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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han lin li Xiao Chen Sheng wen Yang xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

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Influencing factors and risk prediction model for emergence agitation after general anesthesia for primary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2194-2201页

作者： shu-shu song li lin li li Xiao-dong Han Department of Anesthesia and Surgery Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou 325099Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often characterized by behaviors,such as crying,struggling,and involuntary limb movements in *** treatment is delayed,there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding,which can significantly affect surgical ***,having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia,which is beneficial for improving patient *** To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver *** Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at wenzhou Central Hospital(January 2020 to December 2023)was ***-surgery,the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence,noting EA incidence after general *** were categorized by EA presence postoperatively,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration *** EA occurred in 51(25.5%)*** analysis identified advanced age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade Ⅲ,indwelling catheter use,and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA(Plibration curves showed

关键词： Primary hepatocellular carcinoma resection General anesthesia Emergence agitation Risk factors Forecast Nomograph

Numerical optimization on differential adjusting measures for asymmetrical degenerated warm permafrost railway embankment

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第3期14卷 479-491页

作者： Yan-dong HOU wen-Yuan LEI shu-Hao liANG ming-li ZHANG Feng-Xi ZHOU School of Civil Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Gansu Province Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

Affected by climate warming and shady–sunny slope effect,the permafrost foundation under the railway is undergoing a significant asymmetric degradation process;research on the corresponding regulating or strengthening measures is urgently *** on a well developed of numerical model,we analyzed the‘thermal repair’effect of three redesigned differential thermal reinforcement on the partially degraded permafrost embankment with *** results show that,when used as a strengthening measure,the method of laying crushed rock revetment(CRR)with different thicknesses on the sunny and shady slopes cannot completely eliminate the residual warm permafrost regions formed in the previous thermal *** the TCRR scheme is adopted for reinforcement,although horizontal region from the evaporation section of thermosyphones(TPCTs)to the right side of the embankment is remarkably cooled,permafrost under the sunny slope is still *** the long run,both ETCRR and TCECRR reinforcement schemes can produce a large range of‘cold core’right below the whole ***,from the perspective of the simultaneous functioning range and cold storage capacity,the TCECRR scheme is signally more *** thermal insulation materials in the above composite strengthening measures can not only resist the heat input in the warm season,but also improve their working efficiency by maintaining the temperature difference between the evaporation section of the heat pipe and the external environment in cold *** addition of crushed rock revetment in TCECRR has played its thermal semiconductor effect and further improved the comprehensive thermal repair efficiency of the composite measures.

关键词： Asymmetric degradation Crushed rock revetment Thermal insulation materials TPCT Reinforcement

Effects of nitrate concentration in interstitial water on the bioremediation of simulated oil-polluted shorelines

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1491-1495页

作者： XIA wen-xiang li Jin-cheng song Zhi-wen SUN Ying-jie Department of environmental engineering Qingdao Technological University Qingdao 266033 China.

Nutrient addition has been proved to be an effective strategy to enhance oil biodegradation in marine shorelines. To determine the optimal range of nutrient concentrations in the bioremediation of oil-polluted beaches, nitrate was added to the simulated shoreline models in the initial concentration of 1, 5 and 10 mg/L. Whenever the NO3-N concentration declined to 70% of its original value, additional nutrients were supplemented to maintain a certain range. Results showed adding nutrients increased the oil biodegradation level, the counts of petroleum degrading bacteria （PDB） and heterotrophic bacteria （HB）, and the promoted efficiency varied depending on the concentration of nitrate. Oil degradation level in 5 mg/L （NO3-N） group reached as much as 84.3% accompanied with the consistently highest counts of PDB; while in l mg/L group oil removal efficiency was only 35.2%, and the numbers of PDB and HB were relatively low compared to the other groups supplemented with nutrients. Although counts of HB in the 10 mg/L group were remarkable, lower counts of PDB resulted in poorer oil removal efficiency （70.5%） compared to 5 mg/L group. Furthermore, it would need more NO3-N （0.371 mg） to degrade 1 mg diesel oil in the 10 mg/L group than in the 5 mg/L group （0.197 mg）. In conclusion, Nitrate concentration in 5 mg/L is superior to l and 10 mg/L in the enhancement of diesel oil biodegradation in simulated shorelines.

关键词： diesel oil 0# bioremediation nutrient concentration interstitial water

Preparation of High Surface Area, Large Pore Volume Alumina by Using β-Cyclodextrin as a Non-surfactant Template

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第9期17卷 1239-1242页

作者： Lai Jun WANG ming Fen wen Yu Shan li dong YANG Jing CHEN Chong li song Laboratory 201 Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 102201

A series of alumina samples were prepared using β-cyclodextrin as the non-surfactant template. These samples were characterized by XRD, BET and TEM. The results showed that the alumina samples prepared using β-cyclodextrin template had the higher surface areas （124-484 m^2/g）, larger pore volumes （0.7-1.27 mL/g） and more thermal stability than samples prepared without using β-cyclodextrin.

关键词： Al2O3 β-cyclodextrin templating method specific surface area.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of 2-Chloro-N-{2-fluoro-5-[N-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl-sulfonamido]phenyl}benzamide

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2008年第3期24卷 295-298页

作者： li wen-ming WANG Jian-guo li Zheng-ming song Hai-bin Elemento-Organic Chemistry Institute State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry National Pesticide Engineering Research Center Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P R. China

2-Chloro-N-{2-fluoro-5-[N-（phenylsulfonyl）phenylsulfonamido]phenyl}benzamide was synthesized and its crystal structure was also determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The title compound（C25H18ClFN2O5S2） belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a=0.7377（3） nm, b=1.2036（5） nm, c=2.6846（11） nm, β=90.895（9）°, V=2.3833（16） nm3, Mr=544.98, Z=4, Dc=1.519 g/cm3, μ=0.385 mm–1, F（000）=1120, R1=0.0632, and wR2=0.1438. Its crystal structure belongs to a novel class that has not been reported yet, and its preliminary herbicidal activity was also tested. Its inhibition rate to seedling growth of barnyard grass reaches 15.1% at 100 μg/mL.

关键词： X-ray diffraction Crystal structure Synthesis Biological activity

High-order numerical method for the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2017年第1期8卷 258-270页

作者： shu-Cun li xiang-Gui li Jun-Jie Cao wen-Bo li School of Applied ScienceBeijing Information Science and Technology UniversityBeijing 100192P.R.China

In this work,a fourth-order numerical scheme in space and two second-order numerical schemes in both time and space are proposed for the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger *** verify the mass conservation for the two-level implicit *** influence on the soliton solution by adding a small random perturbation to the initial condition is *** numerical experiments are given to test the accuracy order for different schemes,*** also test the conservative property of mass and Hamiltonian for these schemes from the numerical point of view.

关键词： Derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation finite difference soliton solution random perturbation

Prediction of blast furnace gas generation based on data quality improvement strategy

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第5期30卷 864-874页

作者： shu-han liu wen-qiang Sun Wei-dong li Bing-zhen Jin Department of Energy Engineering School of MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry(Northeastern University) Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentShenyang 110819LiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application Anshan 114009LiaoningChina Ansteel Iron and Steel Research Institute Ansteel Group Corporation LimitedAnshan 114009LiaoningChina General Heavy Section Mill Angang Steel Company LimitedAnshan 114021LiaoningChina

The real-time energy flow data obtained in industrial production processes are usually of low *** is difficult to accurately predict the short-term energy flow profile by using these field data,which diminishes the effect of industrial big data and artificial intelligence in industrial energy *** real-time data of blast furnace gas(BFG)generation collected in iron and steel sites are also of low *** order to tackle this problem,a three-stage data quality improvement strategy was proposed to predict the BFG *** the first stage,correlation principle was used to test the sample *** the second stage,the original sample set was rectified and *** the third stage,Kalman filter was employed to eliminate the noise of the updated sample *** method was verified by autoregressive integrated moving average model,back propagation neural network model and long short-term memory *** results show that the prediction model based on the proposed three-stage data quality improvement method performs *** short-term memory model has the best prediction performance,with a mean absolute error of 17.85 m3/min,a mean absolute percentage error of 0.21%,and an R squared of 95.17%.

关键词： Blast furnace gas Iron and steel industry Data quality improvement Artificial intelligence Gas generation prediction

Analytical model for straight hemming based on minimum energy method

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第7期12卷 532-542页

作者： Qian WANG xiang-huai dong He-zong li Hai-ming ZHANG National Engineering Research Center of Die & Mold CAD Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China

An analytical model for straight hemming was developed based on minimum energy method to study the effect of flanging die corner radius on hemming *** order to calculate plastic strain and strain energy more exactly,the neutral layer of specimen corner after hemming is assumed to be a half ellipse with its major semi-axis *** hardening rule is adopted to describe bending and reverse bending processes neglecting Bauschinger *** model takes into account the material property parameters in order to satisfy a wide application range of different *** profile,creepage/growing(roll-in/roll-out) and maximum equivalent strain are predicted,which are greatly influenced by the flanging die corner *** facilities were designed and hemming experiments were *** predicted results of the present analytical model were compared to experimental data as well as finite element(FE) simulation *** was confirmed that they are in good agreement,and the model can be used to evaluate whether the material used as an outer panel for hemming is appropriate and to optimize process parameters when the material used for hemming is changed.

关键词： Analytical model Minimum energy method Defects Large deformation Hemming