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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, d. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.s. Chen, H.X. Chen, liang Chen, lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, s. Chen, s.H. Chen, s.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Cheng, Y.d. Cui, M.Y. Cui, s.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.d. dai, B.Z. dai, H.L. dai, Z.G. danzengluobu dong, X.Q. duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, s.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, s. Gao, B. Gao, C.d. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.s. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, s.C. Huang, d.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, d. Kurinov, K. li, B.B. li, C.M. li, Cheng li, Cong li, d. li, F. li, H.B. li, H.C. li, Jian li, Jie li, K. li, s.d. li, W.L. li, X.R. li, Xin li, Y.Z. li, Zhe li, Zhuo liang, E.W. liang, Y.F. lin, s.J. liu, B. liu, C. liu, d. liu, d.B. liu, H. liu, H.d. liu, J. liu, J.L. liu, M.Y. liu, R.Y. liu, s.M. liu, W. liu, Y. liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, d. sáiz, A. saeed, M. semikoz, d. shao, L. shchegolev, O. sheng, X.d. shu, F.W. song, H.C. stenkin, Yu.V. stepanov, V. su, Y. sun, d.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics.d.vision & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China dublin Institute for Advanced studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany school of Physical science and Technology & school of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China school of Astronomy and space science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-dao Lee Institute & school of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China state Key Laboratory of Particle detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of dark Matter and space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China school of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China school of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & school of Physics (Guangzhou) & sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (sNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Bas.d.on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air shower Observatory (LHAAsO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAAsO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of sNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAAsO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Big Model strategy for Bridge structural Health Monitoring Bas.d.on data-driven, Adaptive Method and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Group

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sdHM structural durability and Health Monitoring 2024年第6期18卷 763-783页

作者： Xu, Yadong Hong, Weixing Noori, Mohammad Altabey, Wael A. silik, Ahmed Farhan, Nabeel s.d. Nanjing Highway development Center Changzhou 211106 China Nanjing Zhixing Information Technology Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210000 China department of Mechanical Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93405 United States department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria 21544 Egypt department of Civil Engineering Nyala University P.O. Box 155 Nyala Sudan school of Civil Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

This study introduces an innovative "Big Model" strategy to enhance Bridge structural Health Monitoring (sHM) using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), time-frequency analysis, and fine element analysis. Leveraging ensemble methods, collaborative learning, and distributed computing, the approach effectively manages the complexity and scale of large-scale bridge data. The CNN employs transfer learning, fine-tuning, and continuous monitoring to optimize models for adaptive and accurate structural health assessments, focusing on extracting meaningful features through time-frequency analysis. By integrating Finite Element Analysis, time-frequency analysis, and CNNs, the strategy provides a comprehensive understanding of bridge health. Utilizing diverse sensor data, sophisticated feature extraction, and advanced CNN architecture, the model is optimized through rigorous preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning. This approach significantly enhances the ability to make accurate predictions, monitor structural health, and support proactive maintenance practices, thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： structural health monitoring

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Flexible ultra-thin super-resolution endoscopy

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 171-172页

作者： George s.d.Gordon department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In recent years, multimode fiber(MMF) has become an important tool for high-resolution endoscopic imaging in narrow channels(e.g., in the brain via needles or ins.d. blood vessels) due to its high mode density and fine diameter, typically stacle to widespread deployment in applications is that realistic perturbations, including bending, twisting and changes in temperature, cause unacceptable image degradation.

关键词： fiber resolution typically

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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin li Jiayu LU Xiaoyi sHI li’an dUO James L.d.sMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers.d.termining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers.d.termining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increas.d.in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation bas.d.on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： d.LEE s.CHANG J.LEE department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea school of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the propos.d.method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the propos.d.method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

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Two imprinted genes primed by dEMETER in the central cell and activated by WRKY10 in the endosperm

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 855-865页

作者： Ke Yang Yuling Tang Yue li Wenbin Guo Zhengdao Hu Xuanpeng Wang Frédéric Berger Jing li College of life science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication Hainan UniversitySanyaHainan 572025China school of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikouHainan 570228China Hainan Yazhou Bay seed Laboratory SanyaHainan 572025China Gregor Mendel Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesVienna BioCenter1030 ViennaAustria

The early development of the endosperm is crucial for balancing the allocation of maternal nutrients to *** process is believed to be evolutionarily associated with genomic imprinting,resulting in parentally bias.d.allelic gene *** Fertilization Independent seed(FIs)genes,the number of imprinted genes involved in early endosperm development and seed size determination remains *** study introduces early endosperm-express.d.HAIKU(IKU)downstream Candidate F-box 1(ICF1)and ICF2 as maternally express.d.imprinted genes(MEGs)in Arabidopsis *** these genes are also demethylated by dEMETER(dME)in the central cell,their activation differs from the direct dME-mediated activation seen in classical MEGs such as the FIs ***,ICF maternal alleles carry pre-established hypomethylation in their promoters,priming them for activation by the WRKY10 transcription factor in the *** the contrary,paternal alleles are predominantly suppress.d.by CG ***,we find that ICF genes partially contribute to the small seed size observed in iku *** discovery reveals a two-step regulatory mechanism that highlights the important role of conventional transcription factors in the activation of imprinted genes,which was previously not fully ***,the mechanism provides a new dimension to understand the transcriptional regulation of imprinting in plant reproduction and development.

关键词： Imprinting Epigenetics dNAmethylation seedsize Endosperm

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Functionalization of cellulose carbon dots with different elements(N,B and s)for mercury ion detection and anti-counterfeit applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 355-359页

作者： Xiaoning li Quanyu shi Meng li Ningxin song Yumeng Xiao Huining Xiao Tony d.James Lei Feng second Affiliated Hospital of dalian Medical University Dalian 116023China Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003China department of Chemical Engineering and limerick Pulp&Paper Centre University of New Brunswick15 Dineen DriveFredericton NB E3B 5A3Canada department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China

Mercury ion(Hg^(2+)),as one of the most toxic heavy metal ions,accumulates easily in the environment,which can generate potential hazards to the ecosystem and human *** effectively detect and remove Hg^(2+),we fabricated four types of carbon dots(Cds)using carboxymethyl nanocellulose as a carbon source doped with different elements using a hydrothermal *** the Cds exhibited a strong fluorescence emission,excitation-dependent emission and possess.d.good water ***,the four fluorescent Cds were us.d.for Hg^(2+)recognition in aqueous solution,where the Cds-N exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for Hg^(2+)detection,with a low limit of detection of 8.29×10^(-6)mol/*** was.d.termined that the fluorescence quenching could be ascribed to a photoinduced charge-transfer processes between Hg^(2+)and the *** addition,the Cds-N were us.d.as a smart invisible ink for anticounterfeiting,information encryption and ***,the Cds-N were immers.d.into a cellulose(CMC)-bas.d.hydrogel network to prepare fluorescent hydrogels capable of simultaneously detecting and adsorbing Hg^(2+).We anticipate that this research will open possibilities for a green method to synthesize fluorescent Cds for metal ion detection and fluorescent ink production.

关键词： Carbon dots Functional groups Hg^(2+)detection Mechanism Anti-counterfeiting

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Comparison of Adaptive simulation Observation Experiments of the Heavy Rainfall in south China and sichuan Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2173-2191页

作者： He L. Peng W. Zhang Y. Miao s. Chen s. li J. shao d. Zhang X. College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang 524088 China Chinese Academy of Meteorology sciences Beijing 100081 China Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 China school of Marine sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China da1lian Marine Center Ministry of Nature Resources of the People’s Republic of China Dalian 116001 China

This study examines the effectiveness of adaptive observation experiments using the ensemble transformation sensitivity (ETs) method to improve precipitation forecasts.d.ring heavy rainfall events in south China and the sichuan Basin. High-resolution numerical models are employed to simulate adaptive observations. By identifying the sensitive areas of key weather system positions 42 hours before heavy rainfall events, the adaptive observations improve the prediction of jet streams, strong winds, and shear lines, which are essential for accurate heavy rainfall forecasting. This improvement is reflected in both the precipitation structure and location accuracy within the verification region. In south China, targeted observations enhance rainfall predictions by improving water vapor transport. In the sichuan Basin, adaptive observations refine water vapor transport and adjust vortex dynamics. This research highlights the importance of accurately predicting shear lines and jet streams for forecasting heavy rainfall in these areas. Overall, this study found that adaptive observation enhances the precipitation forecast skills of the structure and location for heavy rainfall in south China and the sichuan Basin, emphasizing their potential utility in operational numerical weather prediction. © Institute of Atmospheric Physics/Chinese Academy of sciences, and science Press 2024.

关键词： adaptive observation data assimilation ensemble transform sensitivity rainfall

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Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KRUPIN M.R.NURGAliEV A.R.NEMETs I.A.ZEMTsOV s.d.sUNTsOV T.B.MYALTON d.s.sERGEEV N.A.sOLOVEV d.V.sARYCHEV d.V.RYJAKOV s.N.TUGARINOV N.N.NAUMENKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Bauman Moscow state Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JsC“sOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second-harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so an increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from the high-field s.d. to the low-field s.d. by variation of the toroidal magnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all cons.d.red regimes. In these discharges the power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds the neoclassical level by up to 10 times. The high ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: the ratio Te/Ti, the normalized electron density gradient R/■, and the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The combination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and R/■=6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokamak L-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport

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Grindability Evaluation of Ultrasonic Assisted Grinding of silicon Nitride Ceramic Using Minimum Quantity Lubrication Bas.d.siO_(2)Nanofluid

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 115-136页

作者： Yusuf suleiman dambatta Changhe li Mohd sayuti Ahmed A d sarhan Min Yang Benkai li Anxue Chu Mingzheng liu Yanbin Zhang Zafar said Zongming Zhou school of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China Mechanical Engineering department Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810106Nigeria Mechanical Engineering department University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia department of Mechanical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia state Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems Engineer-ingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina College of Engineering University of Sharjah27272 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates Hanergy(Qingdao)Lubrication Technology Co. Ltd.Qingdao 266100China

Minimum quantity Lubrication(MQL)is a sustainable lubrication system that is famous in many machining *** involve the spray of an infinitesimal amount of mist-like lubricants.d.ring machining *** MQL system is affirmed to exhibit an excellent machining performance,and it is highly *** nanofluids are understood to exhibit excellent lubricity and heat evacuation capability,compared to pure oil-bas.d.MQL *** have shown that the surface quality and amount of energy expended in the grinding operations can be reduced cons.d.rably due to the positive effect of these *** work presents an experimental study on the tribological performance of siO_(2)nanofluid during grinding of si_(3)N_(4)*** effect different grinding modes and lubrication systems.d.ring the grinding operation was also *** concentrations of the siO_(2)nanofluid was manufactured using canola,corn and sunflower *** quantitative evaluation of the grinding process was.d.ne bas.d.on the amount of grinding forces,specific grinding energy,frictional coefficient,and surface *** was found that the canola oil exhibits optimal lubrication performance compared to corn oil,sunflower oil,and traditional lubrication ***,the introduction of ultrasonic vibrations with the siO_(2)nanofluid in MQL system was found to reduce the specific grinding energy,normal grinding forces,tangential grinding forces,and surface roughness by 65%,57%,65%,and 18%***,regression analysis was us.d.to obtain an optimum parameter *** observations from this work will aid the smooth transition towards ecofriendly and sustainable machining of engineering ceramics.

关键词： Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) Ultrasonic assisted grinding(UAG) Eco-friendly lubricants Nanofluid Grinding Ceramic

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