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A regularization algorithm of dynamic light scattering for estimating the particle size distribution of dual-substance mixture in water

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 246-257页

作者： Yanghong Wang Ziqiang Meng Zipei Zhang min Xia li Xia Wei li School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a nondestructive,well-established technique for the size characterization of proteins,nanoparticles,polymers,and colloidal ***,current DLS techniques are only applied to particle groups of single composition due to the limitation of their inversion *** this study,we propose a particle size distribution inversion algorithm based on the Tikhnonov regularization method that can be applied to the dual-substance particle *** algorithm retrieves the particle size distributions of two substances,respectively,by taking advantage of their refractive index *** simulation results reveal that the algorithm has excellent accuracy and stability when the scattering angle is 30°.Instead of the original identity matrix,the first-order difference matrix and second-order difference matrix are used as the regular matrix when utilizing the Tikhnonov algorithm,which obviously improves the anti-interference,accuracy,and stability of the ***,the inversion of particle size distribution is carried out at a 0.01%–1%noise level,which shows that the algorithm has an available antinoise ***,experimental particle size measurements for a mixture of polystyrene beads and toner particles demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional Tikhnonov algorithm in applicability and accuracy.

关键词： Dynamic light scattering Dual-substance mixture Particle sized istribution Tikhnonov regularization

Graph neural network based approach Che upo to automatically assigning common weakness enumeration identifiers for vulnerabilities

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Cybersecurity 2024年第3期7卷 1-15页

作者： Peng liu Wenzhe Ye Haiying duan Xianxian li Shuyi Zhang Chuanjian Yao Yongnan li Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology Ministry of EducationGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China School of Software Beihang UniversityBeijing 100000China School of National Security People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 1000000China Guangxi Key Lab of Multi-Source Information mining and Security Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004China

Vulnerability reports are essential for improving software security since they record key information on *** a report,CWE denotes the weakness of the vulnerability and thus helps quickly understand the cause of the ***,CWE assignment is useful for categorizing newly discovered *** this paper,we propose an automatic CwE assignment method with graph neural ***,we prepare a dataset that contains 3394 real world vulnerabilities from linux,OpenSSL,Wireshark and many other software ***,we extract state-ments with vulnerability syntax features from these vulnerabilities and use program slicing to slice them according to the categories of syntax *** top of slices,we represent these slices with graphs that characterize the data dependency and control dependency between ***,we employ the graph neural networks to learn the hidden information from these graphs and leverage the Siamese network to compute the similarity between vulnerability functions,thereby assigning CWE IDs for these *** experimental results show that the proposed method is effective compared to existing methods.

关键词： Vulnerability categorization CWE Graph representation GNN

High nitrogen fertilizer input enhanced the microbial network complexity in the paddy soil

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第2期6卷 97-109页

作者： Yanan Chen Yan li Tianyi Qiu Haoran He Ji liu Chengjiao duan Yongxing Cui min Huang Chunyan Wu linchuan Fang The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYangling712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MWRYangling712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Hubei Province Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China Department of Ecohydrology Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland FisheriesBerlin12587Germany Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an710061China

N fertilizer altered bacterial community compositions by changing soil nutrients.•Bacterial ammonia oxidation became predominated with the increasing N rate.•Excessive N input caused the information of a more complex microbial network.•Intensified microbial competition by excessive N was due to negative link ***(N)fertilization drives the structure and function of soil microbial communities,which are crucial for regulating soil biogeochemical cycling and maintaining ecosystem *** the N fertilizer effects on soil microbial composition and diversity have been widely investigated,it is generally overlooked that ecosystem processes are carried out via complex associations among microbiome ***,we examined the effects of five N fertilization levels(0,135,180,225,and 360 kg N ha−1)on microbial co-occurrence networks and key functional taxa such as ammonia-oxidizers in paddy *** results showed that N addition altered microbial community composition,which were positively related to soil total N and available phosphorus(P)*** abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)significantly decreased after N addition,whereas ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)increased in N360 *** with low-N group(N0 and N135),the high-N group(N225 and N360)shaped more complex microbial webs and thus improved the stability of the microbial *** least squares path modeling further revealed that N fertilizer had a higher effect on microbial network complexity in the high-N group(0.83)than the low-N group(0.49).Although there were more positive links across all microbial networks,the proportion of negative links significantly increased in the high-N network,suggesting that excess N addition aggravated the competition among microbial *** these interactions between microbial communities and N fertilization advances our understanding of biogeochemical processes in paddy soils and their effects on nutrient supply to

关键词： nitrogen fertilizer paddy soil co-occurrence network microbial interaction

Local tetragonal distortion of Pt alloy catalysts for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 41-52页

作者： Xiaoke li Xiao duan Kang Hua Yongkang Wu Zhiyan Rui Rui Ding Aidong li Chen Ouyang Jia li Ting li Jianguo liu National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjingChina Long-life Fuel Cell Key Laboratory in Sichuan Province Dongfang Electric(Chengdu)Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co.Ltd.ChengduChina Institute of Energy Power Innovation North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina

Platinum-based alloy nanoparticles are the most attractive catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction at present,but an in-depth understanding of the relationship between their short-range structural information and catalytic performance is still ***,we present a synthetic strategy that uses transition-metal oxide-assisted thermal ***/C catalysts with localized tetragonal distortion were obtained by controlling the thermal diffusion process of transition-metal *** localized structural distortion induced a significant strain effect on the nanoparticle surface,which further shortened the length of the Pt-Pt bond,improved the electronic state of the Pt surface,and enhanced the performance of the ***/C catalysts with special short-range structures achieved excellent mass activity(2.27 Amg_(Pt)^(-1))and specific activity(3.34 A cm^(-2)).In addition,the localized tetragonal distortion-induced surface compression of the Pt skin improved the stability of the *** mass activity decreased by only 13%after 30,000 *** catalyst activity and excellent durability have also been demonstrated in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell *** study provides valuable insights into the development of advanced Pt-based nanocatalysts and paves the way for reducing noble-metal loading and increasing the catalytic activity and catalyst stability.

关键词： electrocatalysts fuel cells local tetragonal distortion oxygen reduction

A case study of continental shelf waves in the northwestern South China Sea induced by winter storms in 2021

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第1期43卷 59-69页

作者： Junyi li Chen Zhou min li Quanan Zheng mingming li lingling Xie Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction College of Ocean and MeteorologyGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environments in Continent Shelf Sea and Deep OceanDepartment of Education of Guangdong ProvinceZhanjiang 524088China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA

This study aims to investigate characteristics of continental shelf wave(CSW)on the northwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea(SCS)induced by winter storms in *** and cruise observations,tidal gauge data at stations Hong Kong,Zhapo and Qinglan and sea surface wind data from January 1 to February 28,2021 are used to examine the relationship between along-shelf wind and sea level *** events of CSWs driven by the along-shelf sea surface wind are detected from wavelet spectra of tidal gauge *** signals are triply peaked at periods of 56 h,94 h and 180 h,propagating along the coast with phase speed ranging from 6.9 m/s to18.9 m/*** dispersion relation shows their property of the Kelvin mode of *** develop a simple method to estimate amplitude of sea surface fluctuation by along-shelf *** results are comparable with the observation data,suggesting it is *** mode 2 CSWs fits very well with the mooring current velocity *** results from rare current help to understand wave-current interaction in the northwestern SCS.

关键词： continental shelf waves Ekman transport Kelvin mode wavelet analysis northwestern South China Sea

Five-view three-dimensional reconstructionfor ultrafast dynamic imaging of pulsedradiation sources

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 63-73页

作者： Jianpeng Gao liang Sheng Xinyi Wang Yanhong Zhang liang li Baojun duan Mei Zhang Yang li Dongwei Hei Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an 710024China

Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of thepulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed tomography3D imaging. As a consequence, projection data that can be used for computed tomography image reconstruction at a certain moment are oftenavailable for only a few angles. Traditional algorithms employed in the process of reconstructing 3D images with extremely incomplete datamay introduce significant distortions and artifacts into the final image. In this paper, we propose an iterative image reconstruction methodusing cylindrical harmonic decomposition and a self-supervised denoising network algorithm based on the deep image prior method. Weaugment the prior information with a 2D total variation prior and a 3D deep image prior. Single-wire Z-pinch imaging experiments have beencarried out at Qin-1 facility in five views and four frames, with a time resolution of 3 ns for each frame and a time interval of 40 ns betweenadjacent frames. Both numerical simulations and experiments verify that our proposed algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstructionresults and obtain the 3D intensity distribution and evolution of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission from plasma.

关键词： frames image sources

Insights into Nano-and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 187-230页

作者： Jiajia Qiu Yu duan Shaoyuan li Huaping Zhao Wenhui Ma Weidong Shi Yong Lei Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik Institut Für Physik and IMN MacroNanoTechnische Universit.t Ilmenau98693 IlmenauGermany Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People’s Republic of China School of Science and Technology Pu’er UniversityPu’er 665000People’s Republic of China

Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness *** to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance *** emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main ***,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source *** review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this ***,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.

关键词： Nano-and micro-structured Interconnected porous Scaffolds Electrode design Electrochemical energy storage

Particle distributions in Lamb wave based acoustofluidics

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2024年第2期7卷 60-68页

作者： Chuanchao Zhang Xian Chen Wei Wei Xuejiao Chen Quanning li Xuexin duan Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China

Acoustic streaming enabled by a Lamb wave resonator(LWR)is efficient for particle trapping and enrichment in microfluidic ***,because Lamb waves combine the features of bulk acoustic waves and surface acoustic waves,the resulting acoustic streaming in the LWR occurs in multiple planes,and the particle flow behavior in this acoustofluidic system is largely *** here are numerical simulations and laboratory experiments conducted to investigate the boundary conditions for particle motion inside a microvortex induced by an *** dynamic capture,the particles’trajectories become orbital paths within an acoustic *** suspended particles encounter two distinct acoustic phenomena,i.e.,the drag force resulting from acoustic streaming and the acoustic radiation force,which exert forces in various directions on the *** the acoustic radiation force and the fluid drag force are dominant for large and small particles in a mixed solution,respectively,the large particles reside within the vortex while the small particles remain at its ***,when the acoustic radiation force is dominant for both types of particles,the distribution pattern is reversed.

关键词： Acoustofluidics Lamb wave resonator Particle manipulation Microvortex

Computing-aware network (CAN): a systematic design of computing and network convergence

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第5期25卷 633-644页

作者： Xiaoyun WANG Xiaodong duan Kehan YAO Tao SUN Peng liU Hongwei YANG Zhiqiang li China Mobile Communications Corporation Beijing 100032China China Mobile Research Institute Beijing 100053China

The coverage of network resources is increasingly extensive,and computing resources have likewise gradually become fundamental infrastructures,providing ubiquitous computing ***,in wide area networks(WANs),the underlying network and computing resources are not closely investigated or co-designed,and there are still problems reflected in slow computing service scheduling,inflexible data distribution,and inefficient data transmission.

关键词： computing network service