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4D Printing:History and Recent Progress

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第5期36卷 563-575页

作者： Jing-Jun Wu li-mei huang Qian Zhao Tao Xie State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University

4D printing has attracted great interest since the concept was introduced in 2012. The past 5 years have witnessed rapid advances in both 4D printing processes and materials. Unlike 3D printing, 4D printing allows the printed part to change its shape and function with time in response to change in external conditions such as temperature, light, electricity, and water. In this review, we first overview the history of 4D printing and discuss its definition. We then summarize recent technological advances in 4D printing with focuses on methods, materials, and their intrinsic links. Finally, we discuss potential applications and offer perspectives for this exciting new field.

关键词： 4D printing Shape memory polymer Hydrogel Multi-material structure Single-material structure

Effects of huangqi and bear bile on recurrent parotitis in children:a new clinical approach

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第3期14卷 253-258页

作者： Wen-hua RUAN mei-li huang Xiao-lei HE Feng ZHANG Hai-biao TAO Department of Stomatology Children's HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Department of Otolaryngology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University Department of Stomatology Lishui People's Hospital

Objective:To evaluate the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine,bear bile capsule and huangqi granule,on recurrent parotitis in ***:In this prospective,controlled,and randomized study,a total of 151 young children were divided into three groups:Group A included massaging the children's parotid region and melting vitamin C in their mouth daily;Group B included swallowing bear bile capsule and huangqi granule daily;and Group C included massages and vitamin C as prescribed in Group A,and traditional Chinese medicine as prescribed in Group *** were treated individually for one month and then a follow-up study was conducted for 1 to 3.5 *** of variance(ANOVA) and Ridit analysis were employed for statistical ***:The recurrence rate decreased in every group,but was significantly more in Groups B and C when compared to Group *** recurrences significantly decreased(Phuangqi and bear bile could be a novel clinical approach for treating recurrent parotitis in children.

关键词： Juvenile recurrent parotitis Therapy Pediatrics Traditional Chinese medicine Prospective study

STUDIES ON THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF NONELECTROLYTES IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS——Ⅱ. THE EFFECTS OF SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS ON THE SOLUBIliTIES OF NAPHTHALENE IN WATER

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化学学报 1958年第2期 183-186页

作者： li CHOH-mei and huang TZU-CHING (TZU-CHING huang) (Department of Chemistry, Peking University)

On the assumption that the salt effect （salting-out or salting-in） representsthe balance of the electrostatic effect between the ion and the water dipole andthe dispersion effect between ion and nonelectrolyte molecule, the solubilitiesof n-valeric acid in five cobaltammimes were studied and reported in article Ⅰof this series. In the present investigation the activity coefficients of naph-thalene in two series of salts are determined spectrophotometrically. The firstseries consists of seven sodium salts of fatty acids （sodium formate to sodiumn-heptylate）, differing from one another only by the number of CHgroups inthe anions. The second series consists of ammonium bromide and three tetra-

关键词： THE EFFECTS OF SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS ON THE SOLUBIliTIES OF NAPHTHALENE IN WATER STUDIES ON THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF NONELECTROLYTES IN AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF AIR SEPARATION OF liQUID CRYSTALliNE TRIHEPTYL CELLULOSE/ETHYL CELLULOSE MEMBRANES

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1993年第9期4卷 833-836页

作者： Xin Gul li mei Rong huang Gang liN Center of Membrane Separation Engineering,Department of Textite Chemical Engineering,Tianjin Institute of Textile Science and Technology,Tianjin 300160

Triheptyl cellulose/ethyl cellulose(3/97)binary blend membranes were prepared from tetrahydrofuran,chloroform and dichloromethane solutions and their air separation capabit- ities were studied at different *** increasing temperature from 25 to 85℃,the flux QOEA of O_2-enriched air(OEA),O_2 permselectivity and the O_2 concentration Yo_2 in the OEA all *** membranes show a unique trend in their Yo_2～QOEA relationship,that is,the air separation capability increases simultaneously with the OEA permeation *** magnitudes of QOEA and Yo_2 for 17μm-thick membrane after the testg time of 36hours at 70℃ are 5×10^(-4)cm^3 (STP)/s·cm^2 and 37.6%,*** air separation capability depends slightly on membrane forming solvents.

关键词： OEA EC TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF AIR SEPARATION OF liQUID CRYSTALliNE TRIHEPTYL CELLULOSE/ETHYL CELLULOSE MEMBRANES THF QoE ASF THC

LYOTROPIC AND THERMOTROPIC liQUID CRYSTALL INE TRIALKYL CELLULOSES OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM CELLULOSE ACETATE IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1992年第7期3卷 573-576页

作者： Xin Gui li, and mei Rong huang~1 Institute of Membrane Separation Engineering, ~1Department of Textile Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Textite Science and Technology, Tianjin 300160

Highly substituted n-atkyl celluloses with sidechains 3 to 10 carbon atoms long have been prepared from cellulose acetate, sodium hydroxide and n-alkyl bromides with dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. Synthetic conditions of n-alkyl celluloses were studied with respect to reaction temperature, time and yield. The molecular structure of the n-alkyl celluloses, which were obtained as white powders or as sticky, soft and birefringent solids at room temperature, was investigated by IR and NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The highly substituted n-alkyl celluloses all exhibited both therotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline cholesteric phases in some non-polar solvents. The metting behavior and solubility of the n-alkyl celluloses were examined.

关键词： LYOTROPIC AND THERMOTROPIC liQUID CRYSTALL INE TRIALKYL CELLULOSES OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM CELLULOSE ACETATE IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE

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双稳系统的随机能量共振和作功效率

物理学报 2011年第8期60卷 104-109页

作者：林敏张美丽黄咏梅中国计量学院计量测试工程学院杭州310018

分析了处于双稳系统中的布朗粒子与外界的周期性外力和热随机力的功、热交互作用,建立了基于Langevin方程的随机能量平衡方程.围绕着受周期力、随机力和阻尼力共同作用的Langevin方程,采用动力学和非平衡热力学相结合的方法,从以"力"为... 详细信息

分析了处于双稳系统中的布朗粒子与外界的周期性外力和热随机力的功、热交互作用,建立了基于Langevin方程的随机能量平衡方程.围绕着受周期力、随机力和阻尼力共同作用的Langevin方程,采用动力学和非平衡热力学相结合的方法,从以"力"为立足点转到以"能量"为研究核心,深入分析了布朗粒子沿单一轨线运动时系统与环境之间的能量交换和作功效率,揭示了双稳系统的随机能量共振现象.

关键词：双稳系统随机能量共振作功效率

Microstructural evolution during the progressive transformation-induced plasticity effect in a Fe-0.1C-5Mnmedium manganese steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 369-379页

作者： mei Zhang Wenhao li Yangfei Chen Yang Jiang Xiaofei Guo Han Dong School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

The microstructural evolution of a cold-rolled and intercritical annealed medium-Mn steel(Fe-0.10C-5Mn)was investigated during uniaxial tensile ***-situ observations under scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction analysis were conducted to characterize the progressive transformation-induced plasticity process and associated fracture initiation *** findings were discussed with the local strain measurements via digital image *** results indicated that Lüders band formation in the steel was limited to 1.5%strain,which was mainly due to the early-stage martensitic phase transformation of a very small amount of the less stable large-sized retained austenite(RA),which led to localized stress concentrations and strain hardening and further retardation of *** small-sized RA exhibited high stability and progressively transformed into martensite and contributed to a stably extended Portevin-Le Chatelier *** volume fraction of RA gradually decreased from 26.8%to 8.2%prior to *** the late deformation stage,fracture initiation primarily occurred at the austenite/martensite and ferrite/martensite interfaces and the ferrite phase.

关键词： medium-Mn steel retained austenite progressive transformation-induced plasticity effect local strain fracture initiation

MixerKT:A Knowledge Tracing Model Based on Pure MLP Architecture

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 485-498页

作者： Jun Wang Mingjie Wang Zijie li Ken Chen Jiatian mei Shu Zhang Key Laboratory of Education Informatization for Nationalities Ministry of EducationYunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Smart Education Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China

In the field of intelligent education,the integration of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning technologies,has garnered significant *** tracing(KT)plays a pivotal role in this field by predicting students’future performance through the analysis of historical interaction data,thereby assisting educators in evaluating knowledgemastery and tailoring instructional *** knowledge tracingmethods,largely based on Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)and Transformer models,primarily focus on capturing long-term interaction patterns in sequential ***,these models may neglect crucial short-term dynamics and other relevant *** paper introduces a novel approach to knowledge tracing by leveraging a pure Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)*** proposeMixerKT,a knowledge tracing model based on theHyperMixer framework,which uniquely integrates global and localMixer feature *** architecture enables more effective extraction of both long-terminteraction trends and recent learning behaviors,addressing limitations in currentmodels thatmay overlook these key *** evaluations on twowidely-used datasets,ASSIS Tments2009 and Algebra2005,demonstrate that MixerKT consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art models,including DKT,SAKT,and Separated Self-Attentive Neural Knowledge Tracing(SAINT).Specifically,MixerKT achieves higher prediction accuracy,highlighting its effectiveness in capturing the nuances of learners’knowledge *** results indicate that our model provides a more comprehensive representation of student learning patterns,enhancing the ability to predict future performance with greater precision.

关键词： Knowledge tracing multilayer perceptron channel mixer sequence mixer

Experimental Study on Diesel Spray and Flame Asymmetry Characteristics of Dual-Orifice Nozzles for a Medium-Speed Engine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 303-322页

作者： JU Dehao liU Rui ZHENG liang DENG Jiahui ZHANG Wenzheng HUO Jinlu huang li Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University

The asymmetry of the multi-orifice spray will cause uneven heat load of the marine diesel engine,thereby affecting its working performance and service ***,an in-depth understanding of the spray and flame characteristics of multi-orifice nozzles will guide the optimization of the nozzle structure,needle design and diesel atomization and combustion *** this reason,four groups of dual-orifice nozzles with different hole diameters(0.1-0.55 mm) and mass flow rates covering the typical marine medium-speed diesel injections are designed and customized,and the constant volume chamber(CVC) with high temperature and pressure is used to simulate the actual in-cylinder working conditions of the diesel engine for the spray visualization *** study the asymmetry of the fuel sprays discharged from a diesel injector,the multi-orifice nozzle is simplified as a dual-orifice nozzle in this *** with X-ray Computed Tomography(CT) imaging technology,the influences of the nozzle internal structure on the spray and flame asymmetry are studied in the constructed supercritical *** is found that the asymmetry of the inlet angle and the equivalent length-diameter ratio is positively correlated with the inconsistency of the dual *** an increase in the injection pressure and nozzle diameter,the asymmetry of the dual spray becomes more pronounced,resulting in greater disparities in the ignition delay times and ignition positions of the two ***,the increase in nozzle diameter also leads to combustion instability,resulting in a flame with a serrated *** the increase of ambient temperature,the proportion of liquid phase in the jet decreases and the relative density of spray front decreases.

关键词： atomization dual-orifice nozzle nozzle structure spray flame asymmetry