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Constitutive basis of root system architecture:uncovering a promising trait for breeding nutrient-and drought-resilient crops

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aBIOTECH 2023年第4期4卷 315-331页

作者： Zhigang Liu Tongfei Qin Michaella Atienza Yang Zhao Hanh Nguyen Huajin Sheng Toluwase Olukayode Hao Song Karim Panjvani Jurandir Magalhaes William J.Lucas leon v.kochian Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4L8Canada Department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5C9Canada Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationSete LagoasMG 35701-970Brazil Department of Plant Biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Root system architecture(RSA)plays a pivotal role in efficient uptake of essential nutrients,such as phosphorous(P),nitrogen(N),and water In soils with heterogeneous nutrient distribution,root plasticity can optimize acquisition and plant ***,we present evidence that a constitutive RSA can confer benefits for sorghum grown under both sufficient and limiting growth *** studies,using P efficient SC103 and inefficient BTx635 sorghum cultivars,identified significant differences in root traits,with SC103 developing a larger root system with more and longer lateral roots,and enhanced shoot biomass,under both nutrient sufficient and deficient *** addition to this constitutive attribute,under P deficiency,both cultivars exhibited an initial increase in lateral root development;however,SC103 still maintained the larger root *** N deficiency and drought stress inhibited both root and shoot growth,for both sorghum cultivars,SC103 again maintained the better *** findings reveal that SC103,a P efficient sorghum cultivar,also exhibited enhanced growth performance under N deficiency and *** results provide evidence that this constitutive nature of RSA can provide an avenue for breeding nutrient-and drought-resilient crops.

关键词： Constitutive root system architecture Abiotic stress Nutrient efficiency Drought resilience Plant breeding

The role of aluminum sensing and signaling in plant aluminum resistance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 221-230页

作者： Jiping Liu Miguel A.Piros leon v.kochian USDA‐ARS Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Tower Road Cornell University

As researchers have gained a better understanding in recent years into the physiological, molecular, and genetic basis of how plants deal with aluminum （AI） toxicity in acid soils prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics, it has become clear that an important component of these responses is the triggering and regulation of cellular pathways and processes by AI. In this review of plant AI signaling, we begin by summarizing the understanding of physiological mechanisms of AI resistance, which first led researchers to realize that AI stress induces gene expression and modifies protein function during the activation of AI resistance responses. Subsequently, an overview of AI resistance genes and their function provides verification that AI induction of gene expression plays a major role in AI resistance in many plant species. More recent research into the mechanistic basis for Al-induced transcrip- tional activation of resistance genes has led to the identifica- tion of several transcription factors as well as cis-elements in the promoters of AI resistance genes that play a role in greater Al-induced gene expression as well as higher constitutive expression of resistance genes in some plant species. Finally, the post-transcriptional and translational regulation of AI resistance proteins is addressed, where recent research has shown that AI can both directly bind to and alter activity of certain organic acid transporters, and also influence AI resistance proteins indirectly, via protein phosphorylation.

关键词： ALMT aluminum resistance aluminum signaling aluminumtoxicity MATE

Plant mineral nutrient sensing and signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 190-191页

作者： leon v.kochian William J.Lucas Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA‐ARS Cornell University Department of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California

As terrestrial plants are sessile organisms and therefore must directly deal with an often complex and changing environment, they have had to develop complex and elegant strategies to survive and thrive in the face of environmental stress. This is particularly true for plant adaptation to the soil environment, where essential mineral nutrients often are found at sub- optimal levels and their concentrations can vary significantly, both spatially and temporally. Furthermore, plants also at times have to respond to excessively high and potentially toxic levels of essential nutrients, as well as toxic levels of non- essential metals and metalloids in the soil. Although plant mineral nutrition as a bona ~ide research discipline has a history of over 15o years, beginning with the pioneering work of Justus von Liebieg and others in the mid-1800＇s, it is only very recently that researchers have begun to truly appreciate how sophisticated plants are with regards to the sensing of their mineral status and the maintaining of mineral homeostasis in the plant.

关键词： Plant mineral nutrient sensing and signaling root

Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第4期5卷 728-745页

作者： Rahul Chandnani Tongfei Qin Heng Ye Haifei Hu Karim Panjvani Mutsutomo Tokizawa Javier Mora Macias Alma Armenta Medina Karine C.Bernardino Pierre-Luc Pradier Pankaj Banik Ashlyn Mooney Jurandir v.Magalhaes Henry T.Nguyen leon v.kochian Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada NRGene Canada 110 Research Dr Suite 101SaskatoonSKCanada Division of Plant Sciences and Technology University of MissouriColumbiaM065211USA School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences&Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs&Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding&Guangdong Rice Engineering LaboratoryGuangdongChina Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete LagoasBrazil

Nutrient-efficient root system architecture(RSA)is becoming an important breeding objective for generating crop varieties with improved nutrient and water acquisition *** variants shaping soybean RSA is key in improving nutrient and water ***,we report on the use of an improved 2-dimensional high-throughput root phenotyping platform that minimizes background noise by imaging pouch-grown root systems submerged in *** also developed a background image cleaning Python pipeline that computationally removes images of small pieces of debris and filter paper fibers,which can be erroneously quantified as root *** platform was used to phenotype root traits in 286 soybean lines genotyped with 5.4 million single-nucleotide *** was a substantially higher correlation in manually counted number of root tips with computationally quantified root tips(95%correlation),when the background was cleaned of nonroot materials compared to root images without the background corrected(79%).Improvements in our RSA phenotyping pipeline significantly reduced overestimation of the root traits influenced by the number of root ***-wide association studies conducted on the root phenotypic data and quantitative gene expression analysis of candidate genes resulted in the identification of 3 putative positive regulators of root system depth,total root length and surface area,and root system volume and surface area of thicker roots(DOF1-like zinc finger transcription factor,protein of unknown function,and C2H2 zinc finger protein).We also identified a putative negative regulator(gibberellin 20 oxidase 3)of the total number of lateral roots.

关键词： Python Root submerged

Identification of a novel pathway involving a GATA transcription factor in yeast and possibly in plant Zn uptake and homeostasis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 271-280页

作者： Matthew J.Milner Nicole S.Pence Jiping Liu leon v.kochian Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA‐ARS Cornell University Department of Plant Biology Cornell University

To gain a better understanding of the regulation of Zn homeostasis in plants and the degree of conservation of Zn homeostasis between plants and yeast, a cDNA library from the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant species, Noccaea caerulescens, was screened for its ability to restore growth under Zn limiting conditions in the yeast mutant zaplA. ZAP1 is a transcription factor that activates the Zn dependent transcription of yeast genes involved in Zn uptake, including ZRT1, the yeast high affinity Zn transporter. From this screen two members of the E2F family of transcription factors were found to activate ZRT1 expression in a Zn independent manner. The activation of ZRTI by the plant E2F proteins involves E2F- mediated activation of a yeast GATA transcription factor which in turn activates ZRT1 expression. A ZRT1 promoter region necessary for activation by E2F and GATA proteins is upstream of two zinc responsive elements previously shown to bind ZAP1 in ZRT1. This activation may not involve direct binding of E2F to the ZRT1 promoter. The expression of E2F genes in yeast does not replace function of ZAP1; instead it appears to activate a novel GATA regulatory pathway involved in Zn uptake and homeostasis that is not Zn responsive.

关键词： E2F transcription factor GATA transcription factor ZRT1 Znhomeostasis

Developmental and genomic architecture of plant embryogenesis: from model plant to crops

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Plant Communications 2021年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Alma Armenta-Medina C.Stewart Gillmor Peng Gao Javier Mora-Macias leon v.kochian Daoquan Xiang Raju Datla Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4J8Canada Laboratorio Nacional de Genòmica para la Biodiversidad(Langebio) Unidad de Genòmica AvanzadaCentro de Investigaciòny Estudios Avanzados del IPN(CINVESTAV-IPN)IrapuatoGuanajuatoMéxico National Research Council Canada 110 Gymnasium PlaceSaskatoonSK S7N 0W9Canada

Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant *** fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote,a totipotent cell that,through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis,establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult *** subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo,while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination,ensuring continuation of the plant life *** this review on embryogenesis,we compare the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops,focusing on genome activation,paternal and maternal regulation of early zygote development,and key organizers of patterning,such as auxin and WOX transcription *** the early stages of embryo development are apparently conserved among plant species,embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and *** diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation,and also assures seed germination in different environmental *** review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants,and the scope and applications of genomics in plant embryo studies.

关键词： embryogenesis embryo patterning zygote genome activation transcription factors genomics transcriptomics

Investigating molecular/physiological mechanisms of plant heavy metal accumulation using Thlaspi caerulescens as a model plant system

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Investigating molecular/physiological mechanisms of plant he...

Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

International Symposium on Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Health

作者： leon v.kochian Melinda Klein Ashot Papoyan Matthew Milner Hendrik Kupper Laura Ort Seib Nicole Pence US Plant Soil and Nutrition LaboratoryUSDA-ARSCornell University

＜正＞Our research program has been focusing on the molecular biology and physiology of heavy metal transport and tolerance in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant species,Thlaspi

关键词： Heavy metal transport hyperaccumulator metal tolerance Thlaspi caerulescens

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 230-241页

作者： Miguel A.Pieros Brandon G.Larson Jon E.Shaff David J.Schneider Alexandre Xavier Falcao Lixing Yuan Randy T.Clark Eric J.Craft Tyler W.Davis Pierre-Luc Pradier Nathanael M.Shaw Ithipong Assaranurak Susan R.Mc Couch Craig Sturrock Malcolm Bennett leon v.kochian USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health538 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14580USA Department of Information Systems Institute of ComputingUniversity of CampinasAv.Albert Einstein1251CEP 13083-852CampinasSPBrazil Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Centre for Plant Integrative Biology School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK College of Science King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

关键词： Abiotic stress digital root phenotyping mineral nutrition root system architecture

A comprehensive review of genetic causes of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 26-39页

作者： Marcio Jose Concepcion-Zavaleta Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Maria del Carmen Durand-vasquez Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio Juan del Carmen valencia de la Cruz Claudia Mercedes Barrueto-Callirgos Susan Luciana Puelles-leon Elena de Jesus Alvarado-leon Frans Leiva-Cabrera Francisca Elena Zavaleta-Gutierrez Luis Alberto Concepcion-Urteaga Jose Paz-Ibarra Universidad Cientifica del Sur Bolivar 2150 AvenuePueblo Libre15084LimaPeru Division of Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Family Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepénChepenPeru Division of Endocrinology Hospital Victor Lazarte EchegarayTrujilloPeru Division of Pediatrics Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Internal Medicine Hospital de Apoyo ChepenChepenPeru Division of Genetics Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Neonatology Hospital Belen de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Division of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional de TrujilloTrujilloPeru Department of Medicine School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPeru

Background Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease with a high,increasing worldwide *** causes account for 7%of the cases in children with extreme *** sources This narrative review was conducted by searching for papers published in the PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase and SciELO databases and included 161 *** search used the following search terms:"obesity","obesity and genetics","leptin","Prader-Willi syndrome",and"melanocortins".The types of studies included were systematic reviews,clinical trials,prospective cohort studies,cross-sectional and prospective studies,narrative reviews,and case *** The leptin-melanocortin pathway is primarily responsible for the regulation of appetite and body ***,several important aspects of the pathophysiology of obesity remain *** causes of obesity can be grouped into syndromic,monogenic,and polygenic causes and should be assessed in children with extreme obesity before the age of 5 years,hyperphagia,or a family history of extreme obesity.A microarray study,an analysis of the melanocortin type 4 receptor gene mutations and leptin levels should be performed for this *** are three therapeutic levels:lifestyle modifications,pharmacological treatment,and bariatric *** Genetic study technologies are in constant development;however,we are still far from having a personalized approach to genetic causes of obesity.A significant proportion of the affected individuals are associated with genetic causes;however,there are still barriers to its approach,as it continues to be underdiagnosed.

关键词： Leptin Melanocortin Obesity Prader-Willi syndrome Precision medicine