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The Beneficial Effect of Trichoderma spp. in seed Treatment of Four Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

American Journal of Plant sciences 2023年第6期14卷 625-637页

作者： José Luis Arispe-Vázquez Abiel sánchez-Arizpe Daniel Alejandro Cadena-Zamudio Ma. Elizabeth Galindo-Cepeda David Heriberto Noriega-Cantú Oscar Guadalupe Barrón-Bravo leslie carnero-avilés Juan Mayo-Hernández susana Elizabeth Ramírez-sánchez Adriana Antonio-Bautista Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Iguala de la Independencia Guerrero México Departamento de Parasitología Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Saltillo México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Altamira México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Delicias México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Tepatitlán de Morelos Jalisco México Departamento de Fitomejoramiento Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Saltillo México

Maize is the main crop for Mexicans;however, it is affected by species of fungi causing ear rot. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of T. asperellum T11, T. harzianum T1 4 y T. longibrachiatum T1 40 on some agronomic variables of four maize genotypes. The seeds of the genotypes H-515, Zapata 7, and H-507 were treated with a suspension of Trichoderma spp. to 1 × 10sup>8sup> spores mLsup>-1sup>, using a control (untreated seed), and Benomyl as chemical control. The planting was in Morelos, in a completely random block design with a factorial arrangement. The ear rot was natural. Data were obtained at the end of the crop cycle and processed in sAs 9.4sup>sup>®sup>sup>. H-515 genotype had the greatest effect on the treatment of maize seeds with Trichoderma spp. (5.562 kg);T. asperellum T11 was the strain that stood out with a mean yield of 50 ears in an area of 16 msup>2sup> of 4.904 kg, and control of 4.448 kg. Our results are an economic option for farmers to contemplate the use of Trichoderma and obtain its benefits.

关键词： seeds Treatment Trichoderma asperellum Ear Rot Yield

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Trends in Global and Mexico Research in Wildfires: A Bibliometric Perspective

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第2期13卷 182-199页

作者： Daniel Alejandro Cadena Zamudio Betsabé Ruiz Guerra José Luis Arispe Vázquez José German Flores Garnica leslie carnero avilés Rocío Toledo Aguilar David Heriberto Noriega Cantú Adriana Antonio Bautista Juan Mayo Hernandez David Castillo Quiroz Norma Tolama Nava Roger Guevara Hernández Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Iguala de la Independencia Guerrero México Instituto de Ecología A.C Xalapa Veracruz México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Tepatitlán Guadalajara México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Delicias Chihuahua México Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Saltillo Coahuila México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias Saltillo Coahuila México

In the last two decades, unprecedented changes have taken place in the frequency and severity of wildfires;in different regions of the world, some fires were even classified as megafires. Although there are studies about the diverse effects of fire, which have made significant theoretical contributions, a comprehensive review of the changes in fire research is required to understand worldwide patterns, particularly in those countries where fire activity is on the rise, such is the case of Mexico. The objective of this study was to analyze the trends in the research on wildfires published in Mexico and worldwide over a 40-year timescale. For this purpose, the Web of science database, bibliometric tools, and the keywords TI = Forest fire* OR TI = Wildfire* were used to extract as many articles as possible related to fires from 1980 to 2020, without being restricted to those studies whose title included any of the variants of the keywords. There were 8458 publications about fires in the vegetation cover, with a notable increase in the frequency of studies in the previous decade;52% of the studies were concentrated in five countries and 20% of the articles focused on the study of different aspects of the soil. Mexico ranks thirteenth in volume of scientific production and studies in the country have focused mainly on the description of the quantitative relationship between the size of the affected area and the number of occurrences in the landscape, meanwhile, studies on fires and the consequences on the biotic interactions have been little explored.

关键词： Global Warming Fire Regime Forest Ecosystems Biotic Interactions Anthropogenic Activities

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Can Giant Microchips Become a Big Deal?

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 6-8页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

For decades,manufacturers have boasted about how small they can make microchip *** have shrunk by about 1000-fold over the last 50 years,for example[1].But Cerebras systems,*** sunnyvale,CA,UsA takes pride in how big its chips *** from a single silicon wafer,its Wafer-scale Engine(WsE)-2 chips measure 46225 mm^(2),56 times the size of a standard Nvidia microprocessor(Fig.1)[2].

关键词： microprocessor Microchip Engine

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Add-on Renewables Aim to Decrease Impact and Increase Benefits

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 10-12页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

In the south Boulder Canal near Denver,CO,UsA,turbine blades that resemble the mixers used to stir cake batter in kitchens(Fig.1)spin in the rushing water[1].Each of the turbines,manufactured by Emrgy of Atlanta,GA,UsA,generates up to 25 kW of electricity for the area’s grid[2].In an orchard in southern Italy,an arcade of solar panels stands above rows of citron trees,which are valuable for the essential oils in their fruits[3].The solar panels not only produce electricity for local homes,but also protect the trees from the sun,reducing their water use by 70%[3].These are two examples of a clean energy trend:integrating power-generation with other *** the approach called agrivoltaics,for example,farmers and ranchers grow crops or raise livestock around and beneath solar panels(Fig.2)[4].Experts hope that such add-on strategies can spare farmland,cut the environmental costs of clean energy development,supply extra income to landowners,and furnish other benefits[5,6].

关键词： income beneath integrating

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Is There a Bright Future for solar Power from space?

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 9-11页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

Late in the evening of May 22,2023,a team of researchers at the California Institute of Technology(Caltech)in Pasadena,CA,UsA,measured a faint beam of microwaves emanating from a solar-powered satellite 550 km *** send signals to Earth all the time,but this occasion was *** satellite car-ried a unique transmitter developed by the Caltech researchers,a 30 cm by 30 cm array of polyimide and copper designed to be lightweight and *** that transmitter,the satellite became the first spacecraft to direct solar power captured in space to the Earth’s surface.

关键词： Earth solar lightweight

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seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roach Luke C.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod leslie s.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(Catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush seasonal change stereotypy syntax

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人工智能能耗惊人

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 7-9页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

In the month of August 2023,more than 180 million users logged on to ChatGPT(Fig.1)[1],the famous artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot[2].Developed by san Francisco,CA,UsA-based OpenAI,ChatGPT can write prose in the style of Ernest Hemingway,generate computer code,help jobseekers craft their resumes,furnish reasonably accurate medical diagnoses,and perform a range of other sophisticated tasks[2-5].People who sign up for the free version of ChatGPT-as well as anyone else accessing the many Al-enhanced search engines and programs that are now available-do not have to pay for the *** it is not actually free.

关键词：人工智能 computer artificial

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Robotic-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testicular cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 121-127页

作者： George McClintock Ahmed s.Goolam Don Perera Ryan Downey scott leslie Peter Grimison Henry Woo Peter Ferguson Nariman Ahmadi Department of Urology Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Anaesthesia Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia The University of sydney SydneyNSW2006Australia Department of Medical Oncology Chris O'Brien LifehouseSydneyNSWAustralia

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular ***:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our *** were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological *** statistics are ***:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior *** median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)*** blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)*** length of stay was 2(range 1-11)*** robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day *** median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)*** patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory *** patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had ***:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low *** oncological outcomes are *** cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.

关键词： Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection Robotic surgery Testicular cancer Retroperitoneal node dissection

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人工智能或将引发科学革命

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 4-6页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

A drug developer trying to devise a new cancer treatment,a virologist investigating how a virus invades cells,an evolutionary biologist probing the effects of mutations on an organism’s fitness—these are just some of the scientists who need to know the three-dimensional structures of specific ***,deducing a protein’s shape through experiments is laborious and costly[1].

关键词：人工智能 cancer treatment

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日本福岛核污染水排海引发争议

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 6-8页

作者： Mitch leslie senior Technology Writer

In late August 2023,China cut off seafood imports from Japan[1]and criticized its neighbor for being “extremely selfish and irresponsible”[2].In seoul,the Republic of Korea,protesters marched through the streets,held a candlelight vigil,and attempted to force their way into the Japanese embassy[3].The environmental organization Greenpeace denounced Japan for violating human rights and breaking international law[4].

关键词：核污染 breaking peace

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