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科技纵览 2024年第4期 34-39,4页

作者： PHILLIP W.BARTH leslie a.field EDDIE GUY(图) 不详

20世纪80年代初的办公室很嘈杂,充满了金属敲击油墨色带在纸上打印出字符的声音.IBM Selectric电动打字机噼啪作响,菊轮式打印机咔嗒咔嗒,点阵打印机发出响亮的撕扯声.

关键词：喷墨打印机点阵打印机色带 IBM 20世纪80年代初电动打字机打印字符

Nano-formulated delivery of active ingredients from traditional Chinese herbal medicines for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1525-1541页

作者： Qi Shang Wandong Liu Faith leslie Jiapei Yang Mingmei Guo Mingjiao Sun Guangji Zhang Qiang Zhang Feihu Wang School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053China Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310053China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Whiting School of Engineeringthe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Traditional Chinese Medicine“Preventing Disease”Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang Hangzhou 310053China Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Cancer immunotherapy has garnered promise in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis through establishing durable and memorable immunological activity. However, low response rates, adverse side effects, and high costs compromise the additional benefits for patients treated with current chemical and biological agents. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are a potential treasure trove of natural medicines and are gaining momentum in cancer immunomodulation with multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics. The active ingredient extracted from CHMs benefit generalized patients through modulating immune response mechanisms. Additionally, the introduction of nanotechnology has greatly improved the pharmacological qualities of active ingredients through increasing the hydrophilicity, stability, permeability, and targeting characteristics, further enhancing anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of active ingredients for cancer immunomodulation, highlight nano-formulated deliveries of active ingredients for cancer immunotherapy, and provide insights into the future applications in the emerging field of nano-formulated active ingredients of CHMs.

关键词： Chinese herbal medicines Nano-formulation Activeingredients Drug delivery Cancer immunotherapy Innate immune system Adaptive immune system

Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.J.OGILVIE leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE François COUNILLON Brynhildur DAVIÐSDÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK James R.MCGOODWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden Danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

Charting Disaster Recovery via Google Street View: A Social Science Perspective on Challenges Raised by the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第2期7卷 175-185页

作者： leslie Mabon School of Applied Social Studies Robert Gordon University

There is increasing interest in using Google Street View(GSV) for research purposes, particularly with regard to ‘‘virtually auditing'' the built environment to assess environmental quality. Research in this field to date generally suggests GSV is a reliable means of understanding the ‘‘real world'' environment. But limitations around the dates and resolution of images have been identified. An emerging strand within this literature is also concerned with the potential of GSV to understand recovery post-disaster. Using the GSV data set for the evacuated area around the Fukushima Dai'ichi nuclear power plant as a case study, this article evaluates GSV as a means of assessing disaster recovery in a dynamic situation with remaining uncertainty and a significant value and emotive dimension. The article suggests that GSV does have value in giving a high-level overview of the postdisaster situation and has potential to track recovery and resettlement over time. Drawing on social science literature relating to Fukushima, and disasters more widely, the article also argues it is imperative for researchers using GSV to reflect carefully on the wider socio-cultural contexts that are often not represented in the photo montage.

关键词： Digital representation of place Fukushima nuclear disaster Google Street View Post-disaster recovery Social dimensions of energy

Commercial Moon Landings Multiply

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Engineering 2023年第11期30卷 10-12页

作者： Mitch leslie Senior Technology Writer

Along with its familiar impact craters,the surface of the Moon sports numerous pale whorls and streaks known as lunar swirls[1].Likened to the pattern produced when someone pours cream into a cup of black coffee[2],the swirls can extend for more than 50 km and have puzzled researchers for centuries[3].Adding to their mystery,the features are associated with regions of magnetized rocks,an unusual attribute because the Moon lacks a magnetic field[3].Researchers do not know how the swirls are related to the magnetic fields or how they formed.

关键词： someone unusual Moon

Influence of pore pressure on tensile fracture growth in rocks： a new explanation based on numerical testing

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第3期9卷 412-426页

作者： Shou MA Jianchun GUO Lianchong LI leslie George THAM Yingjie XIA Chun'an TANG State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company Dongying 257000 China School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The diffusion of pore fluid pressures may create both spatial and temporal effective stress gradients that influence or control the development and evolution of fractures within rock masses. To better understand the controls on fracturing behavior, numerical simulations are performed using a progressive fracture modeling approach that shares many of the same natural kinematic features in rocks, such as fracture growth, nucleation, and termination. First, the pinch-off breaking test is numerically performed to investigate the tensile failure of a rock specimen in a uniform pore pressure field. In this numerical simulation, both mechanical and hydrological properties of a suite of rocks are measured under simulated laboratory conditions. The complete tensional failure process of the rock specimen under pore pressure was reproduced. Second, a double-notched specimen is numerically extended to investigate how the water flow direction or pore pressure gradient influences the fracture growth. An exhaustive sensitivity study is conducted that examines the effects of varying both hydrological and mechanical boundary conditions. The simulation results indicate that local fluid pressure gradients strongly influence the state of stress in the solids and, thereby, fracture growth. Fracture and strength behavior is influenced not only by the pore pressure magnitude on a local scale around the fracture tip, but also by the orientation and distribution of pore pressure gradients on a global scale. Increasing the fracture growth rate increases the local model permeability and decreases the sample strength. The results of this study may provide useful information concerning the degree of hydrological and mechanical coupling action under geologic conditions.

关键词： pore pressure effective stress heterogeneous numerical simulation fracture growth rock

Gold nanoparticles as dehydrogenase mimicking nanozymes for estradiol degradation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第9期30卷 1655-1658页

作者： Zijie Zhang leslie M. Bragg Mark R. Servos Juewen Liu Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada

Nanozyme catalysis has been mainly focused on a few chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates, while environmentally and biologically important compounds need to be tested to advance the field. In this work, we studied oxidation of estradiol(E2) in the presence of various nanomaterials including gold nanoparticles(AuNPs), nanoceria(CeO2), Fe3O4, Fe2O3, MnO2 and Mn2O3, and found that AuNPs had a dehydrogenase-mimicking activity to convert E2 to estrone(E1). This conversion was monitored using HPLC. The reaction was faster at higher pH and reached saturation at pH 8. Smaller AuNPs had a higher catalytic efficiency and 5 nm AuNPs were 4.8-fold faster than 13 nm at the same total surface area. Finally,we tried 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2) as a substrate and found that 5 nm AuNPs can catalyze EE2 oxidation in the presence of H2O2. This work indicated that some nanomaterials can affect environmentally important hormones via oxidation reactions, and this study has expanded the scope of substrate of nanozymes.

关键词： Nanozymes Estradiol Gold nanoparticles Catalysis Environment HPLC

Data Selection Using Support Vector Regression

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第3期32卷 277-286页

作者： Michael B.RICHMAN Lance M.leslie Theodore B.TRAFALIS Hicham MANSOURI School of Meteorology and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies University of OklahomaNorman Oklahoma 73072 USA School of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of OklahomaNorman Oklahoma 73019 USA Power Costs Inc. 301 David L.Boren Blvd.Suite 2000 Norman Oklahoma 73072 USA

Geophysical data sets are growing at an ever-increasing rate,requiring computationally efficient data selection （thinning） methods to preserve essential ***,such as WindSat,provide large data sets for assessing the accuracy and computational efficiency of data selection techniques.A new data thinning technique,based on support vector regression （SVR）,is developed and *** manage large on-line satellite data streams,observations from WindSat are formed into subsets by Voronoi tessellation and then each is thinned by SVR （TSVR）.Three experiments are *** first confirms the viability of TSVR for a relatively small sample,comparing it to several commonly used data thinning methods （random selection,averaging and Barnes filtering）,producing a 10％ thinning rate （90％ data reduction）,low mean absolute errors （MAE） and large correlations with the original data.A second experiment,using a larger dataset,shows TSVR retrievals with MAE ＜ 1 m s-1 and correlations ≥ *** was an order of magnitude faster than the commonly used thinning methods.A third experiment applies a two-stage pipeline to TSVR,to accommodate online *** pipeline subsets reconstruct the wind field with the same accuracy as the second experiment,is an order of magnitude faster than the nonpipeline ***,pipeline TSVR is two orders of magnitude faster than commonly used thinning methods that ingest the entire data *** study demonstrates that TSVR pipeline thinning is an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to commonly used data selection techniques.

关键词： data selection data thinning machine learning support vector regression Voronoi tessellation pipeline methods

Method for rapid on-site identification of VOCs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 1005-1008页

作者： Justin D Fair William F Bailey Robert A Felty Amy E Gifford Benjamin Shultes leslie H Volles Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269-3060 USA. INFICON Inc. 2 Technology Place East Syracuse New York 13057 USA

Rapid on-site identification of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air is an important first step in remediation efforts. This study describes modification of a commercially available, portable GC/MS system and development of an analysis protocol for rapid （〈 3 min） sampling and identification of VOCs typically found at contaminated sites at the low ppbv level.

关键词： field analysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer toxic industrial chemicals thermal desorption

Analysis of Job Satisfaction of University Professors from Nine Chinese Universities

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Frontiers of Education in China 2010年第3期5卷 430-449页

作者： Ping Du Manhong Lai leslie N.K.Lo Faculty of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China The Department of Educational Administration and Policy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Research on work life and job satisfaction of university professors is becoming an important research issue in the field of higher education. This study used questionnaires administered to 1 770 teachers from different levels, types, and academic fields of Chinese universities to investigate job satisfaction among university professors and the relationship between job satisfaction of university professors and the organizational characteristics of the university. The job satisfaction of Chinese university professors includes six dimensions: career development and school management, teaching and research services, salary, benefits and logistical services, professional reputation, teaching and research facilities, and the work itself. The overall job satisfaction levels are close to average, with salary and benefits receiving the lowest level of satisfaction. The organizational characteristics of universities, such as school type, school level, academic field, organizational climate, evaluation orientation, and school management, all have significant effects on the overall job satisfaction of university professors. The organizational climate and school level affect all six dimensions of job satisfaction among university professors.

关键词： job satisfaction university professors organizational characteristics organizational climate