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Dupilumab in Children with Uncontrolled Moderate-to-Severe Asthma

四川生理科学杂志 2021年第10期43卷 1816-1816页

作者： leonard b bacharier From Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Nashville (L.B.B.) Fundación CIDEA Buenos Aires (J.F.M.) Campbelltown Hospital Campbelltown NSW and Western Sydney University Sydney (C.H.K.) — both in Australia bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS Rome (A.G.F.) Clinique Spécialisée en Allergie de la Capitale Quebec QC Canada (R.G.) Hospital Vall d’Hebron Barcelona (I.M.) Arizona Allergy and Immunology Research Gilbert (N.J.) Peninsula Research Associates Rolling Hills Estates CA (L.D.S.) Sanofi Bridgewater NJ (X.M. U.K. P.J.R. E.L.) Sanofi Beijing (D.L.) Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Tarrytown NY (Y.Z. F.A.K. Y.D. M.R. D.M.W. G.D.Y. N.A. D.J.L.) Sanofi Chilly-Mazarin France (A.H.K. L.P.M.) and Sanofi Genzyme Cambridge MA (N.P. M.H.).

background:Children with moderate-to-severe asthma continue to have disease complications despite the receipt of standardof-care *** monoclonal antibody dupilumab has been approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents with asthma as well as with other type 2 inflammatory ***:In this 52-week phase 3,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial,we assigned 408 children between the ages of 6 and 11 years who had uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma to receive a subcutaneous injection of dupilumab(at a dose of 100 mg for those weighing≤30 kg and 200 mg for those weighing>30 kg)or matched placebo every 2 *** the children continued to receive a stable dose of standard background *** primary end point was the annualized rate of severe asthma *** end points included the change from baseline in the percentage of predicted prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second(ppFEV1)at week 12 and in the score on the Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 Interviewer-Administered(ACQ-7-IA)at week *** points were evaluated in the two primary efficacy populations who had either a type 2 inflammatory asthma phenotype(≥150 blood eosinophils per cubic millimeter or a fraction of exhaled nitric oxide of≥20 ppb at baseline)or a blood eosinophil count of at least 300 cells per cubic millimeter at baseline.

关键词： millimeter cubic continued

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Pollination systems, biogeography,and divergence times of three allopatric species of Schisandra in North America,China,and Japan

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 330-338页

作者： leonard b.THIEN Cell and Molecular biology Department Tulane University

This study analyses the pollination systems and biogeography of three allopatric species of Schisandra (Section Euschisandra) consisting of *** (North America),*** (China),and *** (Japan);the clade is delimited in a phylogenetic tree of Schisandraceae constructed with nuclear and plastid *** male and female flowers of these species have similar floral structures,but exhibit different pollination *** the base of the clade,*** is pollinated by a wide variety of beetles and flies in a generalist pollination system that also includes floral heat and the use of male and female flowers as brood sites for *** Asia,however,*** and *** are pollinated exclusively by one or two different species of gall midges (Resseliella spp.) in a specialist pollination *** this system only female,pollen-eating gall midges pollinate the flowers and breed on nearby *** gall midge pollination system is specialized and derived from the generalist system in ***,and basal in the *** is the main floral resource,and we hypothesize it is exploited to enrich eggs,and as a result species of gall midges could increase reproductive fitness by feeding on a single dependable food *** the life cycles of the plants and insects evolved into a tight association in old stable plant communities in the Sino-Japanese *** times for the plant species are presented and correlated with past distributions and migration routes.

关键词： biogeography Diptera phylogeny pollination Resseliella Schisandra.

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Dynamic Simulations of Post-stall Performance in Multistage Axial Compressors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第4期21卷 311-321页

作者： DU Wenhai ZHU JunQiang Olivier leonard University of Liege Turbomachinery Group b-4000 Liege Belgium Institute of Engineering Thermophysics ChineseAcademy of Sciences China Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Liege Turbomachinery Group Chemin des chevreuils 1 b-4000 Liege Belgium

In this contribution a quasi-one-dimensional tool for stationary and transient simulations of post-stall flows in multistage axial compressors is presented. An adapted version of the 1D Euler equations with additional source terms is discretized with a finite volume method and solved in time by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The equations are discretized at midspan both inside the blade rows and the non-bladed regions. The source terms express the blade-flow interactions and are estimated by calculating the velocity triangles for each blade row. Loss and deviation correlations are implemented and compared to experimental data in normal flow, stalled flow and reversed flow regions. Transient simulations are carried out and a parameter study is presented to analyze the shape of the surge cycles and the frequency of the surge oscillations. At last, a bleeding control strategy is implemented to study the recoverability of the instabilities in a compression system.

关键词： surge axial compressor dynamic simulation quasi-one-dimensional model bleeding control

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Cellulose synthesis in land plants

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Molecular Plant 2023年第7期16卷 206-231页

作者： Gustav b.Pedersen leonard blaschek Kristian E.H.Frandsen Lise C.Noack Staffan Persson Copenhagen Plant Science Center(CPSC) Department of Plant&Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871Frederiksberg CDenmark Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion,protection,and a means of directional growth to *** microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these *** biosynthesis of cellulose,which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth’s most abundant biopolymer,is finely attuned to developmental and environmental *** understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in,for example,structural biology and ***,we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure,function,and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory *** aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field,and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.

关键词： plant cell wall cellulose microfibrils cellulose synthases membrane proteins cytoskeleton protein interaction

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Susceptibility of field populations of sugarcane borer from non-bt and bt maize plants to five individual Cry toxins

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 570-578页

作者： Fangneng Huang Mukti N. Ghimire b. Rogers leonard Yu-Cheng Zhu Graham P. Head Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Winnsboro Louisiana Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center USDA-ARS Stoneville Mississippi Monsanto Company St. Louis Missouri USA

Sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis （E）, is a major target of transgenic maize expressing bacillus thuringiensis （bt） proteins in South America and the US mid- south region. Resistance development in target pest populations is a major threat to the sustainable use of bt crops. In our field trials in 2009, a significant number of live borers and plant injury fi＇om D. saccharalis were observed in an experimental SmartStaxTM maize line. The objective of this study was to assess the relative susceptibility of two field popula- tions ofD. saccharalis collected from non-bt and bt maize plants containing SmartStaxTM traits to five individual Cry proteins. The five bt proteins included two proteins （Cry 1A. 105 and Cry2Ab2） that were expressed in SmartStaxTM maize plants and three other common bt proteins （Cry 1Aa, Cry 1Ab and Cry l Ac） that were not produced in SmartStaxTM. Larval mortality and growth inhibition on bt diet of the fourth generation after field collections were evaluated 7 days after release of neonates on the diet surface. The laboratory bioassays showed that 50% lethal concentration （LCs0） values for CrylA. 105 and Cry2Ab2 for the population originated from bt plants were 3.55- and 1.34-fold greater, respectively, than those of the population collected from non-bt plants. In contrast, relative to the popula- tion from non-bt plants, the LCs0 of the population sampled from bt plants were 3.85-, 2.5- and 1.64-fold more sensitive to CrylAa, CrylAb and CrylAc, respectively. The re- sults did not provide clear evidence to conclude that the observed field survival of D. saccharalis on bt plants was associated with increased levels of resistance.

关键词： bacillus thuringiensis maize stalk borer susceptibility transgenic crops

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Local communities' participation in decision-making processes through planning and budgeting in African countries

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第1期11卷 10-16页

作者： leonard I.Chirenje Richard A.Giliba Emmanuel b.Musamba Great Zimbabwe University Zimbabwe Forestry Training Institute Tanzania Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Tanzania

Community participation and community based management are topical themes in current policy and discussion revolving around decision-making processes especially those dealing with natural resources *** review shows that while governments have accepted the need to either cede or devolve control and management of natural resources to the local communities,the communities are not part and parcel of the planning and budgeting which are crucial in *** were seen to be more involved in the implementation of natural resource management programs but lacked ownership of the *** causes lack of commitment to the programs and at times hostile reaction from the *** communities are always at the receiving end when it pertains to losses in the *** participation was shown to be effective when the local population is involved not as co-operating users but as natural resource managers or owner managers.

关键词： decision-making community participation natural resources management planning budgeting

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Impact of deforestation on habitat connectivity thresholds for large carnivores in tropical forests

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 214-224页

作者： Miriam A.Zemanova Humberto L.Perotto-baldivieso Emily L.Dickins Andrew b.Gill John P.leonard David b.Wester School of Energy Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of BernBaltzerstrasse 63012 BernSwitzerland Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene MorenoAvenida Irala 565Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia Hensmans Farm Nearton EndSwanbourne MK170SLUK Cape Eleuthera Institute EleutheraBahamas

Introduction:Deforestation significantly impacts large carnivores that depend on large tracts of interconnected forest habitat and that are sensitive to human *** the relationship between habitat use and spatial distribution of such species across human modified landscapes is critical when planning effective conservation *** study assessed the presence of potential landscape connectivity thresholds resulting from habitat fragmentation associated with different deforestation patterns using a scale-based approach that links species-specific home ranges with the extent of anthropogenic *** objectives were(1)to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of natural vegetation for five common deforestation patterns and(2)to evaluate the connectivity associated with these patterns and the existence of potential thresholds affecting jaguar *** bolivian lowlands,located within jaguar conservation units,were analysed with landscape metrics to capture the spatial and temporal changes within deforested areas and to determine potential impact on jaguar connectivity and connectivity thresholds for ***:Over the period of 1976–2005,the amount of natural vegetation has decreased by more than 40%in all locations with the biggest changes occurring between 1991 and *** spatial structure around jaguar locations showed that jaguars used areas with mean proportion of natural areas=83.14%(SE=3.72%),mean patch density=1.16 patches/100 ha(SE=0.28 patches/100 ha),mean patch area=616.95 ha(SE=172.89 ha)and mean edge density=705.27 m/ha(SE=182.19 m/ha).We observed strong fragmentation processes in all study locations,which has resulted in the connectivity of jaguar habitat decreasing toby 2005.A connectivity threshold zone was observed when the proportion of natural vegetation was less than 58.4%(SE=1.3).Conclusions:Assessing fragmentation and connectivity for carnivores within the extent of human-modified la

关键词： bolivian lowlands Habitat fragmentation Landscape metrics Panthera onca Threshold

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Characterization and transcriptional analyses of cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteinases in CrylAb-susceptible and CrylAb-resistant strains of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 485-496页

作者： Yunlong Yang Yu Cheng Zhu James Ottea Claudia Husseneder b. Rogers leonard Craig Abel Randall Luttrell Fangneng Huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana Southern Insect Management Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Stoneville Mississippi Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa USA

Diatraea saccharalis is a major corn borer pest. Midgut serine proteinases are essential for insect growth and development. Alteration of midgut proteinases is re- sponsible for bt resistance development in some species. To clone midgut trypsin and chymotrypsin cDNAs and to test if the CrylAb resistance in D. saccharalis is associ- ated with changes in midgut proteinases, total midgut tryptic and chymotryptic activities, cDNA sequences, and gene expressions of three trypsin and three chymotrypsin genes were comparatively examined between Cry 1 Ab-susceptible （Cry 1 Ab- S S） and Cry 1 Ab-resistant （Cry 1 Ab-RR） strains. Full-length cDNAs encoding three trypsin- and three chymotrypsin- like proteinases were sequenced from CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR larvae. These cDNAs code for active forms of midgut serine proteinases with all fimctional motifs, includ- ing signal peptide, conserved His-Asp-Ser for the catalytic triad, three pairs of cysteines for disulfide bridge configurations, and conserved substrate specificity determination residues. In general, cDNA and putative protein sequences are highly similar between CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR strains, except for a few nucleotide and predicted amino acid substitutions, whose function need to be further clarified. Total trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were also similar between CrylAb-SS and CrylAb-RR strains. Transcriptional levels of the trypsin and chymotrypsin genes had numerical difference between Cry 1 Ab-SS and CrylAb-RR strains, but the difference was not statistically significant. Data suggest that the development of CrylAb resistance in D. saccharalis was not significantly as- sociated with these trypsins and chymotrypsins. Results clarified the role of six midgut proteinases and provided a foundation for continuing examination of potential involvement of other midgut proteinases in bt resistance development and other important biochemical processes.

关键词： bt cDNA chymotrypsin enzymatic activity resistance trypsin

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Cellulose synthesis in land plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 359-361页

作者： Gustav b.Pedersen leonard blaschek Kristian E.H.Frandsen Lise C.Noack Staffan Persson 不详

After the original publication of the above article,we and/or attentive readers identified several instances of unclear or erroneous writing that needed correcting,as *** are added for emphasis.

关键词： synthesis instance identif

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Artificial intelligence meets body sense: task-driven neural networks reveal computational principles of the proprioceptive pathway

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3147-3149页

作者： leonard E.van Dyck Frank bremmer Katharina Dobs Department of Psychology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and brain Sciences LeipzigGermany Center for Mind Brain and BehaviorUniversities of MarburgGiessenand DarmstadtMarburgGermany Department of Neurophysics Philipps-Universitat MarburgMarburgGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Marin Vargas and bisi et al.1 present an innovative approach to unravel the computational principles underlying proprioceptive processing in non-human *** findings showcase the utility of task-driven modeling in advancing neuroscience and offer translational potential by providing seminal insights into the goals and mechanisms by which the brain encodes body position and movements.

关键词： networks neural principles

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