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Speed vernalization to accelerate generation advance in winter cereal crops

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1300-1309页

作者： Jin-Kyung Cha Kathryn O'Connor Samir Alahmad Jong-Hee lee Eric Dinglasan Hyeonjin Park So-Myeong lee Dominique Hirsz Soon-Wook Kwon Youngho Kwon Kyeong-Min Kim Jong-Min Ko lee t.hickey Dongjin Shin Laura E.Dixon National Institute of Crop Science RDAMiryang 50424Korea School of Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDAustralia Department of Plant Bioscience Pusan National UniversityMiryang 60463Korea

there are many challenges facing the development of high-yielding,nutritious crops for future *** limiting factor is generation time,which prolongs research and plant breeding *** advances in speed breeding protocols have dramatically reduced generation time for many short-day and long-day species by optimizing lightand temperature conditions during plant ***,winter crops with a vernalization requirement stillrequire upto 6-10weeks in low-temperature conditions before thetransition to ***,we tested a suite of environmental conditions and protocols to investigate whether the vernalization process can be *** identified a vernalization method consisting of exposing seeds at the soil surface to an extended photoperiod of 22 h day:2 h night at 10°C with transfer to speed breeding conditions that dramatically reduces generation time in both winter wheat(triticum aestivum)and winter barley(Hordeum vulgare).Implementation of the speedvernalization protocolfollowed byspeedbreedingallowed the completion ofuptofivegenerations per yearforwinter wheat or barley,whereas only two generations can be typically completed under standard vernalization and plant growth *** speed vernalization protocol developed in this study has great potential to accelerate biological research and breeding outcomes for winter crops.

关键词： speed breeding photoperiod temperature wheat barley breeding

Generation of brain vascular heterogeneity:recent advances from the perspective of angiogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2013-2014页

作者： Nathanael J.lee Ryota L.Matsuoka Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Heterogeneous proper t i es of vascular endothelial cells in the brain:the brain displays large energy dynamics and consumption,and this high level of metabolic demands is fulfilled by a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen through its vascular *** vasculature consists of highly divergent blood vessel branches,giving rise to a dense network of capillaries that supply blood to all cells across the *** elaborated vascular network is thought to develop via angiogenesis,a process in which new blood vessels grow from pre-existing *** capillaries exhibit organotypic features distinct from other tissues and are formed primarily by two major endothelial cell(EC)types:those that form the semi-permeable blood-brain barrier(BBB)and those that develop highly permeable pores known as fenestrae(Matsuoka et al.,2022).the structural and functional differences between BBB and fenestrated vascular ECs represent a fundamental feature of brain vasculature and form the foundation for both brain function and homeostasis.

关键词： angiogenesis homeostasis network

Satellite-enabled enviromics to enhance crop improvement

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 848-866页

作者： Rafael t.Resende lee hickey Cibele H.Amaral Lucas L.Peixoto Gustavo E.Marcatti Yunbi Xu Universidade Federal de Goia´s(UFG) Agronomy DepartmentPlant Breeding SectorGoiania(GO)74690-900Brazil theCROP a Precision-Breeding Startup:EnviromicsPhenomicsand GenomicsNo Zip-codeOperating VirtuallyGoiania(GO)and Sete Lagoas(MG)Brazil Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Earth Lab Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80303USA Environmental Data Science Innovation&Inclusion Lab Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80303USA Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Joa˜o del-Rei Forest Engineering DepartmentCampus Sete LagoasSete Lagoas(MG)35701-970Brazil Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences WeifangShandong 261325China BGI Bioverse Shenzhen 518083China

Enviromics refers to the characterization of micro-and macroenvironments based on large-scale environmental *** providing genotypic recommendations with predictive extrapolation at a site-specific level,enviromics could inform plant breeding decisions across varying conditions and anticipate productivity in a changing ***-based integration of statistics,envirotyping(i.e.,determining environmental factors),and remote sensing could help unravel the complex interplay of genetics,environment,and *** support this goal,exhaustive envirotyping to generate precise environmental profiles would significantly improve predictions of genotype performance and genetic gain in ***,informatics management platforms aggregate diverse environmental datasets obtained using optical,thermal,radar,and light detection and ranging(LiDAR)sensors that capture detailed information about vegetation,surface structure,and *** wealth of information,coupled with freely available climate data,fuels innovative enviromics *** enviromics holds immense potential for breeding,a few obstacles remain,such as the need for(1)integrative methodologies to systematically collect field data to scale and expand observations across the landscape with satellite data;(2)state-of-the-art AI models for data integration,simulation,and prediction;(3)cyberinfrastructure for processing big data across scales and providing seamless interfaces to deliver forecasts to stakeholders;and(4)collaboration and data sharing among farmers,breeders,physiologists,geoinformatics experts,and programmers across research *** these challenges is essential for leveraging the full potential of big data captured by satellites to transform 21st century agriculture and crop improvement through enviromics.

关键词： envirotyping precision breeding genotype-environment interactions remote sensing predictive models enviromic information

A　Possible　Origin　of　Dark　Energy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2004年第6期21卷 1187-1188页

作者： t.D.lee PhysicsDepartment ColumbiaUniversityNewYorkNY10027USA

We discuss the possibility that the existence of dark energy may be due to the presence of a spin zero field (x), either elementary or composite. In the presence of other matter field, the transformation (x)→(x)+ constant can generate a negative pressure, like the cosmological constant. In this picture, our universe can be thought as a very large bag, similar to the much smaller MIt bag model for a single nucleon.

关键词： Astrophysics

Performance Analysis of Intelligent Robust Facility Layout Design

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第2期30卷 407-418页

作者： G MOSLEMIPOUR t S lee Y t LOONG Department of Industrial Engineering Payame Noor University Faculty of Engineering and technology Multimedia University

Design of a robust production facility layout with minimum handling cost （MHC） presents an appropriate approach to tackle facility layout problems in a dynamic volatile environment, in which product demands randomly change in each planning period. the objective of the design is to find the robust facility layout with minimum total material handling cost over the entire multiperiod planning horizon. this paper proposes a new mathematical model for designing robust machine layout in the stochastic dynamic environment of manufacturing systems using quadratic assignment problem （QAP） formulation. In this investigation, product demands are assumed to be normally distributed random variables with known expected value, variance, and covariance that randomly change from period to period. the proposed model was verified and validated using randomly generated numerical data and benchmark examples. the effect of dependent product demands and varying interest rate on the total cost function of the proposed model has also been investigated. Sensitivity analysis on the proposed model has been performed. Dynamic programming and simulated annealing optimization algorithms were used in solving the modeled example problems.

关键词： Robust layout Dynamic stochastic environment Manufacturing system Dynamic programming

Effect of thermal Refining on Mechanical Properties of Annealed SAE 4130 by Multilayer GtAW

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第7期19卷 71-78页

作者： I K lee C L Chung Y t lee Y t Chien Department of Materials Science and Engineering Da-Yeh University

During the first welding process in manufacturing a precise seam container, the steel material must first undergo a full annealing treatment. Multilayer welding operations are conducted and then applied with refining treatment to obtain the goal by hardening. the influence of thermal refining on mechanical properties of annealed SAE 4130 by multilayer GtAW （gas tungsten arc welding） was discussed. the AW （annealing＋welding） and AWSt （annealing＋welding＋solution＋tempering） occurred with a minimum hardness value at GGHAZ （grain growth heat affected zone） due to coarse grain growth~ the hardness occurred with sudden drops between the multilayer welding, but was still larger than the minimum value at HAZ （heat affected zone）. the welded joint efficiency of the AWSt was 89.9%, with the elongation reduced to 77.2% of ASt （annealing＋solution＋tempering）. the cross section of the tensile samples both appeared with a uniform dimple-shaped structure, and however the necking for ASt was greater than that for AWSt. the impact value for AWSt was 166.5% of ASt. Moreover, from microstructure observations, it was found that AWSt had a greater tendency to ductile failure than ASt. these results can be inferred., the process of steady pressure and the initial position of the precision tube breakage HAZ. However, when stress occurs instantly, HAZ can absorb more energy, therefore the initial damage does not occur.

关键词： thermal refining SAE 4130 multilayer welding GtAW

Model with strong γ_4 t-violation

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第12期32卷 939-944页

作者： R. Friedberg t. D. lee Physics Department Columbia University New York NY 10027 U.S.A. China Center of Advanced Science and technology (CCASt/World Lab.) P.O. Box 8730

eAbstract We extend the t violating model of the paper on ＂Hidden symmetry of the CKM and neutrinomapping matrices＂ by assuming its t-violating phases X↑ and X↓ to be large and the same, with X = X↑ = X↓. In this case, the model has 9 real parameters： at, α↑,β↑,ξ↑,η↑t for the t-quark sector, α↓,β↓,ξ↓,η↓, for the sector and a common X- We examine whether these nine parameters are compatible with ten observables： the six quark masses and the four real parameters that characterize the CKM matrix （i.e., the Jarlskog invariant and three Eulerian angles）. We find that this is possible only if the t violating phase X is large, between -120^o to -135^o. In this strong t violating model, the smallness of theJarlskog invariant 3 × 10^-5 ismainly accounted for by the large heavy quark masses, with mc/mt〈ms/mb≈0.02, as well as the near completeoverlap of t and b quark, with （c｜b）=-0.04.

关键词： Jarlskog invariant CKM matrix strong γ4 t-violation

Paths and cycles of hypergraphs

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Science China Mathematics 1999年第1期42卷 1-12页

作者：王建方 tony t.lee Department of Information Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N. T.

Hypergraphs are the most general structures in discrete mathematics. Acyclic hypergraphs have been proved very useful in relational databases. New systems of axioms for paths, connectivity and cycles of hypergraphs are constructed. the systems suit the structure properties of relational databases. the concepts of pseudo cycles and essential cycles of hypergraphs are introduced. they are relative to each other. Whether a family of cycles of a hypergraph is dependent or independent is defined. An enumeration formula for the maximum number of independent essential cycles of a hypergraph is given.

关键词： hypergraph path connected cycle pseudo cycle essential cycle.

Deviations of the lepton mapping matrix from the Harrison-Perkins-Scott form

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第10期34卷 1547-1555页

作者： R.Friedberg t.D.lee Physics Department Columbia UniversityNew York China Center of Advanced Science and technology(CCASt/World Lab.)

We propose a simple set of hypotheses governing the deviations of the leptonic mapping matrix from the Harrison-Perkins-Scott （HPS） form. these deviations are supposed to arise entirely from a perturbation of the mass matrix in the charged lepton sector. the perturbing matrix is assumed to be purely imaginary （thus maximally t-violating） and to have a strength in energy scale no greater （but perhaps smaller） than the muon mass. As we shall show, it then follows that the absolute value of the mapping matrix elements pertaining to the tau lepton deviate by no more than O（（mμ/mτ）^2） ≈ 3.5 ×10^-3 from their HPS values. Assuming that （mμ/mτ）^2 can be neglected, we derive two simple constraints on the four parameters θ12,θ23, θ31, and δ of the mapping matrix. these constraints are independent of the details of the imaginary t-violating perturbation of the charged lepton mass matrix. We also show that the e and μ parts of the mapping matrix have a definite form governed by two parameters α and β; any deviation of order mμ/mτ can be accommodated by adjusting these two parameters.

关键词： lepton mapping matrix CP and t violation Jarlskog invariant timeon