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Thermal Studies of commerc.a. Low calorie Sweeteners

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American Journal of Analytical chemistry 2022年第9期13卷 346-364页

作者： Peter c. K. LeMaire iii Peter K. LeMaire Department of chemical Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Central Connecticut State University New Britain CT USA

This paper presents the thermal analysis of artific.a. sweeteners, and natural sugar substitutes. Thermal analysis was done on commerc.a. compositions of sweeteners using simultaneous DSc/TGA (SDT). Heat flow, and mass vs. temperature and time thermograms, along with DSc peak enthalpies and transition temperatures are reported. A number of the sweeteners were found to undergo transitions and reactions before or at 190°c (375°F, normal baking temperatures) and all dextrose containing sweeteners show an endothermic peak around 80°c due to the liberation of bound water molecules. The major components of sweeteners studied were found to be generally thermostable at or below 100°c.

关键词： DSc TGA Thermal Analysis Sugar Sweeteners Thermo-Stability

Decreasing recurrent bowel obstructions,improving quality of life with physiotherapy:controlled study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第19期24卷 2108-2119页

作者： Amanda D Rice Kimberley Patterson Evette D Reed Belinda F Wurn Kristen Robles Bernhard Klingenberg Leonard B Weinstock Janey SA Pratt c Ric.a.d King iii Lawrence J Wurn Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine-PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85004United States clear Passage Therapies GainesvilleFL 32606United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics Williams CollegeWilliamstownMA 01267United States clinical Medicine and Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSpecialists in GastroenterologyLLCSt.LouisMO 63141United States Department of Surgery Stanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 94035United States college of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32607United States

AIM To compare(1) quality of life and(2) rate of recurrent small bowel obstructions(SBO) for patients treated with novel manual physiotherapy vs no treatment. METHODS One hundred and three subjects(age 19-89) with a history of recurrent adhesive SBO were treated with a manual physiotherapy called the clear Passage Approach(c.a. which focused on decreasing adhesive crosslinking in abdominopelvic viscera. Pre-and post-therapy data measured recurring obstructions and quality of life, using a validated test sent 90 d after therapy. Results were compared to 136 untreated control subjects who underwent the same measurements for subjects who did not receive any therapy, which is the normal course for patients with recurring SBO. comparison of the groups allowed us to assess c.a.ges when the physiotherapy was added as an adjunct treatment for patients with recurring *** Despite histories of more prior hospitalizations, obstructions, surgeries, and years impacted by bowel issues, the 103 c.a.treated subjects reported a significantly lower rate of repeat SBO than 136 untreated controls(total obstructions P = 0.0003; partial obstructions P = 0.0076). Subjects treated with the therapy demonstrated significant improvements in five of six total domains in the validated Small Bowel Obstruction Questionnaire(SBO-Q). Domains of diet, pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life(QOL) and pain severity when compared to post c.a.treatment were significantly improved(P cation domain was not c.a.ged in the c.a.treated group(P = 0.176).cONcLUSION c.a.physical therapy was effective for patients with adhesive SBO with significantly lower recurrence rate, improvement in reported symptoms and overall quality of life of subjects.

关键词： clear passage approach Manual therapy Physical therapy Small bowel obstructions Adhesions Physiotherapy Alternative therapy

Interactive Effects of Elevated cO_2 and Ozone on Leaf Thermotolerance in Field-grown Glycine max

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1396-1405页

作者： Sasmita Mishra Scott A. Hec.a.horn Deepak Barua Dan Wang Puneet Joshi E. William Hamilton iii Jonathan Frantz Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA Department of Biology Washington and Lee University Lexington Virginia USA United States Department of Agricuffure-Agricultural Research Service University of Toledo Toledo Ohio 43606 USA

Humans are increasing atmospheric cO2, ground-level ozone （O3）, and mean and acute high temperatures. Laboratory studies show that elevated cO2 can increase thermotolerance of photosynthesis in c3 plants. O3-related oxidative stress may offset benefits of elevated cO2 during heat-waves. We determined effects of elevated cO2 and O3 on leaf thermotolerance of field-grown Glycine max （soybean, c3）. Photosynthetic electron transport （Фet） was measured in attached leaves heated in situ and detached leaves heated under ambient cO2 and O3. Heating decreased Фet, which O3 exacerbated. Elevated cO2 prevented O3-related decreases during heating, but only increased Фet under ambient O3 in the field. Heating decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids, espec.a.ly under elevated cO2. Neither cO2 nor O3 affected heat-shock proteins. Heating increased catalase （except in high O3） and cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase （SOD）, but not Mn- SOD; cO2 and O3 decreased catalase but neither SOD. Soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by heating, but increased in elevated cO2. Thus, protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by elevated cO2 occurs in field-grown soybean under ambient O3, as in the lab, and high cO2 limits heat damage under elevated O3, but this protection is likely from decreased photorespiration and stomatal conduc.a.ce rather than production of heat-stress adaptations.

关键词： anti-oxidants global c.a.ge heat-shock proteins photosynthesis.

Scaling Leaf Measurements to Estimate Whole canopy Gas Exc.a.ges of cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 1952-1963页

作者： Dennis c. Gitz iii Jeffrey T. Baker Robert J. Lascano Wind Erosion and Water conservation Unit Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS1 Lubbock TX USA

Diurnal leaf and canopy gas exc.a.ges of well-watered field grown cotton were measured. Our objective was to scale leaf-level values of transpiration and net assimilation to the whole canopy level using estimates of canopy leaf area. Single leaf gas exc.a.ge measurements were made with two portable photosynthesis systems and canopy measurements with four open canopy Evapo-Transpiration and Assimilation (cETA) c.a.ber systems. canopy leaf area was measured at the end of the experiment and estimated during gas exc.a.ge by fitting values to a growth curve. Leaf level measurements were arithmetically scaled to estimate canopy level gas exc.a.ge based on canopy leaf area and then compared to the measured values. Scaled values of single leaf transpiration were very similar to canopy transpiration measurements, although both whole canopy transpiration and assimilation were overestimated around mid-day. We conclude that canopy cotton transpiration of well-watered field grown plants could be estimated within 5% throughout the day by scaling leaf level measurements to the whole canopy using measured canopy leaf area. Estimating canopy assimilation from leaf level measurements remains problematic.

关键词： cotton Gossypium hirsutum Scaling Assimilation Transpiration Drought Stress

A soc.a. media adoption strategy for cultural dissemination in municipalities with tourist potential:Lamas,Peru,as a case study

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Built Heritage 2024年第2期8卷 67-78页

作者： Pierre Vidaurre-Rojas Seidy Janice Vela-Reátegui Lloy Pinedo Miguel Valles-coral Jorge Raul Navarro-cabreraand Very Rengifo-Hidalgo Teresa del Pilar López-Sánchez JoséSeijas-Díaz Ángel cárdenas-Garc.a.Rosa Elena cueto-Orbe ATEc Management Research Group Faculty of Economic SciencesUniversidad Nacional de San MartínJr.Maynas N°177TarapotoPerú Faculty of Systems and Informatics Engineering Universidad Nacional de San MartínJr.Maynas N°177TarapotoPerú Tourism Development and International Business Research Group Faculty of EconomicAdministrative and Accounting SciencesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Alto AmazonasProlongación Libertad 1220-1228YurimaguasPerú Tourism Development and International Business Research Group Faculty of International Business and TourismUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Alto AmazonasProlongación Libertad 1220-1228YurimaguasPerú

Soc.a. media is commonly used by governments to disseminate information related to transparency and institutional promotion,but its potential for the dissemination of cultural resources is often *** research proposes a strategy for adopting soc.a. media to achieve cultural dissemination in the municipality of Lamas,Peru,which has tourism potential and has been awarded the“Best Tourism Villages”seal of the World Tourism ***,we propose a case study at a propositional exploratory *** start by determining the current state of dissemination of tangible and intangible resources,as well as the practical use of soc.a. media,through a survey of 20 *** results reveal that c.a.ts are the most widely disseminated tangible resource in the municipality(according to 55%of offic.a.s),and intangible resources are oc.a.ionally disseminated(50%).We also find that Facebook is the only digital c.a.nel used to disseminate cultural *** this context,we formulate a strategy for adopting soc.a. media to improve cultural dissemination,which consists of six phases:(i)forming a work team,(ii)preparing a budget plan,(iii)strengthening capacities,(iv)taking inventory of cultural resources,(v)coordinating community interests and(vi)preparing a cultural dissemination *** findings can contribute to formulating public initiatives for the institutionalisation of soc.a. media in governments for the purposes of preserving,promoting and guaranteeing the accessibility of cultural heritage.

关键词： cultural heritage cultural preservation cultural promotion Digital attraction Digital communication Government Soc.a. networks Tourism development Visitors

Stable carbon Isotope Discrimination (δ¹³c) of cotton Burrs and Seeds as a Season-Long Integrator of crop Water Stress

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1448-1459页

作者： Dennis c. Gitz iii Jeffrey T. Baker Robert J. Lascano cropping Systems Research Laboratory ARS-USDA1 Lubbock USA

Plant-based irrigation management schemes typically use surrogates such as canopy temperature, alone, or in conjunction with environmental variables, to infer the degree of “crop stress” (biological strain) induced by drought. Few systematic studies of the relationship between “crop stress”, as defined by such surrogates, and physiological estimates of water use efficiency (WUE) exist over both daily and seasonal time scales relevant to agronomic irrigation control. The systematic.a.plication of stable carbon isotope discrimination (δ13c) might allow post hoc evaluation of irrigation scheduling schemes and might also be a useful germplasm screening tool if the source(s) of variability can be uncovered and/or controlled. Results from preliminary efforts comparing leaf and cotton seed δ13c to season-long water deficits showed that seeds are more useful indicators of season-long water stress and water use efficiency during crop development.

关键词： Irrigation-Scheduling Germplasm Screen Water Management

Effect of Ambient UV-B on Stomatal Density, conduc.a.ce and Isotope Discrimination in Four Field Grown Soybean [<i>Glycine max</i>(L.) Merr.] Isolines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 100-108页

作者： Dennis c. Gitz iii Steven J. Britz Joseph H. Sullivan Department of PLSA College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Maryland College Park USA USDA-ARS# Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Lubbock USA USDA-ARS Food Components and Health Laboratory Beltsville USA

An experiment was designed to test whether ambient levels of UV-B radiation affect stomatal development, decrease stomatal density, and lead to increased water-use efficiency (WUE). Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isolines with different stomatal distribution and flavonol expression patterns were field grown under shelters that either transmitted or blocked solar UV-B. All isolines exposed to solar UV-B accumulated higher concentrations of UV-screening phenolic pigments but other responses were isoline dependent. Solar UV-B decreased stomatal density and conduc.a.ce in isolines expressing a unique branched kaempferol triglycoside. Decreased stomatal density was assoc.a.ed with increased season-long WUE and decreased internal cO2 concentration of leaf (estimated by δ13c discrimination). We concluded that photomorphogenic responses to UV-B affected stomatal density and WUE in field grown soybean;but that the magnitude and direction of these response were assoc.a.ed with isogenic pleiotropic differences in stomatal distribution and pigment expression. UV-B radiation had no effect on biomass accumulation or yield in a cultivar expressing only trace levels of kaempferol suggesting that flavonol expression is not prerequisite to UV-B tolerance.

关键词： Soybean UV-B Drought Stress Water Use Efficiency Isotope Discrimination Photomorphogenesis

Evaluation of a Metabolic cotton Seedling Emergence Model

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1727-1733页

作者： Dennis c. Gitz iii Jeffrey T. Baker James R. Mahan cropping Systems Research Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture* Lubbock USA

A model for cotton seedling emergence (MaGi) based on malate synthase kinetics was evaluated. cotton seeds were planted through the early spring and into typical planting times for the areas. Soil temperatures at seed depth were used as inputs into MaGi and a commonly used seedling emergence model based on heat unit accumulation (DD60). Time to 50% emergence was calculated and compared with predicted emergence using MaGi and DD60. MaGi yielded predictive capability without the need to resort to lengthy experimentation required by traditional methods. The results suggest that a physiological or semi-empirical approach incorporating both enzyme kinetics and whole plant temperature responses would be useful for rapidly constructing seedling emergence models.

关键词： cotton Seed Emergence Degree Day crop Model

Relating Xylem cavitation to Gas Exc.a.ge in cotton

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1742-1751页

作者： Dennis c. Gitz iii Jeffrey T. Baker Robert J. Lascano cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS# Lubbock USA

Acoustic emissions (AEs) from xylem cavitation events are c.a.acteristic of transpiration processes. Though a body of work exists describing AEs and limited stem hydraulic conductivity under water stress, there is limited information about the effects of AEs on stomatal aperture and limitation on carbon assimilation. The objective of this work was to relate AEs to drought stress in cotton. cotton was grown in mini-lysimeters in the greenhouse and instrumented with a portable photosynthesis system and ultrasonic transducers connected to a digital signal-processing unit. Whole plant transpiration, leaf level gas exc.a.ge and ultrasonic.a.s were measured. Xylem cavitation events temporally assoc.a.ed with the onset of drought stress. The results are consistent with stomatal closure in response to reduced hydraulic conduc.a.ce from xylem cavitation events. clear direct empirical evidence of a reduction in carbon assimilation assoc.a.ed with xylem cavitation resulting from water stress is presented.

关键词： Xylem cavitation Drought Stress Stomatal control Irrigation Scheduling