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A Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on the Wake Characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 145-158页

作者： GUO Xingduo li Yinran li rennian MA Yulong WEI Kui College of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines

The characteristics of wind turbine wakes are influenced by multiple factors,including the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) wind and wind turbine operating conditions(e.g.,tip speed ratio and yaw angle).In this study,two types of ABL winds with different velocity gradients and turbulence intensities are generated in a wind tunnel through configurations of spires,baffles,and various numbers of roughness elements.A wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 0.8 m and a hub height of 0.6 m is tested under varying tip speed ratios,yaw angles,and ABL wind *** results indicate that the streamwise velocity deficit in the near-wake region becomes more pronounced with an increase in the tip speed ratio,while the far-wake velocity deficit remains largely unaffected by changes in the tip speed *** the yaw angle increases,the wake deflection becomes more prominent and the wake narrows;the offset of the wake center at various downstream positions grows linearly,reaching a maximum value of approximately half the rotor ***,the turbulence level and influence range in the wake region are reduced when the turbine is *** ABL wind conditions,high turbulence intensity in the incoming flow accelerates wake recovery,and the Reynolds stress at different lateral positions tends to become consistent with increasing longitudinal ***,turbulence has a significant impact on the meandering characteristics of the wind turbine wake,with greater fluctuations in the wake center observed under higher turbulence ***,this study provides insights that could inform the optimal operation of wind farms.

关键词： horizontal axis wind turbine turbulence wind tunnel experiment wind turbine wake

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Effects of the particle Stokes number on wind turbine airfoil erosion

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第5期39卷 639-652页

作者： Deshun li Zhenxi ZHAO Yinran li Qing WANG rennian li Ye li College of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and CivilShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Under natural conditions, wind turbines are inevitably eroded by the action of sand-wind flow. To further investigate the effects of dust drift on the erosion of the wind turbine blades in sand-wind environments~ the effects of the wind velocity, particle diameter, and particle density on the erosion of wind turbine airfoils are studied, and the effects of the particle Stokes number on the airfoil erosion are discussed. The results show that, when the angle of attack （AOA） is 6.1~, there will be no erosion on the airfoil surface if the particle Stokes number is lower than 0.013 5, whereas erosion will occur if the particle Stokes number is higher than 0.015 1. Therefore, there exists a critical range for the particle Stokes number. When the particle Stokes number is higher than the maximum value in the critical range, airfoil erosion will occur. The result is further confirmed by changing the particle diameter, particle density, and inflow speed. It is shown that the erosion area on the airfoil and the maximum erosion rate are almost equal under the same particle Stokes number and AOA. The extent of airfoil erosion increases when the particle Stokes number increases, and the critical particle Stokes number increases when the AOA increases. Moreover, the geometric shape of the airfoil pressure surface greatly affects the airfoil erosion, especially at the curvature near the leading edge.

关键词： wind turbine airfoil erosion Stokes number sand-wind environment

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Numerical Simulation of Wind Turbine Wake Characteristics in Uniform Inflow

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2016年第1期33卷 45-52页

作者： li rennian Ma Ruijie li Deshun li Yinran Wang Chengze School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050P.R.China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050P.R.China Key Laboratory of Fluid machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050P.R.China

Flow field around a two-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbine(HAWT)is simulated at various tip speed ratios to investigate its wake characteristics by analyzing the tip and root vortex trajectories in the nearwake,as well as the vertical profiles of the axial *** show that the pitch of the tip vortex varies inversely with the tip speed *** expansion of the tip vortices becomes more obvious as the tip speed ratio *** vortices shed not exactly from the blade tip but from the blade span of 96.5%—99%radius of the *** axial velocity profiles are transformed into V-shape from W-shape at the distance downstream of eight rotor diameters due to the momentum recovery.

关键词： horizontal-axis wind turbine(HAWT) wake characteristics tip speed ratio vortex trajectory

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Interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and a standalone wind turbine in Gansu—Part II： Numerical analysis

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第9期61卷 59-68页

作者： Zhi Zheng ZhiTeng Gao DeShun li rennian li Ye li QiuHao Hu WenRui Hu School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050 China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050 China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

To analyze the interaction between wind turbines and the atmospheric boundary layer, we integrated a large-eddy simulation with an actuator line model and examined the characteristics of wind-turbine loads and wakes with reference to a corresponding experiment in Gansu. In the simulation, we set the wind turbine to have a rotor diameter of 14.8 m and a tower height of 15.4 m in the center of an atmospheric boundary layer with a 10.6° yaw angle. The results reveal an obviously skewed wake structure behind the rotor due to the thrust component normal to the flow direction. The power spectra of the inflow fluctuation velocity exhibit a region of-5/3 slope, which confirms the ability of large-eddy simulations to reproduce the energy cascade from larger to smaller scales. We found there to be more energy in the power spectrum of the axial velocity, which shows that coherent turbulence structures have more energy in the horizontal direction. By the conjoint analysis of atmospheric turbulence and windturbine loads, we found that when the inflow wind direction changes rapidly, the turbulence kinetic energy and coherent turbulence kinetic energy in the atmospheric turbulence increase, which in turn causes fluctuations in the wind turbine ***, anisotropic atmospheric turbulence causes an asymmetric load cycle, which imposes a strike by the turbine blade on the shaft, thereby increasing the fatigue load on the shaft. Our main conclusion is that the atmospheric boundary layer has a strong effect on the evolution of the wake and the structural response of the turbine.

关键词： wind power atmospheric turbulence effects finite volume methods large-eddy simulations

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Critical Stokes Number for Gas-Solid Flow Erosion of Wind Turbine Airfoil

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2016年第1期33卷 67-72页

作者： li Deshun Gong Yuxiang li rennian li Yinran Ma Ruijie School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050P.R.China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050P.R.China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050P.R.China

Wind turbine blades are inevitable to be eroded in wind-sand environment,so it is crucial to identify the flow conditions under which the erosion ***,the effect of the sand diameter on wind turbine airfoil is first *** the sand diameter is less than 3μm,the sands will bypass the airfoil and no erosion *** the sand diameter is larger than 4μm,the sand grains collide with the airfoil and the erosion ***,there must be a critical sand diameter between 3μm and 4μm,at which the erosion is initiated on the airfoil *** find out this critical value,aparticle Stokes number is introduced *** to the range of the critical sand diameter mentioned above,the critical value of particle Stokes number is reasonably assumed to be between 0.007 8and *** assumption is subsequently validated by other four factors influecing the erosion,i.e.,the angle of attack,relative thickness of the airfoil,different series airfoil,and inflow ***,the critical range of Stokes number has been confirmed.

关键词： wind turbine airfoil erosion critical Stokes number gas-solid two-phase flow

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A nonlinear model for aerodynamic configuration of wake behind horizontal-axis wind turbine

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第9期40卷 1313-1326页

作者： Deshun li Tao GUO rennian li Congxin YANG Zhaoxue CHENG Ye li Wenrui HU College of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050 China Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050 China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Determination of the aerodynamic configuration of wake is the key to analysis and evaluation of the rotor aerodynamic characteristics of a horizontal-axis wind turbine. According to the aerodynamic configuration, the real magnitude and direction of the onflow velocity at the rotor blade can be determined, and subsequently, the aerodynamic force on the rotor can be determined. The commonly employed wake aerodynamic models are of the cylindrical form instead of the actual expanding one. This is because the influence of the radial component of the induced velocity on the wake configuration is neglected. Therefore, this model should be called a "linear model". Using this model means that the induced velocities at the rotor blades and aerodynamic loads on them would be inexact. An approximately accurate approach is proposed in this paper to determine the so-called "nonlinear" wake aerodynamic configuration by means of the potential theory, where the influence of all three coordinate components of the induced velocity on wake aerodynamic configuration is taken into account to obtain a kind of expanding wake that approximately looks like an actual one. First, the rotor aerodynamic model composed of axial (central), bound, and trailing vortexes is established with the help of the finite aspect wing theory. Then, the Biot-Savart formula for the potential flow theory is used to derive a set of integral equations to evaluate the three components of the induced velocity at any point within the wake. The numerical solution to the integral equations is found, and the loci of all elementary trailing vortex filaments behind the rotor are determined thereafter. Finally, to formulate an actual wind turbine rotor, using the nonlinear wake model, the induced velocity everywhere in the wake, especially that at the rotor blade, is obtained in the case of various tip speed ratios and compared with the wake boundary in a neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Hereby, some useful and referenti

关键词： nonlinear wake aerodynamic model vortex-induced velocity integral equation of vortex-induced velocity horizontal-axis wind turbine

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Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 97-113页

作者： Gaosheng Ma Hong Han Ye li Deshun li Yan Wang Ning Fu Quan Zheng rennian li School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Center for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Multiple Function Towing Tank Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Given factors such as reduced land availability for onshore wind farms,wind resource enrichment levels,and costs,there is a growing trend of establishing wind farms in deserts,the Gobi,and other arid ***,the relationship between sanddust weather environments and wind turbine operations has garnered significant *** investigate the impact of wind turbine wakes on sand-dust transportation,this study employs large eddy simulation to model flow fields,coupled with an actuator line model for simulating rotating blades and a multiphase particle in cell model for simulating sand *** research focuses on a horizontal axis wind turbine model and examines the motion and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four typical sizes of sand particles in the turbine *** findings reveal that sand particles of varying sizes exhibit a spiral settling pattern after traversing the rotating plane of wind turbine blades,influenced by blade shedding vortex and *** particles tend to cluster in the peripheries of the vortex cores of low vorticity in the wind turbine *** rotation of wind turbines generates a wake vortex structure that causes a significant clustering of sand particles at the tip *** the wake distance increases,the particles that cluster at the turbine's tip gradually spread outward to approximately twice the rotor diameter and then begin to mix with the incoming flow *** turbines have a noticeable impact on sand-dust transportation,hindering their movement to a significant *** average sand-blocking rate exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing as the wake distance *** its peak,the sand-blocking rate reaches an impressive 67.55%.The presence of wind turbines induces the advanced settling of sand particles,resulting in a“triangular”distribution of the deposition within the ground projection area of the wake.

关键词： wind turbine particle transportation actuator line model dry deposition particle clustering

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螺旋离心泵工作特性理论分析

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农业机械学报 2005年第6期36卷 51-53页

作者：李仁年李兵韩伟兰州理工大学流体动力与控制学院

螺旋离心泵具有独特的螺旋离心叶轮,这种叶轮使得螺旋离心泵较之于普通污水泵具有一系列的优点,从流体力学和泵的基本理论出发分析了螺旋离心泵的无堵塞性、调节性、能量性能、汽蚀性能等工作特性及其机理,为进一步研究其内部流动机理... 详细信息

螺旋离心泵具有独特的螺旋离心叶轮,这种叶轮使得螺旋离心泵较之于普通污水泵具有一系列的优点,从流体力学和泵的基本理论出发分析了螺旋离心泵的无堵塞性、调节性、能量性能、汽蚀性能等工作特性及其机理,为进一步研究其内部流动机理和新的设计方法提供借鉴。

关键词：螺旋离心泵污水泵工作特性螺旋离心叶轮内部流动机理

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雷诺数对粗糙表面翼型气动性能的影响

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南京航空航天大学学报 2011年第5期43卷 693-696页

作者：李仁年陈寅兰州理工大学甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心兰州730050

采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型研究风力机专用翼型DU00-W-212的气动性能。在雷诺数小范围变化的情况下,应用数值模拟的方法对粗糙翼型和光滑翼型的气动特性进行对比。探讨雷诺数小范围变化对粗糙翼型气动特性的影响,并分析升阻力的变化... 详细信息

采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型研究风力机专用翼型DU00-W-212的气动性能。在雷诺数小范围变化的情况下,应用数值模拟的方法对粗糙翼型和光滑翼型的气动特性进行对比。探讨雷诺数小范围变化对粗糙翼型气动特性的影响,并分析升阻力的变化机理。比较升阻力曲线,发现粗糙度对升力系数影响最大的区域在迎角10°附近。小迎角的情况下,前缘粗糙度会使得翼型的升力系数下降,阻力系数反而上升。在大迎角失速的情况下,粗糙翼型的阻力系数反而小于光滑翼型的阻力系数。为了增加叶片适应恶劣沙尘环境的能力,在叶片设计和翼型排布的过程中应该尽量避开升力系数最大的迎角处。

关键词：风力机翼型粗糙度雷诺数

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大型风力机叶片铺层及模态分析

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太阳能学报 2015年第1期36卷 49-53页

作者：李仁年刘有亮兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院兰州730050 甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心兰州730050

使用ANSYS软件,自下而上建立风力机叶片的有限元模型,使用单元类型SHELL 99对叶片模型实行铺层。运用有限元方法,对几组铺层方案进行叶片的模态分析,结果显示大型风力机叶片梁帽的铺层对频率及相对位移影响最大,增加梁帽铺层数可更好地... 详细信息

使用ANSYS软件,自下而上建立风力机叶片的有限元模型,使用单元类型SHELL 99对叶片模型实行铺层。运用有限元方法,对几组铺层方案进行叶片的模态分析,结果显示大型风力机叶片梁帽的铺层对频率及相对位移影响最大,增加梁帽铺层数可更好地提升叶片的结构动力学性能。

关键词：层合板复合材料铺层风力机叶片模态分析

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