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Numerical analysis of a projecting wall type oscillating water column(PW-OWC)wave energy converter in regular waves

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第3期36卷 479-491页

作者： lei Tan Ruiyuan Chang Tomoki Ikoma Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering College of Science and TechnologyNihon UniversityChibaJapan

Oscillating water column(OWC)based wave energy absorption devices are classic which have been widely used for harnessing ocean wave *** paper presents a numerical study on a projecting wall(PW)type OWC wave energy converter in regular *** computational fluid dynamics(CFD)modelling of a stationary floating PW-OWC model in a three-dimensional wave flume is achieved by the software *** analyses are carried out based on CFD simulations and the linear potential flow solutions with modifications to account for turbine-induced *** present numerical solutions are validated against our previous experimental *** is found that both the CFD and modified linear potential flow predictions are in reasonably good agreements with the experimental data in the first order results of OWC and air pressure *** the nonlinear responses are included in the result,the modified linear potential flow solution is found to slightly under-estimate the wave energy conversion performance at long *** the airflows above and below the chamber orifice,the CFD results suggest that they are almost unidirectional,oscillating in not only the base frequency but also subharmonic and ultraharmonic *** evolution of the OWC responses during an entire period and the phase analysis based on CFD simulations are *** phase results provide the crucial evidence to the reasonability of the physics-based modification of the potential flow model in modelling of *** present results and analysis are expected to be beneficial to the understanding on the physical mechanism of OWCs and the design of phase control strategies.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation hydrodynamic analysis oscillating water column(OWC)damping orifice airflow phase difference

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Corrosion behavior of Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)thermal barrier coatings under Fe-containing environmental sediment attack

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第4期13卷 447-462页

作者： lei Guo Yanyan Li Kai Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology Key Lab of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of EducationTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Safety and Energy-saving for State Market Regulation China Special Equipment Inspection&Research InstituteBeijing 100029China

Environmental sediments mainly consisting of CaO–MgO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)(CMAS)corrosion are a serious threat to thermal barrier coatings(TBCs),in which Fe element is usually ***_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)TBCs are famous for their excellent CMAS *** this study,the characteristics of Fe-containing environmental sediments(CMAS-Fe)and their corrosiveness to Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)coatings were *** types of CMAS-Fe glass with different Fe contents were *** melting points were measured to be 1322–1344℃,and the high-temperature viscosity showed a decreasing trend with increasing Fe *** corrosion behavior of four types of CMAS-Fe to Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)coatings at 1350℃was *** the initial corrosion stage(0.1 h),anorthite was precipitated in CMAS-Fe with a high Ca:Si ratio,while Fe-garnet was formed in the melt with the highest Fe *** the corrosion time resulted in the formation of a reaction layer,which exhibited an interpenetrating network composed of Gd-oxyapatite,ZrO_(2),and residual *** spinel was precipitated within the reaction *** 1 h or even longer time,the reaction layers tended to be stable and compact,which had comparable hardness and fracture toughness to those of Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)*** the cyclic CMAS-Fe attack,the residual CMAS-Fe in the interpenetrating network provided a pathway for the redeposited CMAS-Fe infiltration,resulting in the continuous growth of the reaction *** a result,the Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)coatings had a large consumption in the thickness,degrading the coating ***,the Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7)coatings exhibit unsatisfactory corrosion resistance to CMAS-Fe attack.

关键词： thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) Gd_(2)Zr_(2)O_(7) Fe-containing CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO_(2)(CMAS) corrosion resistance reaction layer

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An improved bound on accelerated light dark matter

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 105-118页

作者： Liangliang Su lei Wu Bin Zhu Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Physics Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Physics Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China

Light(sub-GeV)dark matter has gained increasing interest in terms of direct *** dark matter is a promising candidate that can generate detectable nuclear recoil energy within the sub-GeV *** of the large kinetic energy,its interactions with the nucleus are predominantly governed by inelastic scattering,including quasi-elastic and deep inelastic *** this work,we calculated the inelastic effects in dark matter-Earth scattering mediated by a vector *** analysis revealed that the impact of inelastic scattering relies on the mediator mass and the kinetic energy spectrum of dark *** results exhibited considerable disparity:the upper bounds of the exclusion limit for the spin-independent cross-section between accelerated dark matter and nuclei via a heavy mediator differ by several tens of times when inelastic scattering is considered.

关键词： accelerated dark matter inelastic scattering direct detection experiment

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Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron(nZVI)for Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment:A Perspective

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 16-20页

作者： Shaolin Li lei Li Weixian Zhang State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

Industries such as non-ferrous metal smelting discharge billions of gallons of highly toxic heavy metal wastewater(HMW)worldwide annually,posing a severe challenge to conventional wastewater treatment plants and harming the *** is traditionally treated via chemical precipitation using lime,caustic,or sulfide,but the effluents do not meet the increasingly stringent discharge *** issue has spurred an increase in research and the development of innovative treatment technologies,among which those using nanoparticles receive particular *** such initiatives,treatment using nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)is one of the best *** nZVI is already well known for its site-remediation use,this perspective highlights its application in HMW treatment with metal *** demonstrate several advantages of nZVI in this wastewater application,including its multifunctionality in sequestrating a wide array of metal(loid)s(>30 species);its capability to capture and enrich metal(loid)s at low concentrations(with a removal capacity reaching 500 mg·g^(-1)nZVI);and its operational convenience due to its unique *** these advantages are attributable to nZVI’s diminutive nanoparticle size and/or its unique iron *** also present the first engineering practice of this application,which has treated millions of cubic meters of HMW and recovered tons of valuable metals(e.g.,Cu and Au).It is concluded that nZVI is a potent reagent for treating HMW and that nZVI technology provides an eco-solution to this toxic waste.

关键词： Nanoscale zero-valent iron Wastewater Heavy metal Resource recovery

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Progress and prospect of Pt-based catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen oxidation reactions

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 960-981页

作者： Xu Zhang Ying Xie lei Wang Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of ChinaHeilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China

To achieve the goals of the peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutral,the development and utilization of sustainable clean energy are extremely *** fuel cells are an important system for converting hydrogen energy into electrical ***,the slow hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)kinetics under alkaline conditions has limited its ***,elucidating the catalytic mechanism of HOR in acidic and alkaline media is of great significance for the construction of highly active and stable *** terms of practicality,Pt is still the primary choice for commercialization of fuel *** the above basis,we first introduced the hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory used to describe the HOR activity,as well as the pH *** that,the rational design strategies of Pt-based HOR catalysts were systematically classified and summarized from the perspective of activity *** addition,we further emphasized the importance of theoretical simulations and in situ characterization in revealing the HOR mechanism,which is crucial for the rational design of ***,the practical application of Pt-based HOR catalysts in fuel cells was also *** closing,the current challenges and future development directions of HOR catalysts were *** review will provide a deep understanding for exploring the mechanism of highly efficient HOR catalysts and the development of fuel cells.

关键词： Pt-based catalysts hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR) electrocatalytic mechanism hydrogen binding energy theory bifunctional theory

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Common Fixed Points for Multiplicative Contractions in Multiplicative Metric Spaces

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2024年第1期29卷 13-20页

作者： SONG Jiping LUO Tianqi lei lei College of Mathematics and Physics Leshan Normal UniversityLeshan 614000SichuanChina College of Mathematics Chengdu Normal UniversityChengdu 610000SichuanChina

The study delves into multiplicative contractions,exploring the existence and uniqueness of common fixed points for a weakly compatible pair of *** mappings adhere to specific multiplicative contraction conditions characterized by exponents expressed as fraction multiplicative metric *** is noted that a metric can induce a multiplicative metric,and conversely,a multiplicative metric can give a rise to a metric on a nonempty *** an application,another proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a multiplicative initial problem is given.

关键词： weakly compatible pair of mappings common fixed point multiplicative metric space

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Multiscale observation in wide-spatial radar surveillance based on coherent FDA design

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 232-252页

作者： lei YU Feng HE Yi SU College of Electronics Science National University of Defense Technology

Wide-spatial radar surveillance missions are challenging tasks, requiring an increased power budget and agility in transmission aimed at extracting information from multiple targets in different environments. These requirements necessitate high transmitting degrees of freedom(DOF) to achieve the objective of multiscale observation for specific tasks in specialized regions of interest. Herein, we exploit the multiscale observation ability in wide-spatial radar surveillance based on frequency diverse array(FDA)radar. The proposed method facilitates spatial anisotropic control of multiple radar resources, including the transmitting waveforms, beampattern, and bandwidth. By utilizing a coherent FDA radar, we offer principles for the selection of baseband waveforms, in addition to the quantitative design of the beampattern gain and optimal bandwidth from the perspective of detection. The feasibility of the proposed method is validated through numerical experiments, thus indicating the potential in wide-spatial radar surveillance. Moreover,this work can be regarded as a preliminary attempt to gauge the efficacy of the computational array, a novel academic concept.

关键词： multi-scale observation wide-spatial surveillance frequency diverse array (FDA) beampattern synthesis frequency diversity gain computational array

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Coupled conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations and their application to ENSO ensemble forecasts

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 826-842页

作者： Wansuo DUAN lei HU Rong FENG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Limitations are existed in current ensemble forecasting initial perturbation methods for describing the interactions among various spheres of the Earth system. In this study, a new method is proposed, namely, the coupled conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(C-CNOP) method, which incorporates multisphere interactions much appropriately. The El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a typical ocean-atmosphere “coupling”(or “interaction”) phenomenon. The C-CNOP method is applied to ensemble forecasting of ENSO. It is demonstrated that the C-CNOP method can generate coupled initial perturbations(CPs) that appropriately consider initial ocean-atmosphere coupling uncertainty for ENSO ensemble forecasts. Results reveal that the CPs effectively improve the ability of ENSO ensemble-mean forecasts in both temporal variability of Nio3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) and spatial variability of ENSO mature-phase SSTAs. Notably, despite the weakest ocean-atmosphere coupling strength in the tropical Pacific occurring during the boreal spring and summer, CPs still capture the uncertainties of this weak coupling when ENSO predictions are initialized at these seasons. This performance of CPs significantly suppresses the rapid increase of ENSO prediction errors due to the high ocean-atmosphere coupling instability during these seasons, and thus effectively extends the lead time of skillful ENSO forecasting. Hence, the C-CNOP method is a suitable initial perturbation approach for ENSO ensemble forecast that can describe initial ocean-atmosphere coupling uncertainty. It is expected that the CCNOP method plays a significant role in predictions of other high-impact climate phenomena, and even future Earth system predictions.

关键词： Ensemble forecast Multisphere interaction Initial perturbations ENSO

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Open-Shell Oligomers and Polymers: Theory, Characterization Methods, Molecular Design, and Applications

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 417-436页

作者： Xue-Qing Wang Cheng Song Ting lei Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Open-shell oligomers and polymers have exhibited intriguing electronic and magnetic properties, making them highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), photodetectors, organic thermoelectrics, and spintronics. Although open-shell ground states have been observed in certain small molecules and doped organic semiconductors, the exploration of open-shell ground-state conjugated polymers is still limited, and the strategies for designing these polymers remain obscure. This review aims to briefly introduce the theory and characterization methods of open-shell conjugated polymers, along with an overview of recent progress and applications. The objective is to stimulate further advancements and investigations in this promising area by shedding light on the potential of open-shell conjugated polymers and the challenges that lie ahead.

关键词： Conjugated polymers Open-shell molecules High-spin ground state Donor-acceptor(D-A)polymers Optoelectronic and magnetic properties

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Deep kernel extreme learning machine classifier based on the improved sparrow search algorithm

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2024年第3期31卷 15-29页

作者： Zhao Guangyuan lei Yu School of Automation Xi'an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi'an 710000China

In the classification problem,deep kernel extreme learning machine(DKELM)has the characteristics of efficient processing and superior performance,but its parameters optimization is *** improve the classification accuracy of DKELM,a DKELM algorithm optimized by the improved sparrow search algorithm(ISSA),named as ISSA-DKELM,is proposed in this *** at the parameter selection problem of DKELM,the DKELM classifier is constructed by using the optimal parameters obtained by ISSA *** order to make up for the shortcomings of the basic sparrow search algorithm(SSA),the chaotic transformation is first applied to initialize the sparrow ***,the position of the discoverer sparrow population is dynamically adjusted.A learning operator in the teaching-learning-based algorithm is fused to improve the position update operation of the ***,the Gaussian mutation strategy is added in the later iteration of the algorithm to make the sparrow jump out of local *** experimental results show that the proposed DKELM classifier is feasible and effective,and compared with other classification algorithms,the proposed DKELM algorithm aciheves better test accuracy.

关键词： deep kernel extreme learning machine(DKELM) improved sparrow search algorithm(ISSA) classifier parameters optimization

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