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A multiple flame-retardant,early fire-warning,and highly sensitive thread-shaped all-fabric-based piezoresistive sensor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1151-1159页

作者： li weibiao ZHANG Shuai MA ShuQi WANG JiaCheng WANG Huan YANG QiRong SONG YongTao ZHU Jie North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering Langfang 065000China Langfang Fire and Rescue Division of Hebei Province Langfang 065000China School of Information Science and Engineering Xinjiang College of Science and TechnologyKorla 841000China

In the artificial intelligence age,multifunctional and intelligent fireproof fabric-based electronics are urgently ***,a novel thread-shaped all-fabric-based piezoresistive sensor(denoted as TAFPS)with properties such as flame retardancy,firewarning,and piezoresistivity is proposed,which is composed of an inner nickel-plated fabric electrode,a multifunctional double helix fabric,and an external flame-retardant encapsulation *** to the multiple flame-retardant properties of glass fiber tubular fabric,aminated carbon nanotubes(ACNTs),and ammonium polyphosphate,the char residue of the TAFPS reaches40.3 wt%at 800℃.In addition,the heat-sensitive effect of ACNTs during combustion causes a rapid decrease in the TAFPS resistance,triggering the fire alarm system within 2 ***,benefiting from the force-sensitive behavior of the double helix layer and tightly wrapped pattern of the external heat-shrinkable tubular fabric,TAFPS demonstrated a high sensitivity of4.40 kPa^(-1)(0–5.81 k Pa)and good stability for 10000 *** its excellent flame resistance,high sensitivity,and agreeable stability,the developed TAFPS can be integrated into fire suits to monitor the exercise training process and the external fire *** work offers a novel approach for fabricating all-fabric-based piezoresistive sensors in the future for fire prevention and fire alarms,with promising applications in fire protection,the Internet of Things,and smart apparel.

关键词： all-fabric piezoresistive sensor multiple flame retardancy agile fire-warning high sensitivity

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Diagnosis of the ENSO modulation of tropical cyclogenesis over the southern South China Sea using a genesis potential index

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第5期31卷 54-68页

作者： WANG Lei ZHANG Qiongwan li weibiao State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environmental Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510058China

The modulation of tropical cyclogenesis over the southern South China Sea （SSCS） by the El Nin o- Southern Oscillation （ENSO） is examined in October–December （OND）, when tropical cyclone （TC） activities are most active in this region. The results reveal that there were more TCs formed over the SSCS during La Nin a years and less TCs during El Nin o years. How different environmental factors （including low-level vorticity, mid-level relative humidity, vertical wind shear, and potential intensity） contribute to this influence is investigated, using a genesis potential （GP） index developed by Emanuel and Nolan. Composite anomalies of the GP index are produced for El Nin o and La Nin a years separately, which could account for the changes of TC frequency over the SSCS in different ENSO phases. The degree of contribution by each factor is determined quantitatively by producing composites of modified indices in which only one of the contributing factors varies, with the others set to climatology. The results show that the mid-level relative humidity makes the largest contribution to the ENSO modulation of tropical cyclogenesis over the SSCS. Although warmer sea surface temperatures （SSTs） and larger amount of evaporation from the ocean surface were observed over the SSCS during El Nin o years, anomalous descending motions due to the anomalous Walker circulations inhibited the upward transports of water vapor and led to less moisture contents in the middle troposphere, which suppressed TC formations.

关键词： tropical cyclone southern South China Sea ENSO genesis potential index

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A comparison of summer precipitation structures over the South China Sea and the East China Sea based on tropical rainfall measurement mission

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第11期32卷 41-49页

作者： li Jiangnan YANG Chaofeng li Fangzhou HE Qihua li weibiao School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Zhejiang Sub-bureau of East China Regional Air Traffic Management Bureau of CAAC

The three-dimensional structures of summer precipitation over the South China Sea （SCS） and the East China Sea （ECS） are investigated based on tropical rainfall measurement mission （TRMM）. The primary results are as follows. First, both the convective and stratiform precipitation rates in the SCS are much higher than those of the ECS. The contribution of the convective cloud precipitation to the surface precipitation is primarily over the SCS and the ECS with a proportion of about 70%, but the contribution of convective cloud precipitation is slightly larger in the SCS than the ECS. The contribution of stratus precipitation is slightly larger in the ECS than that in the SCS. Second, the content of cloud particles and precipitation particles in the ECS in June was greater than that in the SCS, while in July and August, the content of cloud and precipitation particles in the ECS was less than that in the SCS. Third, the latent heat profile of the ECS is quite different from that of the SCS. In June, the peak values of evaporation and condensation latent heating rates in the ECS are greater than those in the SCS. In July and August, however, the peak values of evaporation and condensation latent heating rates in the ECS are about 0.05°/h less than those in the SCS.

关键词： precipitation three-dimensional structures tropical rainfall measurement mission SouthChina Sea East China Sea

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Climatological relationships among the tropical cyclone frequency,duration,intensity and activity regions over the Western Pacific

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第33期55卷 3818-3824页

作者： li weibiao DU QinBo CHEN ShuMin Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China NanAo Observatory of Shantou Meteorological Bureau Shantou 515900 China

Climatological relationships among the tropical cyclone(TC)frequency,duration,intensity and activity regions over the Western Pacific are explored based on long-term best track *** TC occurrence does not necessarily imply a long duration of TCs in the same *** types of relationship between TC number and duration in the period 1945-2007 were identified in this study:low frequency and short duration during 1945-1955(Period I);high frequency and short duration in the 1960s(Period II);and high frequency and long duration in the 1990s(Period III).TC activity regions differed among the three *** Period I,the main activity regions were over the ocean east of the Philippines(120°-140°E).During period II,two prevailing storm tracks extended west-northwest between 110° and 147°*** period III,TCs had an extensive activity region from 110° to 160°*** intensity is related closely to activity *** strong TCs developed over the ocean far from the Philippines,and had a northwestward *** results also show that the relationships between TC frequency,duration and their active regions are modulated strongly by broad-scale vertical motion,geopotential height and horizontal wind anomalies.

关键词：西太平洋地区持续时间活动区域热带气旋气候关系低频率强度跟踪数据

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The structural characteristics of precipitation in Asian-Pacific's three monsoon regions measured by tropical rainfall measurement mission

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第3期33卷 111-117页

作者： li Jiangnan ZHENG Yanping li Fangzhou GUO Feiyun li weibiao Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Meteorological Information Center of Guangdong Province Baiyun District Bureau of Meteorology

The three-dimensional structure of precipitation on a seasonal scale in the Asian-Pacific＇s three monsoon regions is investigated based on the tropical rainfall measurement mission （TRMM） data. The results show that：（1） The maximum seasonal variation of the relative proportional difference of convective precipitation and stratiform rain occurs in the East Asian monsoon region, the second occurs in the Indian monsoon region, and the minimum is in the northwest Pacific monsoon region. In both the northwest Pacific mon soon region and the Indian monsoon region, the convective rain is proportionately larger than stratiform rain in all four seasons. （2） Cloud ice reaches its maximum at around 9 km. Cloud water＇s maximum range is between 3 and 4 km. The large value area of precipitation ice is mainly between 4 and 9 km. The precipi tation water particle is concentrated mostly below 4 km. The largest content is from the ground to 2 km. （3） The most remarkable variance of the content of cloud ice in the Indian monsoon region occurs from spring to winter, and the content of cloud water in the northwest Pacific is always higher than that in the other two regions. （4） The latent heat profile has a similar double-peak structure. The first peak is at 4 km and the second peak is at 2 km. In autumn and winter, the latent heat is higher in the northwest Pacific than in other two regions. In all three regions, the release of the latent heat is higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter.

关键词： precipitation three-dimensional structures Asian-Pacific monsoon region TRMM

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Evolution mechanisms of the intraseasonal oscillation associated with the Yangtze River Basin flood in 1998

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 957-967页

作者： CHEN Guixing li weibiao YUAN Zhuojian WEN Zhiping Department of Atmospheric Science/Center of Monsoon and Environment Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Atmospheric Science/Center of Monsoon and Environment Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Atmospheric Science/Center of Monsoon and Environment Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Department of Atmospheric Science/Center of Monsoon and Environment Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

With 1998 NCEP reanalysis data and the linear diagnostic equation for local me- ridional circulation, four main processes and the boundary effects with relatively large contribu- tions to the intraseasonal oscillation of the vertical branches of the East Asian meridional circula- tion are quantitatively identified among all the processes involved in the quasi-primitive equations used in the derivation of the linear diagnostic equation. The numerical results show that the main processes with maximal contributions in the lower latitudes include the latent heating and vertical transports of sensible heat. These processes are mainly associated with the tropical convective activities and result in the low-frequency cyclones in the lower latitudes. The main processes with maximal contributions in the higher latitudes are the horizontal transports of westerly momentum and horizontal temperature advections. These processes are mainly associated with the fluctua- tions in the westerlies and result in the low-frequency cyclones in the higher latitudes. The low-frequency cyclones propagating away from lower latitudes not only interact with those from higher latitudes to enhance the lifting of the moist air in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), but also leave room for the development of the low-frequency anticyclones over the South China Sea (SCS). The southwesterly in the northwestern quadrant of the SCS anticyclones provides the YRB with abundant moisture. This favorable moisture condition along with the enhanced rising motion in the YRB leads to the extraordinary flood in 1998.

关键词： intraseasonal oscillation convective activities low-frequency circulation flood.

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Identification and Analysis of High-Frequency Oscillations in the Eyewalls of Tropical Cyclones

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第5期32卷 624-634页

作者： CHEN Shumin Youyu LU li weibiao WEN Zhiping Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Bedford Institute of Oceanography Fisheries and Oceans CanadaDartmouth Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Canada

High-frequency oscillations, with periods of about 2 hours, are first identified by applying wavelet analysis to observed minutely wind speeds around the eye and eyewall of tropical cyclones（TCs）. Analysis of a model simulation of Typhoon Hagupit（2008） shows that the oscillations also occur in the TC intensity, vertical motion, convergence activity and air density around the eyewall. Sequences of oscillations in these variables follow a certain order.

关键词： tropical cyclone high-frequency oscillations eyewall intensity

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Impacts of sea spray on the boundary layer structure of Typhoon Imbudo

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第11期32卷 21-26页

作者： TANG Jie li weibiao CHEN Shumin WANG Lei Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Zhaoqing Meteorological Bureau Zhaoqing South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

High winds in a typhoon over the ocean can produce substantial amounts of spray in the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer, which can modify the transfer of momentum, heat, and moisture across the air-sea interface. However, the consequent effects on the boundary layer structure and the evolution of the typhoon are largely unknown. The focus of this paper is on the role of sea spray on the storm intensity and the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. The case study is Typhoon Imbudo in July 2003. The results show that sea spray tends to intensify storms by increasing the sea surface heat fluxes. Moreover, the effects of sea spray are mainly felt in boundary layer. Spray evaporation causes the atmospheric boundary layer to experience cooling and moistening. Sea spray can cause significant effects on the structure of boundary layer. The boundary-layer height over the eyewall area east to the center of Typhoon Imbudo was increased with a maximum up to about 550 m due to sea spray, which is closely related with the enhancements of the heat fluxes, upward motions, and horizontal winds in this region due to sea spray.

关键词： sea spray typhoon boundary structure

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Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies over the South China Sea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1189-1204页

作者： Haoya liU weibiao li Shumin CHEN Rong FANG Zhuo li School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University

The South China Sea（SCS） is an eddy-active area. Composite analyses based on 438 mesoscale ocean eddies during 2000–2012 revealed the status of the atmospheric boundary layer is influenced remarkably by such eddies. The results showed cold-core cyclonic（warm-core anticyclonic） eddies tend to cool（warm） the overlying atmosphere and cause surface winds to decelerate（accelerate）. More than 5% of the total variance of turbulent heat fluxes, surface wind speed and evaporation rate are induced by mesoscale eddies. Furthermore, mesoscale eddies locally affect the columnar water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Dynamical analyses indicated that both variations of atmospheric boundary layer stability and sea level pressure are responsible for atmospheric anomalies over mesoscale eddies. To reveal further details about the mechanisms of atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies, atmospheric manifestations over a pair of cold and warm eddies in the southwestern SCS were simulated. Eddy-induced heat flux anomalies lead to changes in atmospheric stability. Thus, anomalous turbulence kinetic energy and friction velocity arise over the eddy dipole, which reduce（enhance） the vertical momentum transport over the cold（warm） eddy, resulting in the decrease（increase） of sea surface wind. Diagnoses of the model＇s momentum balance suggested that wind speed anomalies directly over the eddy dipole are dominated by vertical mixing terms within the atmospheric boundary layer, while wind anomalies on the edges of eddies are produced by atmospheric pressure gradient forces and atmospheric horizontal advection terms.

关键词： mesoscale ocean eddies air-sea interaction atmospheric responses South China Sea

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Satellite Observations of Reflectivity Maxima above the Freezing Level Induced by Terrain

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第4期38卷 627-640页

作者： Aoqi ZHANG weibiao li Shumin CHEN Yilun CHEN Yunfei FU Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Previous studies have recognized reflectivity maxima above the freezing level(RMAF) within stratiform precipitation over mountain slopes, however, quantitative studies are limited due to the lack of adequate identification criteria. Here, we establish an identification method for RMAF precipitation and apply it to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) Precipitation Radar(PR) observations. Using the TRMM 2A25 product from 1998 to 2013, we show that the RMAF structure in reflectivity profiles can be effectively identified. RMAF exists not only in stratiform precipitation but also in convective precipitation. RMAF frequency is positively correlated with elevation, which is thought to be caused by enhanced updrafts in the middle layers of stratiform precipitation, or in the low to middle layers of convective precipitation over mountains. The average RMAF heights in stratiform and convective precipitation were 1.35 and 2.01 km above the freezing level, respectively, which is lower than previous results. In addition, our results indicate that the RMAF structure increased the echo top height and enhanced precipitation processes above the RMAF height, but it suppressed the downward propagation of ice particles and the near-surface rain rate. Future studies of orographic precipitation should take into account the impact of the RMAF structure and its relevant dynamic triggers.

关键词： orographic precipitation reflectivity maxima above the freezing level precipitation structure TRMM PR

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