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Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 316-337页

作者： Yajing Ban le luo guan Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2P5Canada

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs)are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’health and production *** to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics,DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock *** used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,and fungi containing Saccharomyces and *** date,the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH,promoting ruminal fermentation and feed *** research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants,however,these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly *** review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade,aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages,and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the *** literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis,improve immune response and gut health,increase productivity(growth and milk production),and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of *** research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants,and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.

关键词： DFM-microbial interaction Direct-fed microbials Gut health Host-DFM interaction Ruminants

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Understanding host-microbial interactions in rumen：searching the best opportunity for microbiota manipulation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 300-306页

作者： Nilusha Malmuthuge le luo guan Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5ABCanada 4–16 F Agriculture/Forestry CenterDepartment of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5ABCanada

Ruminants utilize a wide variety of dietary substrates that are not digestible by the mammals, through microbial fermentation taking place in the rumen. Recent advanced molecular based approaches have allowed the characterization of rumen microbiota and its compositional changes under various treatment ***, the knowledge is still limited on the impacts of variations in the rumen microbiota on host biology and function. This review summarizes the information to date on host-microbial interactions in the rumen and how we can apply such information to seek the opportunities to enhance the animal performance through manipulating the rumen function.

关键词： Host-microbial interaction Rumen microbial manipulation Ruminants

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Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 41-53页

作者： Sang Weon Na le luo guan Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs)and the environment(production of manure and methane).Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors,mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined,limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production *** microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA)production have been recently reported to be associated with cattle feed efficiency,however the roles of rumen epithelial function in feed efficiency are less studied although the rumen epithelium has an important function in VFA absorption and metabolism which can affect host feed *** epithelium is colonized with a diverse microbial population,termed epimural microbiota,which has proposed functions in tissue development,barrier and inflammation,urea transport,and oxygen scavenging,suggesting that they can affect rumen epithelial functions and subsequently cattle feed ***,prospective functions of epimural microbiota,enhanced rumen immunity and increased rumen epithelial thickness,might contribute to less nutritional requirement for tissue ***,the understanding of the functions of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions is essential to identify their roles in contributing to feed *** this review,we will focus on to date research findings on the structure of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and epithelial host-microbe interactions together with their functions and how these are associated with feed efficiency,aiming to provide insights on future directions to study rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions and improve the rumen functions in cattle.

关键词： Ruminant Feed efficiency Rumen epithelium Epimural microbiota Microbiome

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A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 642-661页

作者： Tao Ma Tim A.McAllister le luo guan Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaT6G2P5EdmontonABCanada lethbridge Research and Development Centre LethbridgeAB T1J 4P4Canada

Antimicrobials have been widely used to prevent and treat infectious diseases and promote growth in food-production ***,the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance poses a huge threat to public and animal health,especial y in less developed countries where food-producing animals often intermingle with *** limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance from food-production animals to humans and the environment,it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of the role of the resistome in antimicrobial resistance(AMR),The resistome refers to the col ection of al antimicrobial resistance genes associated with microbiota in a given *** dense microbiota in the digestive tract is known to harbour one of the most diverse resistomes in *** of the resistome in the digestive tract of humans and animals are increasing exponential y as a result of advancements in next-generation sequencing and the expansion of bioinformatic resources/tools to identify and describe the *** this review,we outline the various tools/bioinformatic pipelines currently available to characterize and understand the nature of the intestinal resistome of swine,poultry,and *** then propose future research directions including analysis of resistome using long-read sequencing,investigation in the role of mobile genetic elements in the expression,function and transmission of *** review outlines the current knowledge and approaches to studying the resistome in food-producing animals and sheds light on future strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage and control the spread of AMR both within and from livestock production systems.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial resistance gene Digestive tract Food-producing animal Metagenomic sequencing Resistome

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Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： Koki Nishihara Clothilde Villot Lautaro Cangiano le luo guan Michael Steele Department of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand SAS Blagnac F‑31702France Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Address:Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life,understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune *** objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of *** tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(D0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(D5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon *** sequencing showed that there was no difference inαandβdiversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 compared to *** addition,q PCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(***)decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude ***,increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to ***-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to *** Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy Dairy calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing

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Postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation stabilize microbiota in rumen liquid digesta during grain-based subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA) in lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2059-2080页

作者： Junfei Guo Zhengxiao Zhang le luo guan Ilkyu Yoon Jan C.Plaizier Ehsan Khafipour Department of Animal Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Present Address:College of Food and Biological Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamenFujian 361021China Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition DepartmentUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Diamond V Cedar RapidsIA 52404United States Present Address:Cargill Animal Nutrition 15407 McGinty Road WestWayzataMN 55391USA

Background Subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA)is a common metabolic disorder of high yielding dairy cows,and it is associated with dysbiosis of the rumen and gut microbiome and host *** study evaluated the impact of two postbiotics from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products(SCFP)on rumen liquid associated microbiota of lactating dairy cows subjected to repeated grain-based SARA challenges.A total of 32 rumen cannulated cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from 4 weeks before until 12 weeks after *** groups included a Control diet or diets supplemented with postbiotics(SCFPa,14 g/d Original XPC;SCFPb-1X,19 g/d Nutri Tek;SCFPb-2X,38 g/d Nutri Tek,Diamond V,Cedar Rapids,IA,USA).Grain-based SARA challenges were conducted during week 5(SARA1)and week 8(SARA2)after parturition by replacing 20%DM of the base total mixed ration(TMR)with pellets containing 50%ground barley and 50%ground *** DNA from rumen liquid samples was subjected to V3–V416S r RNA gene amplicon *** of rumen microbiota were compared among treatments and SARA *** Both SARA challenges reduced the diversity and richness of rumen liquid microbiota,altered the overall composition(β-diversity),and its predicted functionality including carbohydrates and amino acids metabolic *** SARA challenges also reduced the number of significant associations among different taxa,number of hub taxa and their composition in the microbial co-occurrence *** with SCFP postbiotics,in particular SCFPb-2X,enhanced the robustness of the rumen *** SCFP supplemented cows had less fluctuation in relative abundances of community members when exposed to SARA *** SCFP supplementation promoted the populations of lactate utilizing and fibrolytic bacteria,including members of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,and also increased the numbers of hub taxa during non-SARA and SARA *** with S

关键词： Postbiotics Rumen microbiota Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products SARA

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Rumen fermentation and acetogen population changes in response to an exogenous acetogen TWA4 strain and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2015年第8期16卷 709-719页

作者： Chun-lei YANG le-luo guan Jian-xin LIU Jia-kun WANG Institute of Dairy Science Mo E Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition College of Animal SciencesZhejiang University Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science Faculty of Agricultural Life & Environmental SciencesUniversity of Alberta

The presence of yeast cells could stimulate hydrogen utilization of acetogens and enhance acetogenesis. To understand the roles of acetogens in rumen fermentation, an in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was conducted with addition of acetogen strain （TWA4） and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product （XP）. A 2×2 factorial design with two levels of TWA4 （0 or 2×10^7 cells/ml） and XP （0 or 2 g/L） was performed. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） were increased （P〈0.05） in XP and TWA4XP, while methane was increased only in TWA4XP （P〈0.05）. The increase rate of microorganisms with formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, especially acetogens, was higher than that of methanogens under all treatments. Lachnospiraceae was predominant in all acetogen communities, but without close acetyI-CoA synthase （ACS） amino acid sequences from cultured isolates. Low-Acetitomaculum ruminis-like ACS was predominant in all acetogen communities, while four unique phylotypes in XP treatment were all amino acid identified Iow-Eubacterium limosum-like acetogens. It differs to XP treatment that more Iow-A. ruminis-like and less Iow- E. limosum-like sequences were identified in ＂I＇WA4 and TWA4XP treatments. Enhancing acetogenesis by supple- mentation with an acetogen strain and/or yeast cells may be an approach to mitigate methane, by targeting proper acetogens such as uncultured Iow-E. limosum-like acetogens.

关键词： Acetogen Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product Rumen fermentation Methanogen

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Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期

作者： Yajing Ban le luo guan

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A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期

作者： Tao Ma Tim A.Mc Allister le luo guan

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引用

中华肝胆外科杂志 2016年第12期22卷 805-809页

作者：向光明黄孝伦姚豫桐骆乐王冠邹海波四川省医学科学院四川省人民医院细胞移植/肝胆外科成都610000

目的评估丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）相关性肝细胞癌（HCC）根治性外科干预后使用干扰素是否能降低肝癌复发率及延长患者生存期。方法检索1990年一2015年所有论述HCV相关性HCC患者术后使用干扰素治疗的文献，采用Revman5统计软件进行Meta分析... 详细信息

目的评估丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）相关性肝细胞癌（HCC）根治性外科干预后使用干扰素是否能降低肝癌复发率及延长患者生存期。方法检索1990年一2015年所有论述HCV相关性HCC患者术后使用干扰素治疗的文献，采用Revman5统计软件进行Meta分析。结果经筛选共纳入高质量随机对照临床试验7篇，395例患者。固定效应模式Meta分析显示HCV相关性HCC根治性治疗后使用干扰素治疗能降低肝癌复发率（RR=0．84，95％C10．73～0．97，P〈0．05）。HCC根治术后使用与未使用干扰素治疗的患者3年生存率差异无统计学意义（RR=1．04，95％C10．90—1．21，P〉0．05）。分层分析显示：HCV相关性HCC行手术根治后使用干扰素治疗能降低肝癌复发率（RR=0．62，95％C10．39～1．00，P=0．05）。直径小于3emHCC根治术后使用干扰素治疗能降低肝癌复发率（RR=0．82，95％C10．69—0．98，P〈0．05）。结论HCV相关性HCC行手术根治后使用干扰素治疗能降低肝癌复发率。

关键词：丙型病毒性肝炎肝细胞性肝癌干扰素复发

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