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Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds

Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第29期8卷 2763-2774页

作者： Zhen He Sherry Ann Ferguson Li Cui lazar john greenfield Merle Gale Paule Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological ResearchFood and Drug Administration Department of Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the cal- bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents. Several mechanisms are proposed to underlie the processes that contribute to the sexual dimorphism （size difference） of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Recent evidence indicates that stem cell activity, including proliferation and migration presumably from the 3^rd ventricle stem cell niche, may play a critical role in the postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and its distinguishing sexually dimorphic feature： a signifi-cantly larger volume in males. Sex hormones and estrogen-like compounds can affect the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Despite considerable research, it remains un-clear whether estrogen-like compounds and/or sex hormones increase size of the sexually dimor-phic nucleus of the preoptic area via an increase in stem cell activity originating from the 3^rd ventricle stern cell niche.

关键词： neural regeneration review sexual orientation sexual behavior calbindin D28K estrogen-likecompound bisphenol A neural stem cells grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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The Impact of Cutting Tool Advances on Machining Productivity

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工具技术 2006年第3期40卷 13-21页

作者： M. S. greenfield A.T. Santhanam Kennametal Inc. Latrobe PA 15650 USA

Intense global competition is forcing the manufacturing industry to reduce costs so as to maintain profitability. Since a major component of manufacturing cost is machine tool time, attention is focused on cycle time reduction through greater machining productivity. Advances in machine tools, development of stronger workpiece materials, new machining methods, and environmental regulations with regard to safe disposal of cutting fluids are providing additional challenges to the cutting tool industry. In response to these challenges, the industry has made significant innovations in every class of tool materials. This paper discusses the role of tooling advances in enhancing metalcutting productivity.

关键词：机械制造切割工具技术发展

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用机械咬合连锁式混凝土路面砖建设和修复机场地坪的实践

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建筑砌块与砌块建筑 2012年第6期 30-34页

作者： lazar Michael EMERY john 崔玉忠英国APC私人有限公司

1981年10月英国伦敦卢顿机场改建时,为改善原有机场地坪的性能,首次采用混凝土路面砖铺设停机坪。最初的试验区域包含两块9m×2m的矩形停机坪区域,位于飞机起落架下方;采用100mm×200mm、厚度80mm矩形路面砖来替换已受损的沥青面层。然... 详细信息

1981年10月英国伦敦卢顿机场改建时,为改善原有机场地坪的性能,首次采用混凝土路面砖铺设停机坪。最初的试验区域包含两块9m×2m的矩形停机坪区域,位于飞机起落架下方;采用100mm×200mm、厚度80mm矩形路面砖来替换已受损的沥青面层。然后在卢顿机场广泛使用了混凝土路面砖。现在,全世界在机场铺设混凝土路面砖的地坪面积大约150万平方米。混凝土路面砖路面层,主要依赖砖缝之间的砂子提供"连锁"效应,达到路面稳定的作用。为了进一步优化路面砖路面的结构稳定性,并克服现有路面砖路面结构系统存在的一些问题,我们开发创新了一种新块型,使路面砖铺设使用过程中,除传统的填缝砂提供摩擦力产生连锁效应外,还使块与块之间产生机械咬合连锁。本文将详细叙述这种借助每块砖上的榫舌和凹槽,产生的机械咬合连锁作用。文章总体探讨这种路面砖在民用、军用机场地坪上的适用性,特别提及在孟加拉国齐亚国际机场的使用情况,这是一个机场地坪修复和扩建项目。曾在1984年召开的国际混凝土路面砖大会上,对榫槽咬合连锁路面砖路面结构与G型路面砖(英文:G-Block)路面进行过比较,结论是这种连锁方式对路面结构在垂直方向的连锁性能有改善作用。

关键词：混凝土路面砖路面榫槽咬合连锁机场停机坪

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一种长寿命的路面反光标识材料

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建筑砌块与砌块建筑 2011年第4期 38-40,46页

作者： lazar, Michael Emery．john 肖娟（译）杜建东（校） Acme铺路工程顾问私人有限公司新加坡629613 顾问英国

有一种专门在混凝土路面砖(板)或路缘石表面使用的永久性反光标识材料,也可应用于现浇混凝土或沥青路面。本文介绍近年来该项工艺技术发展和应用案例。文章所描述的材料是一种具有反射光线功能的涂料,具有发光持久和环保的特征,在混凝... 详细信息

有一种专门在混凝土路面砖(板)或路缘石表面使用的永久性反光标识材料,也可应用于现浇混凝土或沥青路面。本文介绍近年来该项工艺技术发展和应用案例。文章所描述的材料是一种具有反射光线功能的涂料,具有发光持久和环保的特征,在混凝土路面砖(板)生产过程中涂抹在面层,就能够提供路面永久性反光标识。本文介绍的反光材料使用简单、维护保养少,特别是不管在夜晚或何种恶劣的天气条件下,都能够保持持久、清晰。该反光混合物经广泛测试表明,能够满足当前所有的应用要求。该反光混合物内含有水泥成分,具有粘合性能,可以保证牢固地粘附在混凝土或沥青路面上;它包含有玻璃微珠和其他添加剂,使其平均亮度系数达到60。在受到同等高强度交通运输压力的条件下,该反光混合物的使用年限较热塑性材料长,平均是热塑性材料的四倍,同时具有较好的防滑阻力。

关键词：路面反光材料反光型路面砖长寿命

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Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not β-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 901-916页

作者： Nichole F.Huntley C.Martin Nyachoti john F.Patience Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy ***: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin ***: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance i

关键词： Acute phase proteins β-Mannan Cytokines Digestibility Feed induced immune response Heat production Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Nitrogen balance Swine

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The assessment of atrial function by velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 18-24页

作者： Charles C. Vu john F. Heitner Igor Klem Peter J. Cawley Anna Lisa C. Crowley Manesh R. Patel Jonathan W. Weinsaft Michele A. Parker Michael Elliott Robert M. Judd Raymond J. Kim Joseph C. greenfield Jr. Division of Cardiology New York Methodist Hospital Brooklyn USA Division of Cardiology New York Presbyterian Hospital Weill Cornell Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle USA Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center Duke University Medical Center Durham USA Stony Brook School of Medicine Stony Brook USA

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess velocity-encoded cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (Ve-CMR) in a population of patients referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), to determine the variability of atrial function, and to identify clinical parameters associated with left atrial function. Methods: This is a prospective study evaluating patients who were referred to our CMR center for a clinical CMR. Left atrial function was obtained via Ve-CMR thru-plane images across the mitral valve after acquiring 2 perpendicular in-plane images as “scouts”. The atrial function and mitral inflow were quantified by computer analysis (Argus, Siemens). Atrial function was defined as atrial contraction (A-wave) volume divided by total inflow volume. Left atrial volumes were calculated via computer analysis. Mitral regurgitation and left ventricular ejection fractions were assessed visually. Results: Thirty-nine patients, with mean age 56 +/- 10 years, were enrolled. The mean left atrial function was 22.9% +/-14.5%;the range in left atrial function was 0% - 57%. There was a significant positive correlation between atrial function and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between atrial function and severity of mitral regurgitation (r = -0.60, P < 0.01), as well as left atrial volume (r = -0.36, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate a wide variability in left atrial function and a significant association between left atrial function and left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial volume and mitral regurgitation.

关键词： Atrial Function Velocity-Encoded Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

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Repeat RF Ablation of C2 and Third Occipital Nerves for Recurrent Occipital Neuralgia and Cervicogenic Headaches

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2016年第4期6卷 236-242页

作者： john F. Hamer Traci A. Purath Oak Brook IL USA Purath Headache and Neurology Greenfield WI USA

Objective: To address the degree and duration of pain relief from recurrent cervicogenic headaches and/or occipital neuralgia following retreatment with radiofrequency ablation of the C2 dorsal root ganglion and/or third occipital nerves;to review outcomes including duration and degree of pain relief;to evaluate procedure’s complication rate and patient’s willingness to repeat the procedure;to compare effectiveness of the most recent RF ablation to patient’s first RF ablation. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective observational study of 23 patients with recurrent cervicogenic headaches and/or occipital neuralgia treated with repeated RF ablation of the C2 dorsal root ganglion and/or third occipital nerves. All patients receiving treatment from January 2010 to July 2014 are included in this single site retrospective study. This is an IRB approved medical chart review study. Results: 22 of 23 patients underwent follow-up. An average of 86.5% of participants reported pain relief on average of 25.4 weeks at time of follow-up. 41% reported side effects including suboccipital hyperesthesia and/or ear discomfort, 95% reported willingness to repeat the procedure again if severe symptoms recurred, 59% of patients reported the most recent RF ablation had the same results as the first, 32% reported the most recent RF was the most effective, and 9% reported that the first RF was the most effective. Conclusion: Repeated RF ablation is a feasible option for recurrent cervicogenic headaches and/or occipital neuralgia. Effectiveness of repeat intervention is the same or better than the first ablation. Though there was a higher likelihood of side effects including suboccipital neuralgia and/or ear discomfort on repeat treatment, the side effects were generally well tolerated.

关键词： Occipital Neuralgia Cervicogenic Headache Radiofrequency Ablation

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翻译擂台

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新东方英语（中英文版） 2005年第10期 119-123页

作者： john Gu

Translation Contest 27 英译中部分: Retirement Announcement of greenfield Elementary School Principal Dear Friends, I am writing to let you know that I will retire at the end of this school year. After 19 years it is d... 详细信息

关键词：英译译文新东方口语会话英语句子翻译风格擂台可读性北京市讲故事

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Productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (<i>Paspalum dilatatum</i>) as influenced by cutting height and rate of fertilization with poultry litter or commercial fertilizer

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 455-465页

作者： Elias J. Bungenstab Adolfo C. Pereira Jr. john C. Lin James L. Holliman Russell B. Muntifering Van Beek Nutrition Pocatello USA Elanco Animal Health Greenfield USA Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Auburn USA

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the Black Belt region of the southeastern US, and information on its productivity and nutritive quality as influenced by fertility is needed. In each yr of a 2-yr study, an existing dallisgrass pasture that had been subdivided into 48 plots of 9.3 m2 each was fertilized with the equivalent of 34 (34N), 67 (67N), 101 (101N) or 134 (134N) kg N/ha from poultry litter (PL) or commercial fertilizer (CF;NH4NO3). In both years, primary-growth and vegetative regrowth forage was harvested in mid-August and late September, respectively, and forage from each harvest was clipped to either a 5- or 10-cm stubble height. Forage cut to a 5-cm height yielded 71% more (P < 0.001) DM than forage cut to a 10-cm height, but forage dry matter (DM) yields were not different between CF and PL treatments across years and fertilization rates. Concentration of crude protein (CP) was greater (P = 0.002) for CF than PL forage and increased for both fertilizer sources with increasing rates of N application. Forage concentrations of cell-wall constituents were not different between CF and PL treatments. Forage amended with CF had a higher concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn than PL-amended forage;however, forage amended with PL had a higher concentration of P and K than CF-amended forage. There was no effect of fertilizer source on forage concentration of Al, Cu or Zn. Results indicate that PL and CF were comparable for supporting productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass on Black Belt soils.

关键词： Dallisgrass Productivity Nutritive Quality Poultry Litter

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