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A new method for precise optical measurements of the sub-micron height of levitation of droplet clusters

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 173-178页

作者： Alexander A.Fedorets Eduard E.Kolmakov leonid A.Dombrovsky University of Tyumen 6 Volodarskogo StTyumen625003Russia Engineering Faculty Ariel UniversityP0.B.3407000ArielIsrael Joint Institute for High Temperatures 17A Krasnokazarmennaya StMoscow111116Russia

Droplet clusters levitating over the locally heated water surface are considered a very promising phe-nomenon of microfluidics for the potential use of the droplets as unique microreactors for microbio-logical experiments.A new optical method is suggested for precise measurements of the sub-micron levitation height of single *** method is based on the analysis of variable colors of the inter-ference halo around the *** the first time,it is possible to measure the extremely low downward velocity of droplets,which grow due to steam *** velocity was found to be 5-8 nm/*** height of the levitation of various droplets just before their coalescence with a layer of water was also *** measurements might be used for the verification of sophisticated models for the droplet levitation to be developed for a very thin layer of humid air under the droplet when the Knudsen effect should be taken into account.

关键词： Precise measurements Interferometric method Droplet cluster Levitation height

A systematic review of cytoreductive prostatectomy outcomes and complications in oligometastatic disease

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 208-220页

作者： Andrey Morozov leonid Chuvalov Mark Taratkin Mikhail Enikeev leonid Rapoport Nirmish Singla Eric Barret Elena Poddubskaya Maria Borodina Georg Salomon Juan Gomez Rivas Dmitry Enikeev Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov UniversityMoscowRussia Young Academic Urologists EAUthe Netherlands Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA Department of Urology Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParisFrance Sechenov University MoscowRussia Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research InstituteMoscowRussia Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute MoscowRussia Martini Clinic University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Urology Clinico San Carlos University HospitalMadridSpain Department of Urology Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria

Objective: To analyze outcomes and complications of cytoreductive prostatectomy (CRP) for oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa) in order to elucidate its role in this ***: We performed a systematic literature search using three databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science). The primary endpoints were oncologic outcomes. The secondary endpoints were complication rates and functional ***: In all studies, overall survival was better or at least comparable variable in the groups with CRP compared to no local treatment. The greatest benefit from CRP in 5-year overall survival in one study was 67.4% for CRP versus 22.5% for no local treatment. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) showed the same trend. Several authors found significant benefits from CSS in the CRP group: from 79% vs. 46% to 100% vs. 61%. CRP was a predictor of better CSS (hazard ratio 0.264, p=0.004). Positive surgical margin rates differed widely from 28.6% to 100.0%. Urinary continence in CRP versus RP for localized PCa was significantly lower (57.4% vs. 90.8%, p<0.0001). Severe incontinence occurred seldom (2.5%-18.6%). Total complication rates after CRP differed widely, from 7.0% to 43.6%. Rates of grades 1 and 2 events prevailed. Patients on ADT alone also showed a considerable number of complications varying from 5.9% to 57.7%.Conclusion: CRP improves medium-term cancer control in patients with oligometastatic PCa. The morbidity and complication rates of this surgery are comparable with other approaches, but postoperative incontinence rate is higher compared with RP for localized disease.

关键词： Systematicreview Prostatecancer Oligometastatic Bone metastases Cytoreductive prostatectomy

A Review on the Influence of In-cylinder Turbulence Type on Combustion Characteristics of High Power-Density Diesel Engine

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年

作者： Zhongxi Tong Han Wu Zhicheng Shi leonid Myagkov School of Mechanical Engineering， Beijing Institute of Technology Department of Piston Engines， Bauman Moscow State Technical University

With the continuous improvement of performance requirements， direct injection diesel engines have gradually developed towards more small， lightweight， and high power， named as high power-density. It needs more injected fuel can be mixed and burn at the same duration time to guarantee the thermal-power conversion effects. It is required that the combustion system has a fast mixing speed of fuel and gas， and a fast combustion speed. Organizing appropriate cylinder turbulence is an effective means of optimizing combustion to reach requirements. The current work is aim to investigates and summarizes the influence of different types of in cylinder turbulence coursed by intake， spray， and combustion chamber configuration on the performance of a highly intensified diesel engine from the three causes of turbulence. The comparative study found that the adoption of a separate combustion chamber， the increase of intake swirl and number of nozzles can have positive effect on the optimization of the combustion process of a highly intensified diesel engine， but for different combustion chamber types， the influence of intake swirl and spray parameters was different. The separated combustion chamber is more sensitive to spray parameters than the combustion chamber without wall guide design. Compared with the transverse separated combustion chamber， the longitudinal separated combustion chamber is more suitable for large intake swirl ratio. For a specific combustion chamber structure， both intake swirl and spray parameters have optimal values.

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Pulsed THz radiation under ultrafast optical discharge of vacuum photodiode

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 99-112页

作者： Aleksandr Ushakov Kseniia Mamaeva leonid Seleznev Georgy Rizaev Vladimir Bukin Timophey Dolmatov Pavel Chizhov Vladimir Bagdasarov Sergey Garnov Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991Russia Physical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny 141700Russia Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information Moscow 125190Russia

In this paper,we first present an experimental demonstration of terahertz radiation pulse generation with energy up to 5 pJ under the electron emission during ultrafast optical discharge of a vacuum *** use a femtosecond optical excitation of metallic copper photocathode for the generation of ultrashort electron bunch and up to 45 kV/cm external electric field for the photo-emitted electron *** of terahertz pulses energy as a function of emitted charge density,incidence angle of optical radiation and applied electric field have been *** and polarization characteristics of generated terahertz pulses have also been *** proposed semi-analytical model and simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics prove the experimental data and allow for the optimization of experimental conditions aimed at flexible control of radiation parameters.

关键词： Electron emission Vacuum photodiode Ultrafast excitation Terahertz

Spherically Symmetric Problem of General Relativity for a Fluid Sphere

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 401-415页

作者： Valery V. Vasiliev leonid V. Fedorov Institute of Applied Mechanics of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The paper is devoted to a spherically symmetric problem of General Relativity (GR) for a fluid sphere. The problem is solved within the framework of a special geometry of the Riemannian space induced by gravitation. According to this geometry, the four-dimensional Riemannian space is assumed to be Euclidean with respect to the space coordinates and Riemannian with respect to the time coordinate. Such interpretation of the Riemannian space allows us to obtain complete set of GR equations for the external empty space and the internal spaces for incompressible and compressible perfect fluids. The obtained analytical solution for an incompressible fluid is compared with the Schwarzchild solution. For a sphere consisting of compressible fluid or gas, a numerical solution is presented and discussed.

关键词： General Relativity Spherically Symmetric Problem Fluid Sphere

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铁镁电气石Y位阳离子主导的构效关系

硅酸盐学报 2024年第10期52卷 3192-3204页

作者：周琳张伟周磊郭铭董发勤 Kotova Elena leonidovna Kotov leonid Nafanailovichd 西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室西南科技大学分析测试中心四川西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室西南科技大学环境与资源学院 MiningMuseum St.Petersburg Mining University Department of Radiophysics and Electronics Syktyvkar State University

具有特异性对称结构的天然自发极化矿物—电气石被广泛应用于环保和医疗保健领域，厘清电气石成分–结构–性能之间的作用关系可为电气石行业提供性能最优的理想构型，为其他天然复杂矿物的构效分析和性能调控提供方法参考。通过对含铁... 详细信息

具有特异性对称结构的天然自发极化矿物—电气石被广泛应用于环保和医疗保健领域，厘清电气石成分–结构–性能之间的作用关系可为电气石行业提供性能最优的理想构型，为其他天然复杂矿物的构效分析和性能调控提供方法参考。通过对含铁电气石样品进行全成分、端元占位、晶体微结构和自发极化性能分析，揭示了铁镁电气石成分–微结构–自发极化性能的影响控制过程：在铁含量高于镁含量的电气石中，晶胞体积随镁含量升高而升高，Fe2+含量越高且Z位含铁时，电气石多面体扭曲增强，固有电偶极矩增大；在铁含量低于镁含量的电气石中，晶胞体积随铁含量升高而增大，结构扭曲和固有电偶极矩随铁含量的升高而减弱，随Fe2+含量增大而增大；自发极化性测试证明电气石的性能强弱与固有电偶极矩变化规律一致；整理过往文献数据，分析Y位阳离子主导下的电气石固有电偶极矩变化趋势，揭示以Fe元素为主要影响因素的构效关系：当Mg/Fe摩尔比小于1时，电气石性能随Fe含量的减小而减弱；当Mg/Fe摩尔比大于1时，电气石的性能随Fe含量减小而增强；而当Mg/Fe摩尔比大于2时，其自发极化性上升趋势则趋于平稳。

关键词：铁镁电气石 Y位阳离子自发极化性构效关系

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酿酒酵母中基于CRISPR/Cas9工具的基因编辑与代谢调控研究进展

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微生物学杂志 2024年第2期44卷 1-18页

作者：安迎锋梁瑶崑高嵩 leonid N Valentovich 沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院辽宁沈阳110161 National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Institute of MicrobiologyBelarus Minsk 220084

CRISPR/Cas9系统已广泛用于各种生物体的基因编辑和代谢工程。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9在酿酒酵母中的基本原理和实际应用。首先总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术的发展历史、酿酒酵母基因组中基因缺失和多DNA片段插入的成功案例。这一先进的系统减... 详细信息

CRISPR/Cas9系统已广泛用于各种生物体的基因编辑和代谢工程。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9在酿酒酵母中的基本原理和实际应用。首先总结了CRISPR/Cas9技术的发展历史、酿酒酵母基因组中基因缺失和多DNA片段插入的成功案例。这一先进的系统减少了劳动力,增强了对分子遗传学的理解,加速了微生物工程的发展。其次总结了基于CRISPR/Cas9的系统在生产高附加值化学品和提高酿酒酵母耐应激性方面的研究进展。该综述对酿酒酵母的遗传和合成生物学研究具有重要的参考价值。

关键词：次生代谢产物代谢工程合成生物学抗逆性酿酒酵母

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RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.Whitlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel Martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov leonid V.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

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莫斯科-喀山高速铁路沿线大气冻融指数时空变化特征

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长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版) 2024年

作者：张志超游志浪许健彭洋 Gagarin leonid 西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院西安建筑科技大学陕西省岩土与地下空间工程重点实验室俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院梅尔尼科夫冻土研究所

【目的】“莫斯科-喀山高速铁路”（莫喀高铁）是我国参与高纬度地区的重要代表性工程，为助力此工程设计与建设，十分有必要掌握沿线气温特征。【方法】基于英国东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia， UEA）气候研究中心（Climati... 详细信息

【目的】“莫斯科-喀山高速铁路”（莫喀高铁）是我国参与高纬度地区的重要代表性工程，为助力此工程设计与建设，十分有必要掌握沿线气温特征。【方法】基于英国东英吉利大学（University of East Anglia， UEA）气候研究中心（Climatic Research Unit， CRU）1901-2021年CRU格点数据月平均气温数据集，研究了莫喀高铁沿线的气温冻融指数变化趋势及空间变化特征。【结果】莫喀高铁沿线地区1901-2021年年冻结指数平均值介于411.23℃·d～1773.70℃·d之间，总体呈现波动下降趋势；年融化指数平均值介于2223.69℃·d～3170.31℃·d之间，总体呈现波动上升趋势，这表明莫喀高铁沿线的年平均气温自1901年到2021年在逐渐升高。在空间分布上，莫喀高铁沿线地区1901-2021年的多年平均冻结指数呈现出明显的由西向东递增的趋势，多年平均冻结指数介于841.553℃·d～1360.13℃·d之间，而该地区多年平均融化指数整体相差不大，介于2654.4℃·d～2748.63℃·d之间，由中部向东西两侧递增，这表明：自下诺夫哥罗德到莫斯科地区气温逐渐降低，而自下诺夫哥罗德到喀山地区气温逐渐升高，得出莫喀高铁沿线气温自西向东逐渐升高，莫斯科地区升温相对不明显，而喀山是该沿线升温最明显的地区。【结论】采用CRU格点气温数据集来研究莫喀高铁沿线大气冻融指数时空变化特征是一种较为有效的手段，同时也为研究该高速铁路沿线的气候变化特征、冻土状态和其他工程建设提供科学借鉴。

关键词：莫喀高铁沿线月平均气温冻结指数融化指数时空变化特征冻土变化