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Development and challenges of mental health in China

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General Psychiatry 2019年第1期32卷 1-4页

作者： Jianyu Que Lin Lu le Shi Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Peking UniversityBeijingChina

With the socioeconomic development and the acceleration of the ageing process of the population, the incidence rates of mental disorders and psycho-behavioural problems have become higher and higher worldwide. So far, the disease burden caused by mental disorders has ranked second in the world.1 In China, the disease burden caused by mental disorders accounts for 13% of all non-communicable diseases burden.2 Hence, mental health has become a major public health problem and social problem. In order to promote mental health, the Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies and regulations, as well as reform measures. Moreover, the upcoming 'China Brain Project' will also focus on some mental disorders such as autism, depression and dementia to improve mental health research in China.

关键词： Development challenges mental health in China

A discussion of fatigue properties of notched specimens subjected to prestressing treatment machined from FGH4097

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 508-523页

作者： Rongxi shi Dasheng WEI le HAN Shun YANG School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Jiangxi Research Institute Beihang UniversityNanchang 330096China Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to reveal the effect of prestress on the fatigue properties of FGH4097 so as to quantitatively evaluate the overspeed benefit of the disc of aeroengine. A corresponding experiment was performed to examine the effect of prestress on the fatigue life of FGH97. A complete model describing the fatigue properties of the prestressed notch specimen was proposed. After the modification of mean stress, stress gradient and prestressing treatment, the model is finally verified by fatigue test of presstressed notch specimens machined from FGH4097 with satisfactory accuracy and good engineering applicability. The new model highlights that for the variable fatigue loads, the introduction of appropriate prestress is expected to benefit to the notch specimens and certainly to the disc of aeroengine regards of their fatigue properties. Both the calculation method of fatigue life parameters and the prestress correction model are proved to have good prediction accuracy.

关键词： Turbine blisk Overspeed test Prestress Fatigue life prediction FGH4097

Behavioral interventions to eliminate fear responses

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第6期61卷 625-632页

作者： Jingli Yue le Shi Xiao Lin Muhammad Zahid Khan Jie shi Lin Lu Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental Health Key of Mental Health Ministry of Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) National Institute on Drug Dependence Peking University Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/Mc Govern Institute for Brain Research Peking University

Fear memory underlies anxiety-related disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD). PTSD is a fear-based disorder,characterized by difficulties in extinguishing the learned fear response and maintaining extinction. Currently, the first-line treatment for PTSD is exposure therapy, which forms an extinction memory to compete with the original fear memory. However,the extinguished fear often returns under numerous circumstances, suggesting that novel methods are needed to eliminate fear memory or facilitate extinction memory. This review discusses research that targeted extinction and reconsolidation to manipulate fear memory. Recent studies indicate that sleep is an active state that can regulate memory processes. We also discuss the influence of sleep on fear memory. For each manipulation, we briefly summarize the neural mechanisms that have been identified in human studies. Finally, we highlight potential limitations and future directions in the field to better translate existing interventions to clinical settings.

关键词：除害行为活跃状态神经机制记忆扑灭存储器操作

Effect of Auditory Cues Exposure during Sleep on Memory Performance in Old Adults

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Effect of Auditory Cues Exposure during Sleep on Memory Perf...

Sleep facilitates overnight memory consolidation in healthy older adults

中国睡眠研究会第十四届全国学术年会

作者： Yongbo Zheng le Shi Peking University Sxith Hospital

Objective The cognitive ability of the elderly declines at different speeds with aging, among which the hippocampus-dependent memory decline is the most significant. Improving the memory performance of the elderly is the key to promote their quality of life. This study intends to detect the memory performance of the elderly by giving them auditory cues exposure during non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep.Methods We recruited healthy subjects aged between 55 and 75 years in our study. During the learning stage, subjects need to learn two different kinds of pictures, one of which is directly associated with auditory cues and the other is indirectly associated with auditory cues. Subjects in sleep group were arranged to take a nap, and the auditory cues were given when polysomnography showed that they were entered the non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep;in the meantime, the subjects in wake group stayed awake and were given the same auditory cues. All of the subjects were told to remain awake after the intervention completed, followed by the recognition test of the pictures directly and indirectly associated with the auditory cues. The recognition level of pictures directly and indirectly associated with auditory cues was evaluated by the relative accuracy index.Results Exposure to auditory cues during non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep could improve the relative accuracy index for recognition of pictures indirectly associated with auditory cues in sleep group. However, there was no significant improvement in the relative accuracy index for recognition of pictures directly associated with auditory cues. In addition, auditory cues exposure during sleep increased power spectrum and power spectral density of slow wave oscillation and fast spindle in frontal region and central region.Conclusion This study mainly found that auditory cues exposure during non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep can improve the memory performance of the elderly, which may be related to the increase of the power spectrum of slow wave oscilla

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Sleep facilitates overnight memory consolidation in healthy ...

Economic“Activity-Silent”Synaptic Mechanisms of Working Memory

中国睡眠研究会第十五届全国学术年会

作者： Qianwen Wang le Shi Lin Lu Peking University Sixth Hospital

Background: Age-related changes in sleep physiology may affect memory consolidation and contribute to reduced memory consolidation in older adults.This study explored the association between alterations in sleep parameters and changes in overnight memory consolidation in healthy older adults.Method: After an adaptation night, 57 healthy older adults(age range: 60-75) completed a sleep-related memory consolidation test and underwent polysomnography to monitor their sleep patterns.Results: The results suggested a positive association between sleep efficiency and memory consolidation in older adults.Furthermore, higher percentage and time spent in the N3 sleep stage were correlated with memory consolidation.Conversely, light sleep, characterized by frequent awakenings, was found to be negatively correlated with memory consolidation.Conclusion: These results underscore the importance of optimizing sleep patterns and quality to promote overnight memory consolidation among the elderly.Future research should consider exploring interventions aimed at enhancing sleep efficiency and promoting deeper sleep to preserve cognitive functioning as individuals age.

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第6期33卷 760-762页

作者： Xiao Lin Ying Han Peng Li le Shi Lin Lu Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthKey Laboratory of Mental HealthMinistry of Health(Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Working memory（WM）allows humans to hold necessary information in temporary storage and manipulate such information online for higher-order cognitive functions,such as language understanding,decision making,and problem solving.Since its first appearance in the science of psychology in the 1960s,many theories have sought to elucidate the nature of WM.The most accepted model is

关键词： TMS UMI Synaptic Mechanisms of Working Memory Activity-Silent Economic

Cell-Type Identification in the Autonomic Nervous System

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第1期35卷 145-155页

作者： Di-shi Liu Tian-le Xu Department of Anatomy and Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

The autonomic nervous system controls various internal organs and executes crucial functions through sophisticated neural connectivity and circuits. Its dysfunction causes an imbalance of homeostasis and numerous human disorders. In the past decades, great efforts have been made to study the structure and functions of this system, but so far, our understanding of the classification of autonomic neuronal subpopulations remains limited and a precise map of their connectivity has not been achieved.One of the major challenges that hinder rapid progress in these areas is the complexity and heterogeneity of autonomic neurons. To facilitate the identification of neuronal subgroups in the autonomic nervous system, here we review the well-established and cutting-edge technologies that are frequently used in peripheral neuronal tracing and profiling, and discuss their operating mechanisms, advantages, and targeted applications.

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Neuronal tracing Genetic marker Molecular profiling Cell-type diversity

Do large-scale farmers use more pesticides? Empirical evidence from rice farmers in five Chinese provinces

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 590-599页

作者： QIN shi-le LU Xin-ye Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the rules of the differences in pesticide use behaviors between large-scale and small-scale farmers,so as to regulate the behavior of farmers differently and improve the quality and safety of rice.The overall pesticide use behavior of large-scale farmers was characterized by large doses and high application frequency,while that of small-scale farmers was characterized by small doses and low application frequency.The econometric test showed that(i)the proportion of staple food ration has a significant negative impact on the single dose exceeding the standard and pesticide application frequency of small-scale farmers,and the increase of the proportion of staple food ration will reduce the demand among small-scale farmers for pesticides;(ii)yield effect has a greater impact on the frequency of pesticide application by large-scale farmers,and the large yield effect will increase the frequency of pesticide application among large-scale farmers.Therefore,in pesticide use behaviors,large-scale farmers should reduce pesticide quantity and increase efficiency,while small-scale farmers improve the level of plant protection.

关键词： pesticide use behavior rice farmers scale management

Federated Edge learning for the Wireless Physical Layer:Opportunities and Challenges

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China Communications 2022年第8期19卷 15-30页

作者： Yiming Cui Jiajia Guo Xiangyi Li le Liang shi Jin National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing 211111China

Deep learning(DL)has been applied to the physical layer of wireless communication systems,which directly extracts environment knowledge from data and outperforms conventional methods either in accuracy or computation complexity.However,most related research works employ centralized training that inevitably involves collecting training data from edge devices.The data uploading process usually results in excessive communication overhead and privacy disclosure.Alternatively,a distributed learning approach named federated edge learning(FEEL)is introduced to physical layer designs.In FEEL,all devices collaborate to train a global model only by exchanging parameters with a nearby access point.Because all datasets are kept local,data privacy is better protected and data transmission overhead can be reduced.This paper reviews the studies on applying FEEL to the wireless physical layer including channel state information acquisition,transmitter,and receiver design,which represent a paradigm shift of the DL-based physical layer design.In the meantime they also reveal several limitations inherent in FEEL,particularly when applied to the wireless physical layer,thus motivating further research efforts in the field.

关键词： deep learning federated edge learning wireless communication physical layer