or depth;(3)In quantization-aware fine-tuning,larger layers can effectively utilize smaller adapters,whereas smaller layers struggle to do *** insights suggest that layer type is a more significant determinant of fine-tuning success than layer depth when optimizing quantized ***,for the same discount of trainable parameters,reducing the trainable parameters in a larger layer is more effective in preserving fine-tuning accuracy than in a smaller *** study provides valuable guidance for more efficient fine-tuning strategies and opens avenues for further research into optimizing LLM

关键词： Large-scale Language Model Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning parameter quantization key variable trainable parameters experimental analysis

A Rapid Adaptation Approach for Dynamic Air‑Writing Recognition Using Wearable Wristbands with Self‑Supervised Contrastive Learning

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 417-431页

作者： Yunjian Guo Kunpeng li Wei Yue Nam‑Young Kim Yang li Guozhen shen Jong‑Chul Lee Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit(RFIC)Bio Centre Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea School of Microelectronics Shandong UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily *** existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple *** features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance *** wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist ***,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various *** system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and *** proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific *** utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.

关键词： Wearable wristband Self-supervised contrastive learning Dynamic gesture Air-writing Human-machine interaction

Investigation of bubbles escape behavior from low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels using 3D X-ray microscope

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 102-110页

作者： Qiang liu Xiang li shen Du Ming Gao Yanbin Yin Jiongming Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

During the continuous casting process of high-Mn high-Al steels,various types of gases such as Ar need to escape through the top of the *** which,the behavior of bubbles traversing the liquid slag serves as a restrictive link,closely associated with viscosity and the thickness of liquid *** contrast to two-dimensional surface observation,three-dimensional(3D)analysis method can offer a more intuitive,accurate,and comprehensive ***,this study employs a 3D X-ray microscope(3D-XRM)to obtained spatial distribution and 3D morphological characteristics of residual bubbles in mold flux under different basicity of liquid slag,different temperatures,and different holding *** results indicate that as basicity of slag increases from 0.52 to 1.03,temperature increases from 1423 to 1573 K,the viscosity of slag decreases,the floating rate of bubbles *** addition,when holding time increases from 10 to 30 s,the bubbles floating distance increases,and the volume fraction and average equivalent sphere diameter of the bubbles solidified in the mold flux gradually *** one word,increasing the basicity,temperature,and holding time leading to an increase in the removal rate of bubbles especially for the *** findings of bubbles escape behavior provide valuable insights into optimizing low basicity mold flux for high-Mn high-Al steels.

关键词： mold flux low basicity bubbles three-dimensional X-ray microscope viscosity

Potential role and therapeutic implications of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 613-631页

作者： Yanxin shen Guimei Zhang Chunxiao Wei Panpan Zhao Yongchun Wang Mingxi li li Sun Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Cognitive Impairment Center Department of NeurologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityJilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Alzheimer's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis. Despite extensive research, a cure for Alzheimer's disease has not yet been found. Oxidative stress mediates excessive oxidative responses, and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis as a primary or secondary pathological event is widely accepted. As a member of the selenium-containing antioxidant enzyme family, glutathione peroxidase 4 reduces esterified phospholipid hydroperoxides to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. With the discovery of ferroptosis, the central role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in anti-lipid peroxidation in several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, has received widespread attention. Increasing evidence suggests that glutathione peroxidase 4 expression is inhibited in the Alzheimer's disease brain, resulting in oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and apoptosis, which are closely associated with pathological damage in Alzheimer's disease. Several therapeutic approaches, such as small molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological treatments, ameliorate pathological damage and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and enhancing glutathione peroxidase 4 activity. Therefore, glutathione peroxidase 4 upregulation may be a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides an overview of the gene structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of glutathione peroxidase 4, a discussion on the important role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in pathological events closely related to Alzheimer's disease, and a summary of the advances in small-molecule drugs, natural plant products, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting glutathione peroxidase 4 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Most prior studies on this subject used animal models, and relevant clinical studies are lacking. Future clinica

关键词： apoptosis ferroptosis inflammation lipid peroxidation natural plant products neurodegenerative disorder neuroprotection oxidative stress small-molecule drugs

Photo‑Energized MoS_(2)/CNT Cathode for High‑Performance li–CO_(2)Batteries in a Wide‑Temperature Range

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 160-175页

作者： Tingsong Hu Wenyi lian Kang Hu Qiuju li Xueliang Cui Tengyu Yao Laifa shen Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Storage College of Materials Science and TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016People’s Republic of China

li–CO_(2) batteries are considered promising energy storage systems in extreme environments such as Mars;however,severe performance degradation will occur at a subzero temperature owning to the sluggish reaction ***,a photo-energized strategy adopting sustainable solar energy in wide working temperature range li–CO_(2) battery was achieved with a binder-free MoS_(2)/carbon nanotube(CNT)photo-electrode as *** unique layered structure and excellent photoelectric properties of MoS_(2) facilitate the abundant generation and rapid transfer of photo-excited carriers,which accelerate the CO_(2) reduction and li_(2)CO_(3) decomposition upon *** illuminated battery at room temperature exhibited high discharge voltage of 2.95 V and mitigated charge voltage of 3.27 V,attaining superior energy efficiency of 90.2%and excellent cycling stability of over 120 *** at an extremely low temperature of−30℃,the battery with same electrolyte can still deliver a small polarization of 0.45 V by the photoelectric and photothermal synergistic mechanism of MoS_(2)/CNT *** work demonstrates the promising potential of the photo-energized wide working temperature range li–CO_(2) battery in addressing the obstacle of charge overpotential and energy efficiency.

关键词： li-CO_(2)batteries Photo-energized Wide operation-temperature Kinetics MoS_(2)

Performance Analysis of a Coupled System based on Organic Rankine Cycle and Double Effect Absorption Refrigeration for Waste Heat Recovery in Data Center

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 188-205页

作者： li Peng XU Jiaqi WANG Binbin liU Jianyang ZHAO Wensheng han Zhonghe School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology North China Electric Power University

During data center operation,it generates a significant volume of low-grade waste *** recover waste heat,a coupled system including solar collector,double effect absorption refrigeration and organic Rankine cycle is *** system performance is analyzed in *** the organic Rankine cycle,five organic working fluids(R245fa,R245ca,R123,R11,and R113) are selected.R245fa,R113 and R245ca obtain the maximum net power output,thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency,*** the double effect absorption refrigeration system,the evaporation temperature,condensation temperature,and generation pressure affect the COP and exergy *** the generator pressure is unchanged,the COP increases with increasing evaporation temperature and decreasing condensation *** the COP reaches 1.3,the COP slightly decreases as the evaporation temperature or condensation temperature ***,the exergy efficiency of refrigeration systems exhibits the same trend as the COP,and the exergy efficiency maximum value appears at approximately 0.32.A new performance indicator,rPUE,was defined to evaluate the data center power utilization *** flow distribution ratio and heat source temperature were optimized with multi-objective *** the mass flow distribution rate is 0.6 and the heat source temperature is 441.5 K,rPUE and the total unit production costs of the system obtain the optimal solution.

关键词： Exergy

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玉米收储制度改革后出现的新问题与解决对策

经济纵横 2018年第4期 113-118页

作者：李娟娟黎涵沈淘淘东北师范大学经济学院吉林长春130117

玉米收储制度改革两年来,在玉米市场价格机制形成、种植结构调整优化、收购主体多元化及玉米产业链激活等方面取得了显著成效。但在改革后也出现了一些新的问题。如,小农户种植结构调整困难,规模化经营进程放缓,玉米加工业出现产能过剩... 详细信息

玉米收储制度改革两年来,在玉米市场价格机制形成、种植结构调整优化、收购主体多元化及玉米产业链激活等方面取得了显著成效。但在改革后也出现了一些新的问题。如,小农户种植结构调整困难,规模化经营进程放缓,玉米加工业出现产能过剩问题,农民玉米种植收益有所下降,生产者补贴引发一些新矛盾。对此,应采取综合激励措施引导农民调整优化种植结构,完善农业社会化服务体系以推进规模经营,延伸玉米产业链以化解产能过剩风险,明确补贴功能定位并健全补贴制度,同时在宏观层面构建与改革相适应的粮食调控体系。

关键词：玉米收储政策种植结构生产者补贴规模经营

Microstructural evolution during the progressive transformation-induced plasticity effect in a Fe-0.1C-5Mnmedium manganese steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 369-379页

作者： Mei Zhang Wenhao li Yangfei Chen Yang Jiang Xiaofei Guo han Dong School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile ***-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation *** findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image *** results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of *** small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier *** volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to *** the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.

关键词： medium-Mn steel retained austenite progressive transformation-induced plasticity effect local strain fracture initiation

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零行列式策略在雪堆博弈中的演化

物理学报 2017年第18期66卷 22-30页

作者：王俊芳郭进利刘瀚沈爱忠上海理工大学管理学院上海200093 华北水利水电大学数学与统计学院郑州450046 西京学院商贸技术系西安710123

零行列式策略不仅可以单方面设置对手收益,而且可以对双方的收益施加一个线性关系,从而达到敲诈对手的目的.本文针对零行列式策略博弈前期与稳态期的收益存在偏差,基于Markov链理论给出零行列式策略与全合作策略博弈的瞬态分布、瞬态收... 详细信息

零行列式策略不仅可以单方面设置对手收益,而且可以对双方的收益施加一个线性关系,从而达到敲诈对手的目的.本文针对零行列式策略博弈前期与稳态期的收益存在偏差,基于Markov链理论给出零行列式策略与全合作策略博弈的瞬态分布、瞬态收益及达到稳态所需时间.发现在小的敲诈因子下,敲诈者前期收益高于稳态期收益,敲诈因子较大时,情况截然相反,并且敲诈因子越大,越不利于双方合作,达到稳态也越慢.这为现实生活中频繁更新策略的博弈提供了一种计算实时收益的方法.此外针对敲诈策略与进化人的博弈,论证了双方均背叛状态下,进化人下次博弈时一定进化为全合作策略.通过对所有状态下策略更新过程仿真,发现进化人在四种情况下的进化速度有显著差异,并最终演化为全合作策略,表明零行列式策略是合作产生的催化剂.

关键词：零行列式策略雪堆博弈稳态分布瞬态收益